Expose MiddlewareStack#unshift to environment configuration

Fixing repond_with working directly on the options hash

This fixes an issue where the respond_with worked directly with the given
options hash, so that if a user relied on it after calling respond_with,
the hash wouldn't be the same.

Fixes #12029

Add documentation for after_touch [ci skip]

the instance

instance

the instance

adding load_path to include active_model in the load path of example

No reason to decompose the join objects on every iteration

the @reflections ivar.

We should consider moving the input munging outside the class
instantiation

Stop typechecking the parameter.  We know the type.

The reflections hash is supposed to be private, so let's use the API.

`instantiate` is only called once, so there is no reason to cache the
data structure on the instance and mutate itself.

similar to activerecord/examples/simple.rb

Call `rails plugin new yaffle` in the plugins guide. [ci skip]

It's confusing to not explicitly do this step.

We know the structure passed in to the `construct` method will be a
hash, so we don't need to test it all the time.  The key value will be a
symbol or string, so handle it with the special method

We control the inputs to `construct`, so the wrong type shouldn't be
passed in ever.

different threads.