If a counter_cache exists, use it for #empty?

Add ability to extend `rails server` command options parser

Log digest as :debug instead of :info

Fix empty host for an asset url when asset_host proc returns nil

Return an absolute instead of relative path from an asset url in the case of the `asset_host` proc returning nil

[ci skip] Fix grammar of eager loading for ActiveRecord::Associations

Refactor reflections from sub classes to delegates

Stash original path in `ShowExceptions` middleware

Address ORA-00972: identifier is too long when tested with Oracle

by using shorter attribute names.

`ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions` overwrites `PATH_INFO` with the status code
for the exception defined in `ExceptionWrapper`, so the path the user was
visiting when an exception occurred was not previously available to any custom
exceptions_app.

The original `PATH_INFO` is now stashed in
`env["action_dispatch.original_path"]`.

Dump PostgreSQL primary key with custom function as a default.

[ci skip] Improve documentation consistency for ActiveModel::Errors

*   Leave two blank lines between sections/packages for readibility.

*   Always indent bullet points with four spaces. This allows multi-paragraph
    points to align properly (see #16103), and it is the same as the format we
    already use in CHANGELOGs. Doing this consistently sets an easy precedent
    for future contributors to follow.

*   Always put the PR/commit link on its own line in the source. If the bullet
    point spans multiple paragraphs, put it on its own paragraph at the end.

[Godfrey Chan & Juanito Fatas]

[ci skip] Fix typos like `a html` to `an html` and 'an mail' to 'an email'.

Fix tests broken in #16149

Refactor Hash#transform_values and Hash#transform_values!

[Bug report templates] Added rack master to the Gemfile [ci skip]

Conflicts:
	activerecord/lib/active_record/base.rb

This reverts commit 0f6b101e.

Reason: It's better to let `unscope` be documented. We can add a
separate section for `except`.

Just so it's clearer what's going on in the following assertion.

/cc #11993 @robin850

Silence Downloader's output

Fixing typo in comment

Use NameError#name to assert raised error.

This output isn't used anywhere for assertions so we can simply remove
it. The introducing commit was f238d495.

With this change it will be possible to add additional options to the `option_parser` like this:

    require 'rails/commands/server'
    module Rails
      class Server < ::Rack::Server
        class Options
          def option_parser_with_open(options)
            parser = option_parser_without_open options
            parser.on('-o', '--open', 'Open in default browser') { options[:open] = true }
            parser
          end
          alias_method_chain :option_parser, :open
        end

        def start_with_open
          start_without_open do
            `open http://localhost:3000` if options[:open]
          end
        end
        alias_method_chain :start, :open
      end
    end

Don't rely on the column SQL type for bit string quoting

Use a type object for type casting behavior on SQLite3