This reverts commit 3420a145, reversing
changes made to afb66a5a.

Addresses https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/22396

The first step of bringing typecasting to ActiveModel

This helper no longer makes sense as a separate method. Instead I'll
just have `deserialize` call `cast` by default. This led to a random
infinite loop in the `JSON` pg type, when it called `super` from
`deserialize`. Not really a great way to fix that other than not calling
super, or continuing to have the separate method, which makes the public
API differ from what we say it is.

The latest version of the PG gem can actually convert the primitives for
us in C code, which gives a pretty substantial speed up. A few cases
were only there to add the `infinity` method, which I just put on the
range type (which is the only place it was used). Floats also needed to
parse `Infinity` and `NaN`, but it felt reasonable enough to put that on
the generic form.

The type code is actually quite accessible, and I'm planning to
encourage people to look at the files in the `type` folder to learn more
about how it works. This will help reduce the noise from code that is
less about type casting, and more about random AR nonsense.

Only `Date` and `Time` are handled.

`ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Type::Value` =>
`ActiveRecord::Type::Value`