Part of a larger refactoring to remove type casting from Arel.

/cc @mrgilman

[Sean Griffin & Melanie Gilman]

This reduces the number of places which will need to care about single
value or range specific logic as we introduce type casting. The array
handler is only responsible for producing `in` statements.

/cc @mrgilman

[Sean Griffin & Melanie Gilman]

We're accidentally documenting `PredicateBuilder` and `ArrayHandler`
since there's a constant which is missing `# :nodoc:`

Passing ranges to `#in` has been deprecated in Arel.

The current style for warning messages without newlines uses
concatenation of string literals with manual trailing spaces
where needed.

Heredocs have better readability, and with `squish` we can still
produce a single line.

This is a similar use case to the one that motivated defining
`strip_heredoc`, heredocs are super clean.

`User.where(id: [[1,2],3])` was equal to `User.where(id:[1, 2, 3])`
in Rails 4.1.x but because of some refactoring in Arel this stopped
working in 4.2.0. This fixes it in Rails.

[Dan Olson & Cristian Bica]

Simplifies the code slightly, isolates non-nil non-range values into a
single array, which will make it easier to do things like apply type
casting to them in the future.

This adds the ability for rails apps or gems to have granular control
over how a domain object is converted to sql. One simple use case would
be to add support for Regexp. Another simple case would be something
like the following:

    class DateRange < Struct.new(:start, :end)
      def include?(date)
        (start..end).cover?(date)
      end
    end

    class DateRangePredicate
      def call(attribute, range)
        attribute.in(range.start..range.end)
      end
    end

    ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder.register_handler(DateRange,
      DateRangePredicate.new)

More complex cases might include taking a currency object and converting
it from EUR to USD before performing the query.

By moving the existing handlers to this format, we were also able to
nicely refactor a rather nasty method in PredicateBuilder.