Follow up to #26362

fix class name typo in bug report templates for Active Job

Improve Getting Started [ci skip]

Added bug report templates for Active Job

Grammar fix

As demonstrated in #25880 the to_time method converts the utc time
instance to a local time instance which is an expensive operation.
Since to_datetime involves similar expensive operations we should
also cache it to speed up comparison with lots of values.

fix document for radio_button [ci skip]

add `# Let's say that @user.receive_newsletter returns "no":` for `def radio_button(object_name, method, tag_value, options = {})`.
fix `# Let's say that @user.category returns "no":` to `# Let's say that @user.receive_newsletter returns "no":`

remove warning from `video_tag`

This removes the following warning.

```
actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb:291: warning: shadowing outer local variable - options
```

Follow up of #25602

Since keys are truncated, ruby 2.4 doesn't accept keys greater than their lenghts.
keys of same value but different lenght and greater than key size of cipher, produce the same results
as reproduced at https://gist.github.com/rhenium/b81355fe816dcfae459cc5eadfc4f6f9
Since our default cipher is 'aes-256-cbc', key length for which is 32 bytes, limit the length of key being passed to Encryptor to 32 bytes.
This continues to support backwards compat with any existing signed data, already encrupted and signed with 32+ byte keys.
Also fixes the passing of this value in multiple tests.

Update Jason Zimdars twitter

I consider the missing deprecation warning a bug fix from
the point of view of the 5.0.x series and forward.

Makes it clearer why we're doing this
Add a comment to elaborate on what the undef means and move it closer
to the deprecations so it's less likely for whoever pulls the
deprecations that it should go too.

Do not allow to_param on AC::Parameters

The fact that this only includes column names is an oversight.

There are some minor changes to the point type as I had forgotten that
this will affect the behavior of `t.point` in migrations and the schema
dumper so we need to handle those as well.

I'll say this again so I can convince myself to come up with a better
structure... TYPES SHOULD NOT CARE ABOUT SCHEMA DUMPING AND WE NEED TO
BETTER SEPARATE THESE.

use `message` that specified in argument to error message

This reverts commit 3a1f6fe7.

This commit takes the code in a direction that I am looking to avoid.
The predicate builder should be purely concerned with AST construction
as it matters to methods like `where`. Things like case sensitivity
should continue to be handled elsewhere.

I still think that this is something that should be handled in the pg
gem, but it's not going to end up happening there so we'll do it here
instead. Once we bump to pg 0.19 we can pass the encoding to the
`encode` method instead.

This issue occurs because C has no concept of encoding (or strings,
really). The bytes that we pass here when sending the value to the
database will always be interpreted as whatever encoding the connection
is currently configured to use. That means that roundtripping to the
database will lose no information

However, after assigning we round trip through our type system without
hitting the database. The only way that we can do the "correct" thin
here would be to actually give a reference to the connection to the
array type and have it check the current value of the connection's
encoding -- which I'm strongly opposed to. We could also pass in the
encoding when it's constructed, but since that can change independently
of the type I'm not a huge fan of that either.

This feels like a reasonable middle ground, where if we have an array of
strings we simply use the encoding of the string we're given.

Fixes #26326.

This was almost every case where we are overriding `respond_to?` in a
way that mirrors a parallel implementation of `method_missing`. There is
one remaining case in Active Model that should probably do the same
thing, but had a sufficiently strange implementation that I want to
investigate it separately.

Fixes #26333.

Make public asset use explicit

Use splat `options` hash for `has_and_belongs_to_many`

Add `Type.default_value` and use it everywhere for internal

If a parent association was accessed in an `after_find` or
`after_initialize` callback, it would always end up loading the
association, and then immediately overwriting the association we just
loaded. If this occurred in a way that the parent's `current_scope` was
set to eager load the child, this would result in an infinite loop and
eventually overflow the stack.

For records that are created with `.new`, we have a mechanism to
perform an action before the callbacks are run. I've introduced the same
code path for records created with `instantiate`, and updated all code
which sets inverse instances on newly loaded associations to use this
block instead.

Fixes #26320.

Refactor remove duplication.