This explanation was change by https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/7a27de2b.
This change reversed the including module (`ActiveModel::Serializers::JSON`)
and the included module (`ActiveModel::Serialization`) by mistake.

Update docs for `formatted_offset`

Output of `formatted_offset` is depends on input so it’s not always in +HH:MM format. Possible outputs are “+5:30”, “+530” or provided alternate UTC string [ci skip]

the caller of `handle_conditional_get!` checks the committed state of
the response, so we don't need to in the subclass.

I'm looking to move towards a tree-like structure for dirty checking
that involves an attribute holding onto the attribute that it was
created from. This means that `changed?` can be fully encapsulated on
that object. Since the objects are immutable, in `changes_applied`, we
can simply perform a shallow dup, instead of a deep one.

I'm not sure if that will actually end up in a performance boost, but
I'd like to semantically separate these concepts regardless

The external uses of this method have been removed, and I'd like to
internally re-use that name, as I'm planning to encapsulate `changed?`
into the attribute object itself.

no more class methods for JoinDependency [ci skip]

`ActiveRecord::Associations::JoinDependency` now it’s own class` and `ActiveRecord::Associations::ThroughAssociationScope` doesn’t exists

Updated docs for transform_keys & transform_values

We're calling this function on an empty hash as part of copying the
attribute set during dirty checking initialization. The new structure
caused a performance regression on loading records from the database.
This causes `User.all.to_a` to perform about 10% faster w/ 10k records.

Calculating -------------------------------------
   User.all - master     9.000  i/100ms
   User.all - sg-fix-ar-regression
                         8.000  i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
   User.all - master     81.236  (± 7.4%) i/s -    405.000
   User.all - sg-fix-ar-regression
                         89.716  (± 7.8%) i/s -    448.000

Make fuzzy sentence more clear

[ci skip]

check if @rake_patterns is defined

This removes the following warning.
```
railties/lib/rails/test_unit/minitest_plugin.rb:45: warning: instance variable @rake_patterns not initialize
```

Fix minor docs [ci skip]

Fix `ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound` error message with custom primary …

[ci skip] Update docs of `AR::Sanitization`

[ci skip] Fix which method `FormHelper#date_field` try to call

minor doc fix [ci skip]

Here `app` needed to be `get` because we're getting a route. This fixes
the typo so the test passes.

Add missing routing tests for info controller

When this method was implemented
(https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/5016/files), `to_date` is called.
But this behavior was chagned refactoring
(https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/6452/files).
In the first commit, there were not test which asserts `to_date` is called.

I think trying `to_date` is more useful than trying `strftime`, because
we can write `"2015-01-01".to_date`. But first fix comments to match
actual behavior.

Added test case for deprecation of Mime.const_defined? and removed use of it

Fix proper fonts in `change_column_null` method docs. [ci skip]

Vaguely related to #21605 where I proposed to remove index route since it was redirecting to the 'routes' action,

but this was kept so I thought it made sense to add some tests regarding this.

[ci skip] Add `Active Model` to a list of independently used modules.

Added test cases where collection partial cached & rendered with different keys 

`inverse_of` on through associations was accidently removed/caused to
stop working in commit f8d2899d which was part of a refactoring on
`ThroughReflection`.

To fix we moved `inverse_of` and `check_validity_of_inverse!` to the
`AbstractReflection` so it's available to the `ThroughReflection`
without having to dup any methods. We then need to delegate `inverse_name`
method in `ThroughReflection`. `inverse_name` can't be moved to
`AbstractReflection` without moving methods that set the instance
variable `@automatic_inverse_of`.

This adds a test that ensures that `inverse_of` on a `ThroughReflection`
returns the correct class name, and the correct record for the inverse
relationship.

Fixes #21692

Fix typo in configuration test descritive > descriptive [ci skip]

* add % style prepared statement and string examples for
  `sanitize_sql_for_conditions`
* add array and string examples for `sanitize_sql_for_assignment`
* add examples for `sanitize_sql_like`
* add % style prepared statement example for `sanitize_sql_array`
* align spaces of exampl code