The RFC indicates that username and passwords may be encoded.
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396#section-3.2.2

Found this trying to use the mysql://username:password@host:port/db and having special characters in the password which needed to be URI encoded.

In the end I think the pain of implementing this seamlessly was not
worth the gain provided.

The intention was that it would allow plain ruby objects that might not
live in your main application to be subclassed and have persistence
mixed in. But I've decided that the benefit of doing that is not worth
the amount of complexity that the implementation introduced.

activerecord scope.

Related with 5341b849

This reverts commit 83846838.

Moved activerecord.errors.messages.taken to errors.messages.taken so that translations for, e.g., errors.attributes.email.taken don't get overridden.

Test that the translation for 'taken' can be overridden

This reverts commit 98043c68.

Because if every time `debug.log` is truncated,
developers have no way to see the previous ActiveRecord unit test results.
`debug.log` file can be easily reduced
by executing `$ touch /dev/null > debug.log` periodically.

I think it's going to be too much pain to try to transition the
:active_record load hook from executing against Base to executing
against Model.

For example, after Model is included in Base, and modules included in
Model will no longer get added to the ancestors of Base.

So plugins which wish to be compatible with both Model and Base should
use the :active_record_model load hook which executes *before* Base gets
loaded.

In general, ActiveRecord::Model is an advanced feature at the moment and
probably most people will continue to inherit from ActiveRecord::Base
for the time being.

This reflects the fact that it now impact inserts as well as updates.

In non-strict mode it is '', but if someone is in strict mode then we
should honour the strict semantics.

Also, this removes the need for a completely horrible hack in dirty.rb.

Closes #7780

This is similar to #first_or_create, but slightly different and a nicer
API. See the CHANGELOG/docs in the commit.

Fixes #7853

`ENV['RAILS_ENV']` is not defined unless explicitly specified on the
command line when running `rake db:structure:load`.

attributes

Would incorrectly add duplicated errors when the association was blank. Bug introduced in 1fab518c.

Call super to nullify the reference to the original errors object in the dup'ed object (call ActiveModel::Validations#initialize_dup). Closes #7291

allocations

https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/7166

get scope_value only one time dependig on reflection

Remove parsing of character type default values for 8.1 formatting since
Rails doesn't support postgreSQL 8.1 anymore.

Remove misleading comment unrelated to code.

According to postgreSQL documentation:
(http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.2/static/catalog-pg-attrdef.html)
we should not be using 'adsrc' field because this field is unaware of
outside changes that could affect the way that default values are
represented. Thus, I changed the queries to use
"pg_get_expr(adbin, adrelid)" instead of the historical "adsrc" field.

PostgreSQL adapter properly parses default values when using multiple
schemas and domains.

When using domains across schemas, PostgresSQL prefixes the type of the
default value with the name of the schema where that type (or domain) is.

For example, this query:
```
SELECT a.attname, d.adsrc
FROM pg_attribute a LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d
ON a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND a.attnum = d.adnum
WHERE a.attrelid = "defaults"'::regclass
AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
ORDER BY a.attnum;
```

could return something like "'<default_value>'::pg_catalog.text" or
"(''<default_value>'::pg_catalog.text)::text" for the text columns with
defaults.

I modified the regexp used to parse this value so that it ignores
anything between ':: and \b(?:character varying|bpchar|text), and it
allows to have optional parens like in the above second example.

Before:

Calculating -------------------------------------
                  ar        87 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
                  ar      823.4 (±11.8%) i/s -       4089 in   5.070234s

After:

Calculating -------------------------------------
                  ar        88 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
                  ar      894.1 (±3.9%) i/s -       4488 in   5.028161s

Same test as 3a6dfca7

before:

Calculating -------------------------------------
                  ar        83 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
                  ar      832.1 (±4.0%) i/s -       4233 in   5.096611s

after:

Calculating -------------------------------------
                  ar        87 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
                  ar      839.0 (±9.3%) i/s -       4176 in   5.032782s

Benchmark:

require 'config/environment'
require 'benchmark/ips'

GC.disable

unless User.find_by_login('tater')
  u = User.new
  u.login = 'tater'
  u.save!
end

def active_record
  user = User.find_by_login('tater')
  starred = user.starred_items.count
end

active_record

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("ar") { active_record }
end