* Handle more unsafe String methods

* Fix codeclimate issue

* Revert stylistic change

[Janosch Müller + Rafael Mendonça França]

Fixing code block rendering, indentation, backticks, etc.

Co-authored-by: Nno-itsbackpack <no-itsbackpack@github.com>

The method removes and returns the elements for which the block returns a true value.
If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.

```
numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
odd_numbers = numbers.extract! { |number| number.odd? } # => [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
numbers # => [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
```

We always add new entries on the top of changelog file.
This commit moves the entry added in 47018a82 up in order to
preserve the chronology.
Follows up 3e2629eb

* test case for fetch cache miss with skip_nil

* abondon nil cache if skip_nil specified

* ensure not cache key for skip nil

* add document with skip_nil for Store#fetch

* add a new change log entry for #25437

* Use process clock instead of Time.now

This fixes any issues with the system clock changing and also eliminates
2 object allocations per event.

* Add start! and finish! methods to the event object so we can record
more information

* Adds cpu time, idle time, and allocation count for a particular event.
Co-authored-by: NAaron Patterson <aaron.patterson@gmail.com>

Firstly, increment and decrement shouldn't care about the particulars of
key expiry. They should only know that they have to pass that responsibility
on to somewhere else.

Secondly, it moves the key normalization back inside the instrumentation like
it was originally. I think that matches the original design intention or at
the very least it lets users catch haywire key truncation.

Thirdly, it moves the changelog entry to the top of the file, where new entries
go. I couldn't understand what the entry was saying so I tried to rewrite it.

Fixes #32610. Closes #32614.

Lua scripts in redis are *blocking*, meaning that no other client can
execute any commands while the script is running. See
https://redis.io/commands/eval#atomicity-of-scripts.

This results in the following exceptions once the number of keys is
sufficiently large:

    BUSY Redis is busy running a script.
    You can only call SCRIPT KILL or SHUTDOWN NOSAVE.

This commit replaces the lua-based implementation with one that uses
`SCAN` and `DEL` in batches. This doesn't block the server.

The primary limitation of `SCAN`, i.e. potential duplicate keys, is of
no consequence here, because `DEL` ignores keys that do not exist.

Before this change missing timezone data for any of the time zones
defined in `ActiveSupport::Timezone::MAPPING` caused a `comparison of
NilClass with ActiveSupport::TimeZone failed` exception.

Attempting to get a timezone by passing a number/duration to `[]` or
calling `all` directly will try to sort sort the values of `zones_map`.
Those values are initialized by the return value of `create(zonename)`
which returns `nil` if `TZInfo` is unable to find the timezone
information.

In our case the exception was triggered by an outdated tzdata package
which did not include information for the "recently" added time zones.

Before 078421ba `zones_map` only
returned the information that have been loaded into `@lazy_zone_map`
which ignored time zones for which the data could not be loaded, this
change restores the previous behaviour.

(See previous commit for a description of the issue)

We only add the header when releasing to avoid some conflicts.

[ci skip]

- Add missing dots.
- Remove reference to itself on GitHub.
  Usually, we add references to fixed issues only in a changelog.

Follow up #32223

Equality comparisons between dates and times can take some extra time to
comprehend. I tend to think of a date or time as "before" or "after"
another date or time, but I naturally read `<` and `>` as "less than"
and "greater than." This change seeks to make date/time comparisons more
human readable.

Previously, URI.enscape could handle Unicode input (without any actual
escaped characters), or input with escaped characters (but no actual
Unicode characters) - not both.

    URI.unescape("\xe3\x83\x90")  # => "バ"
    URI.unescape("%E3%83%90")  # => "バ"
    URI.unescape("\xe3\x83\x90%E3%83%90")  # =>
                                         # Encoding::CompatibilityError

We need to let `gsub` handle this for us, and then force back to the
original encoding of the input.  The result String will be mangled if
the percent-encoded characters don't conform to the encoding of the
String itself, but that goes without saying.
Signed-off-by: NAshe Connor <ashe@kivikakk.ee>

now support translations through I18n.

        {
          fr: {
            number: {
              nth: {
                ordinals: lambda do |_key, number:, **_options|
                  if number.to_i.abs == 1
                    'er'
                  else
                    'e'
                  end
                end,

                ordinalized: lambda do |_key, number:, **_options|
                  "#{number}#{ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinal(number)}"
                end
              }
            }
          }
        }

Remove extra comments `# Asking for private method` in activesupport/test/core_ext/module_test.rb
Improve docs of using `delegate` with `:private`
Update changelog of #31944

Previously it was removed by #32106 since it was backported to `5-2-stable`.

[ci skip]

Remove railties' changelog added by 7340596d
since it was backported to `5-2-stable` via ac99916f

Remove activesupport's changelog added by 1077ae96
since it was backported to `5-2-stable` via a2b97e4f

Remove activesupport's changelog added by 0d41a76d
since it was backported to `5-2-stable` via cdce6a70

Remove activestorage's changelog added by d57c52a3
since it was backported to `5-2-stable` via 5292cdf5

Follow up c113bdc9

Fixes #31909.
Closes #31911.

Some timezones like `Europe/London` have multiple mappings in
`ActiveSupport::TimeZone::MAPPING` so return all of them instead
of the first one found by using `Hash#value`. e.g:

  # Before
  ActiveSupport::TimeZone.country_zones("GB") # => ["Edinburgh"]

  # After
  ActiveSupport::TimeZone.country_zones("GB") # => ["Edinburgh", "London"]

Fixes #31668.

This faithfully preserves grapheme clusters (characters composed of other
characters and combining marks) and other multibyte characters.

```ruby
"foo".freeze.strip_heredoc.frozen?  # => true
```

Fixes the case where frozen string literals would inadvertently become
unfrozen:

```ruby

foo = <<-MSG.strip_heredoc
  la la la
MSG

foo.frozen?  # => false !??
```

Skipping over 2.4.0 to sidestep the `"symbol_from_string".to_sym.dup` bug.

References #32028

Provides both a forked process and threaded parallelization options. To
use add `parallelize` to your test suite.

Takes a `workers` argument that controls how many times the process
is forked. For each process a new database will be created suffixed
with the worker number; test-database-0 and test-database-1
respectively.

If `ENV["PARALLEL_WORKERS"]` is set the workers argument will be ignored
and the environment variable will be used instead. This is useful for CI
environments, or other environments where you may need more workers than
you do for local testing.

If the number of workers is set to `1` or fewer, the tests will not be
parallelized.

The default parallelization method is to fork processes. If you'd like to
use threads instead you can pass `with: :threads` to the `parallelize`
method. Note the threaded parallelization does not create multiple
database and will not work with system tests at this time.

parallelize(workers: 2, with: :threads)

The threaded parallelization uses Minitest's parallel exector directly.
The processes paralleliztion uses a Ruby Drb server.

For parallelization via threads a setup hook and cleanup hook are
provided.

```
class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  parallelize_setup do |worker|
    # setup databases
  end

  parallelize_teardown do |worker|
    # cleanup database
  end

  parallelize(workers: 2)
end
```

[Eileen M. Uchitelle, Aaron Patterson]

:tada::tada::tada: