Only merge scopes with zero arity in has_many through

with dynamic conditions.

Fixes #16128

This bug was introduced in https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/c35e438620f2d56562251571377995359546393d
so it's present from 4.1.2-rc1 and after.

https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/c35e438620f2d56562251571377995359546393d
merges any relation scopes passed as proc objects to the relation,
but does *not* take into account the arity of the lambda.

To reproduce: https://gist.github.com/Agis-/5f1f0d664d2cd08dfb9b

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

+*   Fix has_many :through relation merging failing when dynamic conditions are
+    passed as a lambda with an arity of one.
+
+    Fixes #16128
+
+    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+
 *   Fixed the `Relation#exists?` to work with polymorphic associations.
 
     Fixes #15821.

activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ def target_scope
           scope = super
           reflection.chain.drop(1).each do |reflection|
             relation = reflection.klass.all
-            relation.merge!(reflection.scope) if reflection.scope
+
+            reflection_scope = reflection.scope
+            if reflection_scope && reflection_scope.arity.zero?
+              relation.merge!(reflection_scope)
+            end
 
             scope.merge!(
               relation.except(:select, :create_with, :includes, :preload, :joins, :eager_load)

activerecord/test/cases/relation/merging_test.rb

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 require 'models/developer'
 require 'models/post'
 require 'models/project'
+require 'models/rating'
 
 class RelationMergingTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   fixtures :developers, :comments, :authors, :posts
@@ -144,4 +145,16 @@ class MergingDifferentRelationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
 
     assert_equal ["Mary", "Mary", "Mary", "David"], posts_by_author_name
   end
+
+  test "relation merging (using a proc  argument)" do
+    dev = Developer.where(name: "Jamis").first
+
+    comment_1 = dev.comments.create!(body: "I'm Jamis", post: Post.first)
+    rating_1 = comment_1.ratings.create!
+
+    comment_2 = dev.comments.create!(body: "I'm John", post: Post.first)
+    rating_2 = comment_2.ratings.create!
+
+    assert_equal dev.ratings, [rating_1]
+  end
 end

activerecord/test/models/comment.rb

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
   belongs_to :post, :counter_cache => true
   belongs_to :author,   polymorphic: true
   belongs_to :resource, polymorphic: true
+  belongs_to :developer
 
   has_many :ratings
 

activerecord/test/models/developer.rb

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ def find_least_recent
   has_many :audit_logs
   has_many :contracts
   has_many :firms, :through => :contracts, :source => :firm
+  has_many :comments, ->(developer) { where(body: "I'm #{developer.name}") }
+  has_many :ratings, through: :comments
 
   scope :jamises, -> { where(:name => 'Jamis') }
 

activerecord/test/schema/schema.rb

@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ def except(adapter_names_to_exclude)
     t.references :author, polymorphic: true
     t.string :resource_id
     t.string :resource_type
+    t.integer :developer_id
   end
 
   create_table :companies, force: true do |t|