Fix active_storage installation failure when in engine

We need to pass scope attributes to `klass.new` to detect subclass.
Otherwise `subclass_from_attributes` can't detect subclass which is had
in scope attributes.

Fixes #18062.
Closes #18227.
Closes #30720.

Optimizing information_schema query for `foreign_keys`

Fix protected environments with symbols

Use CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA key for information_schema.referential_constraints.
See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/information-schema-optimization.html.

```
> EXPLAIN SELECT fk.referenced_table_name AS 'to_table', fk.referenced_column_name AS 'primary_key', fk.column_name AS 'column', fk.constraint_name AS 'name', rc.update_rule AS 'on_update', rc.delete_rule AS 'on_delete' FROM information_schema.referential_constraints rc JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage fk USING (constraint_schema, constraint_name) WHERE fk.referenced_column_name IS NOT NULL AND fk.table_schema = 'activerecord_unittest' AND fk.table_name = 'fk_test_has_pk' AND rc.constraint_schema = 'activerecord_unittest' AND rc.table_name = 'fk_test_has_pk'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: SIMPLE
        table: rc
   partitions: NULL
         type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
          key: CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME
      key_len: NULL
          ref: NULL
         rows: NULL
     filtered: NULL
        Extra: Using where; Open_full_table; Scanned 0 databases
*************************** 2. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: SIMPLE
        table: fk
   partitions: NULL
         type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
          key: TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME
      key_len: NULL
          ref: NULL
         rows: NULL
     filtered: NULL
        Extra: Using where; Open_full_table; Scanned 0 databases; Using join buffer (Block Nested Loop)
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
```

  - Add mention about `config.active_record.internal_metadata_table_name`
  - Add mention about `config.active_record.protected_environments`

  These changes prevent ignoring environments name of which is a `Symbol`
  ```
  config.active_record.protected_environments = ['staging', :production]
  ```

Currently, sanitize methods are private. So need `send` to use from
outside class.
However, sometimes want to use sanitize methods from outside Class when
want to generate SQL including multiple tables like search.
In order to avoid using `send` in such a case, changed methods to public.

Merge pull request #31405 from bogdanvlviv/fix-conflicts-counter_cache-with-touch-by-optimistic_locking

Fix conflicts `counter_cache` with `touch: true` by optimistic locking.

Fix doc typo [ci skip]

Quote colum_names when building select:

Revert "only install ffmpeg and mupdf on activestorage builds"

This reverts commit 6ec0ed67.

[ci skip] Fix Active Support Changelog about :race_condition_ttl

Remove stale comment about `ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables` [skip ci]

Follow up of #31390.

Prevent race condition when resetting time stubs

If the current thread is preempted after the stub has been removed but
before the original method has been restored, then the other thread will
get a `NoMethodError` when it tries to call the method.

Using `silence_redefinition_of_method` instead of `undef_method` ensures
that either the stub or the original method is always in place.

Fix secrets command deprecation message

[ci skip] Update routing guide for Direct & resolved routes

* Added the direct method to routing guide.

This reverts commit a80f81af.

`create_fixtures` doesn't work since at least a94220b6

  ```
  # create_table :posts do |t|
  #   t.integer :comments_count, default: 0
  #   t.integer :lock_version
  #   t.timestamps
  # end
  class Post < ApplicationRecord
  end

  # create_table :comments do |t|
  #   t.belongs_to :post
  # end
  class Comment < ApplicationRecord
    belongs_to :post, touch: true, counter_cache: true
  end
  ```

  Before:
  ```
  post = Post.create!
  # => begin transaction
       INSERT INTO "posts" ("created_at", "updated_at", "lock_version")
       VALUES ("2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", "2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", 0)
       commit transaction

  comment = Comment.create!(post: post)
  # => begin transaction
       INSERT INTO "comments" ("post_id") VALUES (1)

       UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) + 1,
       "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1

       UPDATE "posts" SET "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:27:11.398330',
       "lock_version" = 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1 AND "posts"."lock_version" = 0
       rollback transaction
  # => ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError: Attempted to touch a stale object: Post.

  Comment.take.destroy!
  # => begin transaction
       DELETE FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."id" = 1

       UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) - 1,
       "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1

       UPDATE "posts" SET "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:42:47.785901',
       "lock_version" = 1 WHERE "posts"."id" = 1 AND "posts"."lock_version" = 0
       rollback transaction
  # => ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError: Attempted to touch a stale object: Post.
  ```

  After:
  ```
  post = Post.create!
  # => begin transaction
       INSERT INTO "posts" ("created_at", "updated_at", "lock_version")
       VALUES ("2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", "2017-12-11 21:27:11.387397", 0)
       commit transaction

  comment = Comment.create!(post: post)
  # => begin transaction
       INSERT INTO "comments" ("post_id") VALUES (1)

       UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) + 1,
       "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1,
       "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:37:09.802642' WHERE "posts"."id" = 1
       commit transaction

  comment.destroy!
  # => begin transaction
       DELETE FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."id" = 1

       UPDATE "posts" SET "comments_count" = COALESCE("comments_count", 0) - 1,
       "lock_version" = COALESCE("lock_version", 0) + 1,
       "updated_at" = '2017-12-11 21:39:02.685520' WHERE "posts"."id" = 1
       commit transaction
  ```

  Fixes #31199.

- #30980 introcuded a change to not use `Arel.star` when model have ignored columns, a query used to look like `SELECT *. FROM developers` whereas now it would like `SELECT column1, column2 FROM developers`
  - If a column has the same name has a reserved database specific keyword (such as key, where ...) then the query would fail because the names aren't quoted
- Quoting almost always happen unless we use a `from` clause in the query https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/9965b98dc0d58a86e10b4343bb6e15e01661a8c3/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb#L1052
- This PR cast all columns name to symbols in order for the quoting logic to be picked up https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/9965b98dc0d58a86e10b4343bb6e15e01661a8c3/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb#L1054-L1055
- A reproduction script can be found here https://gist.github.com/Edouard-chin/f56d464a0adcb76962afc1a9134a1536

- The namespacing should be `ActiveRecord::FixtureSet`
- I might be missing something but I'm not sure why `create_fixtures` is useful for nowaday (unless for testing rails internal /shrug) and since it's been that long it wasn't working I think it should be fine to just fire it

Return `nil` instead of `false` if raise `Azure::Core::Http::HTTPError`

[ci skip] Update instrumentation guide for ActiveStorage

* Added `service_delete_prefixed.active_storage`.

Execute a single mogrify command with multiple options rather than one command per option. Permit the use of all mogrify options, not just the ones that fall through to MiniMagick::Image#method_missing.

* If it raise error `Azure::Core::Http::HTTPError`, return `nil` instead of `false` in
  `ActiveStorage::Service::AzureStorageService#delete`.

* Other services behave as same as this.

StreamingTemplateRenderer fails to forward I18n.locale in layouts

`webpack` is assigned but never used in webpack.config.js