Remove prepared statement from system query in postgresql adapter

Maximum wait_timeout on Windows is 2147483

Fix Range#sum optimized version

At 1bd4d1c6 was added Range#sum
optimized version for arithmetic progressions. This improvment injected
a defect with not integer range boundaries. The defect was fixed by
e0adfa82. The second commit really
disabled optimization at all because in Ruby integer-valued numbers are
instances of Fixnum and Bignum classes. We should #use is_a?
(#kind_of?) method instead #instance_of? to check if value is numerical:

    1.class                 # => Fixnum
    1.instance_of?(Integer) # => false
    1.is_a?(Integer)        # => true

    -100_000_000_000.class                 # => Bignum
    -100_000_000_000.instance_of?(Integer) # => false
    -100_000_000_000.is_a?(Integer)        # => true

Moreover original implementation of Range#sum has a defect with reverse
range boundaries. If the first boundary is less than the second range is
empty. Current commit fixes and tests this case too.

add `self.` to allow method name using ruby keyword

Fixes build 4008.1

This fixex build 4008.1[1] because of the changes made in

4001835d

[1] http://travis-ci.org/#!/rails/rails/jobs/1429671

Remove Unnecessary Test from route_inspect_test

Quote arguments in db:structure:dump for PostgreSQL.

Using only dup make some tests to not catch up an implementation error
because the methods were changing the nested hashes.

Related to:
https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/541429fbe49b0671adb3842ab1818230d670ef9f#L1R96

View your Routes without waiting on Rake

This includes new tests for /rails/info/routes

Will show similar contents to the output of `$ rake routes` in the browser in development. This speeds the time required to generate routes, since the application is already initialized.

Fixes possible backward incompatibility

Added instructions for backporting changes to guides.

- Many engines rely on being able to join directories to the Rails root:

    Rails.root.join('somedir')

- This was now impossible because Rails.root returned a String:

    NoMethodError: undefined method `join' for "/code/myrailsapp":String

- This was broken in 4001835d

This reverts commit d77b576c.

Add Hash#deep_transform_keys and Hash#deep_transform_keys! Also convert ...

This option was added on cb6f8393
renaming the :wait_timeout option.

Fix build http://travis-ci.org/#!/rails/rails/jobs/1413405

Add Hash#deep_transform_keys and Hash#deep_transform_keys! Also convert deep_*_keys to use deep_transform_keys.

I was looking for instructions on backporting changes the other day and
wasn't able to find it anywhere. I updated the contrib guides based on
the disccusion in #6420, #6215 and #6447.

Add oscardelben to authors

Optimizing all images used in the guides

Add license field to gemspecs, by Matt Griffin

This reverts commit feaa7b35.

Reason: Incorrect change. That's a Rails 4 feature and will not
obviously work in 3.2.3.

[ci skip]

This reverts commit fa6d921e.

Reason: Not a fan of such massive changes. We usually close such changes
if made to Rails master as a pull request. Following the same principle
here and reverting.

[ci skip]

ConnectionPool wait_timeout no longer used for different types of timeouts. #6441