Nothing is directly using the columns for the default values anymore.
This step helps us get closer not not mutating the columns hash.

Fixes #17170

Explicit route test class

Merge pull request #17305 from ziggythehamster/activerecord-connectionhandling-RAILS_ENV-without-rails

If Rails is not defined, check ENV["RAILS_ENV"] and ENV["RACK_ENV"] in ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling

AM README fixes [ci skip]

- Wrapped text in setting defaults section. Also added break, to a sentence.
[ci skip]

We had accidentally gone one power of two too far. In addition, we need
to handle minimum values as well as the maximum.

Fixes #14180
Fixes #17461

* use public_send instead of send to avoid calling private
  methods in form helpers

Treat strings greater than int max value as out of range

Sufficiently large integers cause `find` and `find_by` to raise
`StatementInvalid` instead of `RecordNotFound` or just returning `nil`.
Given that we can't cast to `nil` for `Integer` like we would with junk
data for other types, we raise a `RangeError` instead, and rescue in
places where it would be highly unexpected to get an exception from
casting.

Fixes #17380

Masked authenticity token section, finder options details, misc typos [ci skip]

It is internal use only. This is to avoid conflicting with users' method
names. Fixes #17458

Arel has changed so that `.sum` no longer aliases `SUM(the_column)` to
`sum_id`. This means the type returned by the adapter will be at the key
`"SUM(the_column)"`. Longer term, we should eventually be able to retain
type information from the AR::Base subclasses used in joined queries

Fixes #17455

[ci skip] fix incorrect key in Active Support Instrumentation guide

Remove redundant `to_s` in interpolation

* master-sec:
  FileHandler should not be called for files outside the root

It was missing from table, but is present in sample hash below

Passing ranges to `#in` has been deprecated in Arel.

Remove redundant `to_s` in interpolation

Faster to call `gsub` with a regexp literal than a string literal

Fix typo [ci skip]

correct GlobalID mixin name in the guides

Update 2.7 & 2.8 of upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md [ci skip]

[ci skip] Fixes typos in section 2.7 "Rails Html Sanitizer", adds content to section 2.8 "Rails DOM Testing"