Merge branch 'master' into rm-uuid-fixtures

Conflicts:
	activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
	activesupport/CHANGELOG.md

.travis.yml

+services: memcache
 script: 'ci/travis.rb'
 before_install:
   - travis_retry gem install bundler

Gemfile

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ gem 'rack-cache', '~> 1.2'
 gem 'jquery-rails', '~> 3.1.0'
 gem 'turbolinks'
 gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'
+gem 'sprockets-rails', github: 'rails/sprockets-rails', branch: '2-1-stable'
 
 # require: false so bcrypt is loaded only when has_secure_password is used.
 # This is to avoid ActiveModel (and by extension the entire framework)

README.md

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ We encourage you to contribute to Ruby on Rails! Please check out the
 
 ## Code Status
 
-* [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails)
+* [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/rails/rails)
 
 ## License
 

actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/ssl.rb

@@ -32,11 +32,14 @@ def call(env)
 
     private
       def redirect_to_https(request)
-        url        = URI(request.url)
-        url.scheme = "https"
-        url.host   = @host if @host
-        url.port   = @port if @port
-        headers    = { 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Location' => url.to_s }
+        host = @host || request.host
+        port = @port || request.port
+
+        location = "https://#{host}"
+        location << ":#{port}" if port != 80
+        location << request.fullpath
+
+        headers = { 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Location' => location }
 
         [301, headers, []]
       end

actionpack/test/controller/flash_test.rb

@@ -210,20 +210,29 @@ def test_redirect_to_with_other_flashes
   end
 
   def test_redirect_to_with_adding_flash_types
-    @controller.class.add_flash_types :foo
+    original_controller = @controller
+    test_controller_with_flash_type_foo = Class.new(TestController) do
+      add_flash_types :foo
+    end
+    @controller = test_controller_with_flash_type_foo.new
     get :redirect_with_foo_flash
     assert_equal "for great justice", @controller.send(:flash)[:foo]
+  ensure
+    @controller = original_controller
   end
 
-  class SubclassesTestController < TestController; end
-
   def test_add_flash_type_to_subclasses
-    TestController.add_flash_types :foo
-    assert SubclassesTestController._flash_types.include?(:foo)
+    test_controller_with_flash_type_foo = Class.new(TestController) do
+      add_flash_types :foo
+    end
+    subclass_controller_with_no_flash_type = Class.new(test_controller_with_flash_type_foo)
+    assert subclass_controller_with_no_flash_type._flash_types.include?(:foo)
   end
 
-  def test_do_not_add_flash_type_to_parent_class
-    SubclassesTestController.add_flash_types :bar
+  def test_does_not_add_flash_type_to_parent_class
+    Class.new(TestController) do
+      add_flash_types :bar
+    end
     assert_not TestController._flash_types.include?(:bar)
   end
 end

actionpack/test/dispatch/ssl_test.rb

@@ -196,6 +196,13 @@ def test_redirect_to_host_and_port
       response.headers['Location']
   end
 
+  def test_redirect_to_host_with_port
+    self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "ssl.example.org:443")
+    get "http://example.org/path?key=value"
+    assert_equal "https://ssl.example.org:443/path?key=value",
+      response.headers['Location']
+  end
+
   def test_redirect_to_secure_host_when_on_subdomain
     self.app = ActionDispatch::SSL.new(default_app, :host => "ssl.example.org")
     get "http://ssl.example.org/path?key=value"

activemodel/lib/active_model/validations/with.rb

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ module ClassMethods
       #
       # Configuration options:
       # * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active
-      #   (<tt>:create</tt> or <tt>:update</tt>.
+      #   (<tt>:create</tt> or <tt>:update</tt>).
       # * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine
       #   if the validation should occur (e.g. <tt>if: :allow_validation</tt>,
       #   or <tt>if: Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>).

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,34 @@
 
     *Roderick van Domburg*
 
+*   Fixed a problem where an enum would overwrite values of another enum
+    with the same name in an unrelated class.
+
+    Fixes #14607.
+
+    *Evan Whalen*
+
+*   PostgreSQL and SQLite string columns no longer have a default limit of 255.
+
+    Fixes #13435, #9153.
+
+    *Vladimir Sazhin*, *Toms Mikoss*, *Yves Senn*
+
+*   Make possible to have an association called `records`.
+
+    Fixes #11645.
+
+    *prathamesh-sonpatki*
+
+*   `to_sql` on an association now matches the query that is actually executed, where it
+    could previously have incorrectly accrued additional conditions (e.g. as a result of
+    a previous query). CollectionProxy now always defers to the association scope's
+    `arel` method so the (incorrect) inherited one should be entirely concealed.
+
+    Fixes #14003.
+
+    *Jefferson Lai*
+
 *   Block a few default Class methods as scope name.
 
     For instance, this will raise:

activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/collection_association.rb

@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ def build(attributes = {}, &block)
       end
 
       def create(attributes = {}, &block)
-        create_record(attributes, &block)
+        _create_record(attributes, &block)
       end
 
       def create!(attributes = {}, &block)
-        create_record(attributes, true, &block)
+        _create_record(attributes, true, &block)
       end
 
       # Add +records+ to this association. Returns +self+ so method calls may
@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ def transaction(*args)
       #
       # See delete for more info.
       def delete_all(dependent = nil)
-        if dependent.present? && ![:nullify, :delete_all].include?(dependent)
+        if dependent && ![:nullify, :delete_all].include?(dependent)
           raise ArgumentError, "Valid values are :nullify or :delete_all"
         end
 
-        dependent = if dependent.present?
+        dependent = if dependent
                       dependent
                     elsif options[:dependent] == :destroy
                       :delete_all
@@ -449,13 +449,13 @@ def merge_target_lists(persisted, memory)
           persisted + memory
         end
 
-        def create_record(attributes, raise = false, &block)
+        def _create_record(attributes, raise = false, &block)
           unless owner.persisted?
             raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved, "You cannot call create unless the parent is saved"
           end
 
           if attributes.is_a?(Array)
-            attributes.collect { |attr| create_record(attr, raise, &block) }
+            attributes.collect { |attr| _create_record(attr, raise, &block) }
           else
             transaction do
               add_to_target(build_record(attributes)) do |record|

activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/collection_proxy.rb

@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def replace(other_array)
 
       # Deletes all the records from the collection. For +has_many+ associations,
       # the deletion is done according to the strategy specified by the <tt>:dependent</tt>
-      # option. Returns an array with the deleted records.
+      # option.
       #
       # If no <tt>:dependent</tt> option is given, then it will follow the
       # default strategy. The default strategy is <tt>:nullify</tt>. This
@@ -435,11 +435,6 @@ def replace(other_array)
       #   #    ]
       #
       #   person.pets.delete_all
-      #   # => [
-      #   #       #<Pet id: 1, name: "Fancy-Fancy", person_id: 1>,
-      #   #       #<Pet id: 2, name: "Spook", person_id: 1>,
-      #   #       #<Pet id: 3, name: "Choo-Choo", person_id: 1>
-      #   #    ]
       #
       #   Pet.find(1, 2, 3)
       #   # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
@@ -860,6 +855,10 @@ def include?(record)
         !!@association.include?(record)
       end
 
+      def arel
+        scope.arel
+      end
+
       def proxy_association
         @association
       end

activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ def writer(record)
       end
 
       def create(attributes = {}, &block)
-        create_record(attributes, &block)
+        _create_record(attributes, &block)
       end
 
       def create!(attributes = {}, &block)
-        create_record(attributes, true, &block)
+        _create_record(attributes, true, &block)
       end
 
       def build(attributes = {})
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def set_new_record(record)
           replace(record)
         end
 
-        def create_record(attributes, raise_error = false)
+        def _create_record(attributes, raise_error = false)
           record = build_record(attributes)
           yield(record) if block_given?
           saved = record.save

activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb

@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ def save_changed_attribute(attr, value)
         end
       end
 
-      def update_record(*)
+      def _update_record(*)
         partial_writes? ? super(keys_for_partial_write) : super
       end
 
-      def create_record(*)
+      def _create_record(*)
         partial_writes? ? super(keys_for_partial_write) : super
       end
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb

@@ -302,11 +302,11 @@ def create_or_update #:nodoc:
       run_callbacks(:save) { super }
     end
 
-    def create_record #:nodoc:
+    def _create_record #:nodoc:
       run_callbacks(:create) { super }
     end
 
-    def update_record(*) #:nodoc:
+    def _update_record(*) #:nodoc:
       run_callbacks(:update) { super }
     end
   end

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ConnectionUrlResolver # :nodoc:
         def initialize(url)
           raise "Database URL cannot be empty" if url.blank?
           @uri     = URI.parse(url)
-          @adapter = @uri.scheme
+          @adapter = @uri.scheme.gsub('-', '_')
           @adapter = "postgresql" if @adapter == "postgres"
 
           if @uri.opaque
@@ -220,10 +220,10 @@ def resolve_string_connection(spec)
           # an environment key or a URL spec, so we have deprecated
           # this ambiguous behaviour and in the future this function
           # can be removed in favor of resolve_url_connection.
-          if configurations.key?(spec)
+          if configurations.key?(spec) || spec !~ /:/
             ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn "Passing a string to ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection " \
               "for a configuration lookup is deprecated, please pass a symbol (#{spec.to_sym.inspect}) instead"
-            resolve_connection(configurations[spec])
+            resolve_symbol_connection(spec)
           else
             resolve_url_connection(spec)
           end

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/quoting.rb

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ class PostgreSQLAdapter < AbstractAdapter
       module Quoting
         # Escapes binary strings for bytea input to the database.
         def escape_bytea(value)
-          PGconn.escape_bytea(value) if value
+          @connection.escape_bytea(value) if value
         end
 
         # Unescapes bytea output from a database to the binary string it represents.
         # NOTE: This is NOT an inverse of escape_bytea! This is only to be used
         # on escaped binary output from database drive.
         def unescape_bytea(value)
-          PGconn.unescape_bytea(value) if value
+          @connection.unescape_bytea(value) if value
         end
 
         # Quotes PostgreSQL-specific data types for SQL input.

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class Table < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Table
 
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
         primary_key: "serial primary key",
-        string:      { name: "character varying", limit: 255 },
+        string:      { name: "character varying" },
         text:        { name: "text" },
         integer:     { name: "integer" },
         float:       { name: "float" },

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class SQLite3Adapter < AbstractAdapter
 
       NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
         primary_key:  'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL',
-        string:       { name: "varchar", limit: 255 },
+        string:       { name: "varchar" },
         text:         { name: "text" },
         integer:      { name: "integer" },
         float:        { name: "float" },

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb

@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ def establish_connection(spec = nil)
     end
 
     class MergeAndResolveDefaultUrlConfig # :nodoc:
-      def initialize(raw_configurations, url = ENV['DATABASE_URL'])
+      def initialize(raw_configurations)
         @raw_config = raw_configurations.dup
-        @url        = url
+        @env = DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_s
       end
 
       # Returns fully resolved connection hashes.
@@ -71,33 +71,10 @@ def resolve
 
       private
         def config
-          if @url
-            raw_merged_into_default
-          else
-            @raw_config
-          end
-        end
-
-        def raw_merged_into_default
-          default = default_url_hash
-
-          @raw_config.each do |env, values|
-            default[env] = values || {}
-            default[env].merge!("url" => @url) { |h, v1, v2| v1 || v2 } if default[env].is_a?(Hash)
-          end
-          default
-        end
-
-        # When the raw configuration is not present and ENV['DATABASE_URL']
-        # is available we return a hash with the connection information in
-        # the connection URL. This hash responds to any string key with
-        # resolved connection information.
-        def default_url_hash
-          Hash.new do |hash, key|
-            hash[key] = if key.is_a? String
-               ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::ConnectionUrlResolver.new(@url).to_hash
-            else
-              nil
+          @raw_config.dup.tap do |cfg|
+            if url = ENV['DATABASE_URL']
+              cfg[@env] ||= {}
+              cfg[@env]["url"] ||= url
             end
           end
         end

activerecord/lib/active_record/enum.rb

+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/deep_dup'
+
 module ActiveRecord
   # Declare an enum attribute where the values map to integers in the database,
   # but can be queried by name. Example:
@@ -65,10 +67,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
   #
   # Where conditions on an enum attribute must use the ordinal value of an enum.
   module Enum
-    DEFINED_ENUMS = {} # :nodoc:
+    def self.extended(base)
+      base.class_attribute(:defined_enums)
+      base.defined_enums = {}
+    end
 
-    def enum_mapping_for(attr_name) # :nodoc:
-      DEFINED_ENUMS[attr_name.to_s]
+    def inherited(base)
+      base.defined_enums = defined_enums.deep_dup
+      super
     end
 
     def enum(definitions)
@@ -122,9 +128,8 @@ def enum(definitions)
             klass.send(:detect_enum_conflict!, name, value, true)
             klass.scope value, -> { klass.where name => i }
           end
-
-          DEFINED_ENUMS[name.to_s] = enum_values
         end
+        defined_enums[name.to_s] = enum_values
       end
     end
 
@@ -134,7 +139,7 @@ def _enum_methods_module
           mod = Module.new do
             private
               def save_changed_attribute(attr_name, value)
-                if (mapping = self.class.enum_mapping_for(attr_name))
+                if (mapping = self.class.defined_enums[attr_name.to_s])
                   if attribute_changed?(attr_name)
                     old = changed_attributes[attr_name]
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/locking/optimistic.rb

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def increment_lock
           send(lock_col + '=', previous_lock_value + 1)
         end
 
-        def update_record(attribute_names = @attributes.keys) #:nodoc:
+        def _update_record(attribute_names = @attributes.keys) #:nodoc:
           return super unless locking_enabled?
           return 0 if attribute_names.empty?
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/persistence.rb

@@ -484,24 +484,24 @@ def relation_for_destroy
 
     def create_or_update
       raise ReadOnlyRecord if readonly?
-      result = new_record? ? create_record : update_record
+      result = new_record? ? _create_record : _update_record
       result != false
     end
 
     # Updates the associated record with values matching those of the instance attributes.
     # Returns the number of affected rows.
-    def update_record(attribute_names = @attributes.keys)
+    def _update_record(attribute_names = @attributes.keys)
       attributes_values = arel_attributes_with_values_for_update(attribute_names)
       if attributes_values.empty?
         0
       else
-        self.class.unscoped.update_record attributes_values, id, id_was
+        self.class.unscoped._update_record attributes_values, id, id_was
       end
     end
 
     # Creates a record with values matching those of the instance attributes
     # and returns its id.
-    def create_record(attribute_names = @attributes.keys)
+    def _create_record(attribute_names = @attributes.keys)
       attributes_values = arel_attributes_with_values_for_create(attribute_names)
 
       new_id = self.class.unscoped.insert attributes_values

activerecord/lib/active_record/reflection.rb

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ def self.create(macro, name, scope, options, ar)
     end
 
     def self.add_reflection(ar, name, reflection)
-      ar.reflections = ar.reflections.merge(name => reflection)
+      ar.reflections = ar.reflections.merge(name.to_s => reflection)
     end
 
     def self.add_aggregate_reflection(ar, name, reflection)
-      ar.aggregate_reflections = ar.aggregate_reflections.merge(name => reflection)
+      ar.aggregate_reflections = ar.aggregate_reflections.merge(name.to_s => reflection)
     end
 
     # \Reflection enables to interrogate Active Record classes and objects
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def reflect_on_all_aggregations
       #   Account.reflect_on_aggregation(:balance) # => the balance AggregateReflection
       #
       def reflect_on_aggregation(aggregation)
-        aggregate_reflections[aggregation]
+        aggregate_reflections[aggregation.to_s]
       end
 
       # Returns an array of AssociationReflection objects for all the
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def reflect_on_all_associations(macro = nil)
       #   Invoice.reflect_on_association(:line_items).macro  # returns :has_many
       #
       def reflect_on_association(association)
-        reflections[association]
+        reflections[association.to_s]
       end
 
       # Returns an array of AssociationReflection objects for all associations which have <tt>:autosave</tt> enabled.
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ def association_primary_key(klass = nil)
       #   # => [:tag, :tags]
       #
       def source_reflection_names
-        (options[:source] ? [options[:source]] : [name.to_s.singularize, name]).collect { |n| n.to_sym }.uniq
+        options[:source] ? [options[:source]] : [name.to_s.singularize, name].uniq
       end
 
       def source_reflection_name # :nodoc:

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation.rb

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def insert(values) # :nodoc:
         binds)
     end
 
-    def update_record(values, id, id_was) # :nodoc:
+    def _update_record(values, id, id_was) # :nodoc:
       substitutes, binds = substitute_values values
       um = @klass.unscoped.where(@klass.arel_table[@klass.primary_key].eq(id_was || id)).arel.compile_update(substitutes, @klass.primary_key)
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def operation_over_aggregate_column(column, operation, distinct)
 
     def execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct) #:nodoc:
       # Postgresql doesn't like ORDER BY when there are no GROUP BY
-      relation = reorder(nil)
+      relation = unscope(:order)
 
       column_alias = column_name
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb

@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ def merge_multi_values
       def merge_single_values
         relation.from_value          = values[:from] unless relation.from_value
         relation.lock_value          = values[:lock] unless relation.lock_value
-        relation.reverse_order_value = values[:reverse_order]
 
         unless values[:create_with].blank?
           relation.create_with_value = (relation.create_with_value || {}).merge(values[:create_with])

activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb

@@ -825,7 +825,9 @@ def reverse_order
     end
 
     def reverse_order! # :nodoc:
-      self.reverse_order_value = !reverse_order_value
+      orders = order_values.uniq
+      orders.reject!(&:blank?)
+      self.order_values = reverse_sql_order(orders)
       self
     end
 
@@ -871,7 +873,6 @@ def symbol_unscoping(scope)
 
       case scope
       when :order
-        self.reverse_order_value = false
         result = []
       else
         result = [] unless single_val_method
@@ -1031,7 +1032,6 @@ def array_of_strings?(o)
     def build_order(arel)
       orders = order_values.uniq
       orders.reject!(&:blank?)
-      orders = reverse_sql_order(orders) if reverse_order_value
 
       arel.order(*orders) unless orders.empty?
     end

activerecord/lib/active_record/timestamp.rb

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def initialize_dup(other) # :nodoc:
 
   private
 
-    def create_record
+    def _create_record
       if self.record_timestamps
         current_time = current_time_from_proper_timezone
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def create_record
       super
     end
 
-    def update_record(*args)
+    def _update_record(*args)
       if should_record_timestamps?
         current_time = current_time_from_proper_timezone
 

activerecord/lib/active_record/validations/uniqueness.rb

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def deserialize_attribute(record, attribute, value)
       end
 
       def map_enum_attribute(klass, attribute, value)
-        mapping = klass.enum_mapping_for(attribute.to_s)
+        mapping = klass.defined_enums[attribute.to_s]
         value = mapping[value] if value && mapping
         value
       end

activerecord/test/cases/adapters/postgresql/array_test.rb

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def setup
 
   def test_column
     assert_equal :string, @column.type
-    assert_equal "character varying(255)", @column.sql_type
+    assert_equal "character varying", @column.sql_type
     assert @column.array
     assert_not @column.text?
     assert_not @column.number?

activerecord/test/cases/adapters/postgresql/bytea_test.rb

@@ -70,6 +70,23 @@ def test_write_value
     assert_equal(data, record.payload)
   end
 
+  def test_via_to_sql
+    data = "'\u001F\\"
+    record = ByteaDataType.create(payload: data)
+    sql = ByteaDataType.where(payload: data).select(:payload).to_sql
+    result = @connection.query(sql)
+    assert_equal([[data]], result)
+  end
+
+  def test_via_to_sql_with_complicating_connection
+    Thread.new do
+      other_conn = ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+      other_conn.execute('SET standard_conforming_strings = off')
+    end.join
+
+    test_via_to_sql
+  end
+
   def test_write_binary
     data = File.read(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', '..', '..', 'assets', 'example.log'))
     assert(data.size > 1)

activerecord/test/cases/associations/belongs_to_associations_test.rb

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 require 'models/toy'
 require 'models/invoice'
 require 'models/line_item'
+require 'models/column'
+require 'models/record'
 
 class BelongsToAssociationsTest < ActiveRecord::TestCase
   fixtures :accounts, :companies, :developers, :projects, :topics,
@@ -885,4 +887,10 @@ def test_reflect_the_most_recent_change
       end
     end
   end
+
+  test 'belongs_to works with model called Record' do
+    record = Record.create!
+    Column.create! record: record
+    assert_equal 1, Column.count
+  end
 end

activerecord/test/cases/calculations_test.rb

@@ -387,6 +387,20 @@ def test_count_with_too_many_parameters_raises
     assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Account.count(1, 2, 3) }
   end
 
+  def test_count_with_order
+    assert_equal 6, Account.order(:credit_limit).count
+  end
+
+  def test_count_with_reverse_order
+    assert_equal 6, Account.order(:credit_limit).reverse_order.count
+  end
+
+  def test_count_with_where_and_order
+    assert_equal 1, Account.where(firm_name: '37signals').count
+    assert_equal 1, Account.where(firm_name: '37signals').order(:firm_name).count
+    assert_equal 1, Account.where(firm_name: '37signals').order(:firm_name).reverse_order.count
+  end
+
   def test_should_sum_expression
     # Oracle adapter returns floating point value 636.0 after SUM
     if current_adapter?(:OracleAdapter)

activerecord/test/cases/connection_adapters/connection_handler_test.rb

@@ -25,35 +25,45 @@ def spec(spec, config)
         ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(klass.new(config).resolve).spec(spec)
       end
 
-      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_known_key
+      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_current_env_symbol_key
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
-        config   = { "production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
-        actual   = resolve(:production, config)
+        config   = { "not_production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
+        actual   = resolve(:default_env, config)
         expected = { "adapter"=>"postgresql", "database"=>"foo", "host"=>"localhost" }
         assert_equal expected, actual
       end
 
-      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_known_string_key
+      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_and_current_env_string_key
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
-        config   = { "production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
-        actual   = assert_deprecated { resolve("production", config) }
+        config   = { "default_env" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
+        actual   = assert_deprecated { resolve("default_env", config) }
         expected = { "adapter"=>"postgresql", "database"=>"foo", "host"=>"localhost" }
         assert_equal expected, actual
       end
 
-      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_unknown_symbol_key
+      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_known_key
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
-        config   = { "not_production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
+        config   = { "production" => { "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo", "host" => "localhost" } }
         actual   = resolve(:production, config)
-        expected = { "adapter"=>"postgresql", "database"=>"foo", "host"=>"localhost" }
+        expected = { "adapter"=>"not_postgres", "database"=>"not_foo", "host"=>"localhost" }
         assert_equal expected, actual
       end
 
-      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_unknown_string_key
+      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_unknown_symbol_key
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
         config   = { "not_production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
         assert_raises AdapterNotSpecified do
-          spec("production", config)
+          resolve(:production, config)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def test_resolver_with_database_uri_and_unknown_string_key
+        ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
+        config   = { "not_production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
+        assert_deprecated do
+          assert_raises AdapterNotSpecified do
+            spec("production", config)
+          end
         end
       end
 
@@ -73,16 +83,24 @@ def test_jdbc_url
 
       def test_environment_does_not_exist_in_config_url_does_exist
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
-        config      = { "not_production" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
+        config      = { "not_default_env" => {  "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo" } }
         actual      = klass.new(config).resolve
         expect_prod = { "adapter"=>"postgresql", "database"=>"foo", "host"=>"localhost" }
-        assert_equal expect_prod, actual["production"]
+        assert_equal expect_prod, actual["default_env"]
+      end
+
+      def test_url_with_hyphenated_scheme
+        ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "ibm-db://localhost/foo"
+        config   = { "default_env" => { "adapter" => "not_postgres", "database" => "not_foo", "host" => "localhost" } }
+        actual   = resolve(:default_env, config)
+        expected = { "adapter"=>"ibm_db", "database"=>"foo", "host"=>"localhost" }
+        assert_equal expected, actual
       end
 
       def test_string_connection
-        config   = { "production" => "postgres://localhost/foo" }
+        config   = { "default_env" => "postgres://localhost/foo" }
         actual   = klass.new(config).resolve
-        expected = { "production" =>
+        expected = { "default_env" =>
                      { "adapter"  => "postgresql",
                        "database" => "foo",
                        "host"     => "localhost"
@@ -92,9 +110,9 @@ def test_string_connection
       end
 
       def test_url_sub_key
-        config   = { "production" => { "url" => "postgres://localhost/foo" } }
+        config   = { "default_env" => { "url" => "postgres://localhost/foo" } }
         actual   = klass.new(config).resolve
-        expected = { "production" =>
+        expected = { "default_env" =>
                      { "adapter"  => "postgresql",
                        "database" => "foo",
                        "host"     => "localhost"
@@ -123,9 +141,10 @@ def test_blank_with_database_url
         expected = { "adapter"  => "postgresql",
                      "database" => "foo",
                      "host"     => "localhost" }
-        assert_equal expected, actual["production"]
-        assert_equal expected, actual["development"]
-        assert_equal expected, actual["test"]
+        assert_equal expected, actual["default_env"]
+        assert_equal nil,      actual["production"]
+        assert_equal nil,      actual["development"]
+        assert_equal nil,      actual["test"]
         assert_equal nil,      actual[:production]
         assert_equal nil,      actual[:development]
         assert_equal nil,      actual[:test]
@@ -134,9 +153,9 @@ def test_blank_with_database_url
       def test_url_sub_key_with_database_url
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "NOT-POSTGRES://localhost/NOT_FOO"
 
-        config   = { "production" => { "url" => "postgres://localhost/foo" } }
+        config   = { "default_env" => { "url" => "postgres://localhost/foo" } }
         actual   = klass.new(config).resolve
-        expected = { "production" =>
+        expected = { "default_env" =>
                     { "adapter"  => "postgresql",
                        "database" => "foo",
                        "host"     => "localhost"
@@ -148,9 +167,9 @@ def test_url_sub_key_with_database_url
       def test_merge_no_conflicts_with_database_url
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
 
-        config   = {"production" => { "pool" => "5" } }
+        config   = {"default_env" => { "pool" => "5" } }
         actual   = klass.new(config).resolve
-        expected = { "production" =>
+        expected = { "default_env" =>
                      { "adapter"  => "postgresql",
                        "database" => "foo",
                        "host"     => "localhost",
@@ -163,9 +182,9 @@ def test_merge_no_conflicts_with_database_url
       def test_merge_conflicts_with_database_url
         ENV['DATABASE_URL'] = "postgres://localhost/foo"
 
-        config   = {"production" => { "adapter" => "NOT-POSTGRES", "database" => "NOT-FOO", "pool" => "5" } }
+        config   = {"default_env" => { "adapter" => "NOT-POSTGRES", "database" => "NOT-FOO", "pool" => "5" } }
         actual   = klass.new(config).resolve
-        expected = { "production" =>
+        expected = { "default_env" =>
                      { "adapter"  => "postgresql",
                        "database" => "foo",
                        "host"     => "localhost",

activerecord/test/cases/enum_test.rb

@@ -250,4 +250,40 @@ def self.name; 'Book'; end
     valid_book = klass.new(status: "written")
     assert valid_book.valid?
   end
+
+  test "enums are distinct per class" do
+    klass1 = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "books"
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written]
+    end
+
+    klass2 = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
+      self.table_name = "books"
+      enum status: [:drafted, :uploaded]
+    end
+
+    book1 = klass1.proposed.create!
+    book1.status = :written
+    assert_equal ['proposed', 'written'], book1.status_change
+
+    book2 = klass2.drafted.create!
+    book2.status = :uploaded
+    assert_equal ['drafted', 'uploaded'], book2.status_change
+  end
+
+  test "enums are inheritable" do
+    subklass1 = Class.new(Book)
+
+    subklass2 = Class.new(Book) do
+      enum status: [:drafted, :uploaded]
+    end
+
+    book1 = subklass1.proposed.create!
+    book1.status = :written
+    assert_equal ['proposed', 'written'], book1.status_change
+
+    book2 = subklass2.drafted.create!
+    book2.status = :uploaded
+    assert_equal ['drafted', 'uploaded'], book2.status_change
+  end
 end

activerecord/test/cases/migration/column_attributes_test.rb

@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ def test_add_remove_single_field_using_symbol_arguments
         assert_no_column TestModel, :last_name
       end
 
+      def test_add_column_without_limit
+        # TODO: limit: nil should work with all adapters.
+        skip "MySQL wrongly enforces a limit of 255" if current_adapter?(:MysqlAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter)
+        add_column :test_models, :description, :string, limit: nil
+        TestModel.reset_column_information
+        assert_nil TestModel.columns_hash["description"].limit
+      end
+
       if current_adapter?(:MysqlAdapter, :Mysql2Adapter)
         def test_unabstracted_database_dependent_types
           add_column :test_models, :intelligence_quotient, :tinyint

activerecord/test/cases/reflection_test.rb

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def test_content_columns
 
   def test_column_string_type_and_limit
     assert_equal :string, @first.column_for_attribute("title").type
-    assert_equal 255, @first.column_for_attribute("title").limit
+    assert_equal 250, @first.column_for_attribute("title").limit
   end
 
   def test_column_null_not_null
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ def test_association_reflection_in_modules
   end
 
   def test_reflection_should_not_raise_error_when_compared_to_other_object
-    assert_nothing_raised { Firm.reflections[:clients] == Object.new }
+    assert_nothing_raised { Firm.reflections['clients'] == Object.new }
   end
 
   def test_has_many_through_reflection

activerecord/test/cases/relation/mutation_test.rb

@@ -107,10 +107,18 @@ def relation
     end
 
     test 'reverse_order!' do
-      assert relation.reverse_order!.equal?(relation)
-      assert relation.reverse_order_value
+      relation = Post.order('title ASC, comments_count DESC')
+
+      relation.reverse_order!
+
+      assert_equal 'title DESC', relation.order_values.first
+      assert_equal 'comments_count ASC', relation.order_values.last
+
+
       relation.reverse_order!
-      assert !relation.reverse_order_value
+
+      assert_equal 'title ASC', relation.order_values.first
+      assert_equal 'comments_count DESC', relation.order_values.last
     end
 
     test 'create_with!' do

activerecord/test/cases/relations_test.rb

@@ -573,6 +573,12 @@ def test_to_sql_on_eager_join
     assert_equal expected, actual
   end
 
+  def test_to_sql_on_scoped_proxy
+    auth = Author.first
+    Post.where("1=1").written_by(auth)
+    assert_not auth.posts.to_sql.include?("1=1")
+  end
+
   def test_loading_with_one_association_with_non_preload
     posts = Post.eager_load(:last_comment).order('comments.id DESC')
     post = posts.find { |p| p.id == 1 }
@@ -1418,6 +1424,18 @@ def test_automatically_added_reorder_references
     assert_equal [], scope.references_values
   end
 
+  def test_order_with_reorder_nil_removes_the_order
+    relation = Post.order(:title).reorder(nil)
+
+    assert_nil relation.order_values.first
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_order_with_reorder_nil_removes_the_order
+    relation = Post.order(:title).reverse_order.reorder(nil)
+
+    assert_nil relation.order_values.first
+  end
+
   def test_presence
     topics = Topic.all
 

activerecord/test/models/column.rb

+class Column < ActiveRecord::Base
+  belongs_to :record
+end

activerecord/test/models/post.rb

@@ -149,6 +149,10 @@ def self.top(limit)
     ranked_by_comments.limit_by(limit)
   end
 
+  def self.written_by(author)
+    where(id: author.posts.pluck(:id))
+  end
+
   def self.reset_log
     @log = []
   end

activerecord/test/models/record.rb

+class Record < ActiveRecord::Base
+end

activerecord/test/models/tag.rb

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :taggables, :through => :taggings
   has_one  :tagging
 
-  has_many :tagged_posts, :through => :taggings, :source => :taggable, :source_type => 'Post'
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+  has_many :tagged_posts, :through => :taggings, :source => 'taggable', :source_type => 'Post'
+end

activerecord/test/schema/schema.rb

@@ -170,6 +170,10 @@ def create_table(*args, &block)
     t.integer :references, null: false
   end
 
+  create_table :columns, force: true do |t|
+    t.references :record
+  end
+
   create_table :comments, force: true do |t|
     t.integer :post_id, null: false
     # use VARCHAR2(4000) instead of CLOB datatype as CLOB data type has many limitations in
@@ -682,7 +686,7 @@ def create_table(*args, &block)
   end
 
   create_table :topics, force: true do |t|
-    t.string   :title
+    t.string   :title, limit: 250
     t.string   :author_name
     t.string   :author_email_address
     if mysql_56?
@@ -828,6 +832,8 @@ def create_table(*args, &block)
     t.integer :department_id
   end
 
+  create_table :records, force: true do |t|
+  end
 
   except 'SQLite' do
     # fk_test_has_fk should be before fk_test_has_pk

activesupport/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,6 +3,40 @@
 
     *Roderick van Domburg*
 
+*   Fixed `ActiveSupport::Duration#eql?` so that `1.second.eql?(1.second)` is
+    true.
+
+    This fixes the current situation of:
+
+        1.second.eql?(1.second) #=> false
+
+    `eql?` also requires that the other object is an `ActiveSupport::Duration`.
+    This requirement makes `ActiveSupport::Duration`'s behavior consistent with
+    the behavior of Ruby's numeric types:
+
+        1.eql?(1.0) #=> false
+        1.0.eql?(1) #=> false
+
+        1.second.eql?(1) #=> false (was true)
+        1.eql?(1.second) #=> false
+
+        { 1 => "foo", 1.0 => "bar" }
+        #=> { 1 => "foo", 1.0 => "bar" }
+
+        { 1 => "foo", 1.second => "bar" }
+        # now => { 1 => "foo", 1.second => "bar" }
+        # was => { 1 => "bar" }
+
+    And though the behavior of these hasn't changed, for reference:
+
+        1 == 1.0 #=> true
+        1.0 == 1 #=> true
+
+        1 == 1.second #=> true
+        1.second == 1 #=> true
+
+    *Emily Dobervich*
+
 *   `ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#prepend` acts like `String#prepend` and modifies
     instance in-place, returning self. `ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#prepend!` is
     deprecated.

activesupport/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb

 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
+require 'active_support/per_thread_registry'
 
 module ActiveSupport
   module Cache

activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb

@@ -131,8 +131,6 @@ def self.build(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config, filt
           end
         end
 
-        private
-
         def self.halting_and_conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions, halted_lambda, filter)
           lambda { |env|
             target = env.target
@@ -149,6 +147,7 @@ def self.halting_and_conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions,
             next_callback.call env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :halting_and_conditional
 
         def self.halting(next_callback, user_callback, halted_lambda, filter)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -166,6 +165,7 @@ def self.halting(next_callback, user_callback, halted_lambda, filter)
             next_callback.call env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :halting
 
         def self.conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ def self.conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
             next_callback.call env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :conditional
 
         def self.simple(next_callback, user_callback)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -185,6 +186,7 @@ def self.simple(next_callback, user_callback)
             next_callback.call env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :simple
       end
 
       class After
@@ -208,8 +210,6 @@ def self.build(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config)
           end
         end
 
-        private
-
         def self.halting_and_conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
           lambda { |env|
             env = next_callback.call env
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ def self.halting_and_conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
             env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :halting_and_conditional
 
         def self.halting(next_callback, user_callback)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ def self.halting(next_callback, user_callback)
             env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :halting
 
         def self.conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -246,6 +248,7 @@ def self.conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
             env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :conditional
 
         def self.simple(next_callback, user_callback)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -254,6 +257,7 @@ def self.simple(next_callback, user_callback)
             env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :simple
       end
 
       class Around
@@ -269,8 +273,6 @@ def self.build(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions, chain_config)
           end
         end
 
-        private
-
         def self.halting_and_conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
           lambda { |env|
             target = env.target
@@ -288,6 +290,7 @@ def self.halting_and_conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
             end
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :halting_and_conditional
 
         def self.halting(next_callback, user_callback)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -305,6 +308,7 @@ def self.halting(next_callback, user_callback)
             end
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :halting
 
         def self.conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -322,6 +326,7 @@ def self.conditional(next_callback, user_callback, user_conditions)
             end
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :conditional
 
         def self.simple(next_callback, user_callback)
           lambda { |env|
@@ -332,6 +337,7 @@ def self.simple(next_callback, user_callback)
             env
           }
         end
+        private_class_method :simple
       end
     end
 

activesupport/lib/active_support/duration.rb

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ def ==(other)
       end
     end
 
+    def eql?(other)
+      other.is_a?(Duration) && self == other
+    end
+
     def self.===(other) #:nodoc:
       other.is_a?(Duration)
     rescue ::NoMethodError

activesupport/test/core_ext/duration_test.rb

@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ def test_equals
     assert !(1.day == 'foo')
   end
 
+  def test_eql
+    assert 1.minute.eql?(1.minute)
+    assert 2.days.eql?(48.hours)
+    assert !1.second.eql?(1)
+    assert !1.eql?(1.second)
+  end
+
   def test_inspect
     assert_equal '0 seconds',                       0.seconds.inspect
     assert_equal '1 month',                         1.month.inspect

activesupport/test/xml_mini_test.rb

 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'active_support/xml_mini'
 require 'active_support/builder'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/hash'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/big_decimal'
 
 module XmlMiniTest
   class RenameKeyTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
@@ -88,6 +91,61 @@ def to_xml(options) options[:builder].yo(options[:root].to_s) end
       assert_xml "<b>Howdy</b>"
     end
 
+    test "#to_tag should use the type value in the options hash" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, "blue", @options.merge(type: 'color'))
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"color\">blue</b>" )
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts symbol types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, :name, @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"symbol\">name</b>" )
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts boolean types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, true, @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"boolean\">true</b>")
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts float types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, 3.14, @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"float\">3.14</b>")
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts decimal types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, ::BigDecimal.new("1.2"), @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"decimal\">1.2</b>")
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts date types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, Date.new(2001,2,3), @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"date\">2001-02-03</b>")
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts datetime types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, DateTime.new(2001,2,3,4,5,6,'+7'), @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"dateTime\">2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00</b>")
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts time types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, Time.new(1993, 02, 24, 12, 0, 0, "+09:00"), @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"dateTime\">1993-02-24T12:00:00+09:00</b>")
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts array types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, ["first_name", "last_name"], @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b type=\"array\"><b>first_name</b><b>last_name</b></b>" )
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag accepts hash types" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, { first_name: "Bob", last_name: "Marley" }, @options)
+      assert_xml( "<b><first-name>Bob</first-name><last-name>Marley</last-name></b>" )
+    end
+
+    test "#to_tag should not add type when skip types option is set" do
+      @xml.to_tag(:b, "Bob", @options.merge(skip_types: 1))
+      assert_xml( "<b>Bob</b>" )
+    end
+
     test "#to_tag should dasherize the space when passed a string with spaces as a key" do
       @xml.to_tag("New   York", 33, @options)
       assert_xml "<New---York type=\"integer\">33</New---York>"
@@ -97,7 +155,6 @@ def to_xml(options) options[:builder].yo(options[:root].to_s) end
       @xml.to_tag(:"New   York", 33, @options)
       assert_xml "<New---York type=\"integer\">33</New---York>"
     end
-    # TODO: test the remaining functions hidden in #to_tag.
   end
 
   class WithBackendTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase

guides/CHANGELOG.md

+*   Updates the maintenance policy to match the latest versions of Rails
+
+    *Matias Korhonen*
+
 *   Switched the order of `Applying a default scope` and `Merging of scopes` subsections so default scopes are introduced first.
 
     *Alex Riabov*

guides/source/asset_pipeline.md

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ When a file is referenced from a manifest or a helper, Sprockets searches the
 three default asset locations for it.
 
 The default locations are: the `images`, `javascripts` and `stylesheets`
-directories under the `apps/assets` folder, but these subdirectories
+directories under the `app/assets` folder, but these subdirectories
 are not special - any path under `assets/*` will be searched.
 
 For example, these files:
@@ -581,23 +581,8 @@ runtime. To disable this behavior you can set:
 config.assets.raise_runtime_errors = false
 ```
 
-When `raise_runtime_errors` is set to `false` sprockets will not check that dependencies of assets are declared properly. Here is a scenario where you must tell the asset pipeline about a dependency:
-
-If you have `application.css.erb` that references `logo.png` like this:
-
-```css
-#logo { background: url(<%= asset_data_uri 'logo.png' %>) }
-```
-
-Then you must declare that `logo.png` is a dependency of `application.css.erb`, so when the image gets re-compiled, the css file does as well. You can do this using the `//= depend_on_asset` declaration:
-
-```css
-//= depend_on_asset "logo.png"
-#logo { background: url(<%= asset_data_uri 'logo.png' %>) }
-```
-
-Without this declaration you may experience strange behavior when pushing to production that is difficult to debug. When you have `raise_runtime_errors` set to `true`, dependencies will be checked at runtime so you can ensure that all dependencies are met.
-
+When this option is true asset pipeline will check if all the assets loaded in your application
+are included in the `config.assets.precompile` list.
 
 ### Turning Debugging Off
 
@@ -943,7 +928,7 @@ gem.
 ```ruby
 config.assets.css_compressor = :yui
 ```
-The other option for compressing CSS if you have the sass-rails gem installed is 
+The other option for compressing CSS if you have the sass-rails gem installed is
 
 ```ruby
 config.assets.css_compressor = :sass
@@ -1018,7 +1003,7 @@ The X-Sendfile header is a directive to the web server to ignore the response
 from the application, and instead serve a specified file from disk. This option
 is off by default, but can be enabled if your server supports it. When enabled,
 this passes responsibility for serving the file to the web server, which is
-faster. Have a look at [send_file](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/DataStreaming.html#method-i-send_file) 
+faster. Have a look at [send_file](http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/DataStreaming.html#method-i-send_file)
 on how to use this feature.
 
 Apache and nginx support this option, which can be enabled in

guides/source/development_dependencies_install.md

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ This command will install all dependencies except the MySQL and PostgreSQL Ruby
 
 NOTE: If you would like to run the tests that use memcached, you need to ensure that you have it installed and running.
 
-You can use homebrew to install memcached on OSX:
+You can use [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/) to install memcached on OSX:
 
 ```bash
 $ brew install memcached
@@ -210,6 +210,14 @@ FreeBSD users will have to run the following:
 # pkg_add -r postgresql92-client postgresql92-server
 ```
 
+You can use [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/) to install MySQL and PostgreSQL on OSX:
+
+```bash
+$ brew install mysql
+$ brew install postgresql
+```
+Follow instructions given by [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/) to start these.
+
 Or install them through ports (they are located under the `databases` folder).
 If you run into troubles during the installation of MySQL, please see
 [the MySQL documentation](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/freebsd-installation.html).
@@ -245,10 +253,15 @@ $ bundle exec rake mysql:build_databases
 ```
 
 PostgreSQL's authentication works differently. A simple way to set up the development environment for example is to run with your development account
+This is not needed when installed via [Homebrew](http://brew.sh).
 
 ```bash
 $ sudo -u postgres createuser --superuser $USER
 ```
+And for OS X (when installed via [Homebrew](http://brew.sh))
+```bash
+$ createuser --superuser $USER
+```
 
 and then create the test databases with
 

guides/source/initialization.md

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ is called.
 COMMAND_WHITELIST = %(plugin generate destroy console server dbconsole application runner new version help)
 
 def run_command!(command)
+  command = parse_command(command)
   if COMMAND_WHITELIST.include?(command)
     send(command)
   else
@@ -178,8 +179,7 @@ With the `server` command, Rails will further run the following code:
 
 ```ruby
 def set_application_directory!
-  Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('../../', APP_PATH)) unless
-  File.exist?(File.expand_path("config.ru"))
+  Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('../../', APP_PATH)) unless File.exist?(File.expand_path("config.ru"))
 end
 
 def server
@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@ def server
   require_command!("server")
 
   Rails::Server.new.tap do |server|
+    # We need to require application after the server sets environment,
+    # otherwise the --environment option given to the server won't propagate.
     require APP_PATH
     Dir.chdir(Rails.application.root)
     server.start
@@ -207,6 +209,7 @@ sets up the `Rails::Server` class.
 require 'fileutils'
 require 'optparse'
 require 'action_dispatch'
+require 'rails'
 
 module Rails
   class Server < ::Rack::Server
@@ -273,7 +276,7 @@ def parse_options(args)
   # http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/docs/cgi/cl.html
   args.clear if ENV.include?("REQUEST_METHOD")
 
-  options.merge! opt_parser.parse! args
+  options.merge! opt_parser.parse!(args)
   options[:config] = ::File.expand_path(options[:config])
   ENV["RACK_ENV"] = options[:environment]
   options
@@ -284,13 +287,16 @@ With the `default_options` set to this:
 
 ```ruby
 def default_options
+  environment  = ENV['RACK_ENV'] || 'development'
+  default_host = environment == 'development' ? 'localhost' : '0.0.0.0'
+
   {
-    environment: ENV['RACK_ENV'] || "development",
-    pid:         nil,
-    Port:        9292,
-    Host:        "0.0.0.0",
-    AccessLog:   [],
-    config:      "config.ru"
+    :environment => environment,
+    :pid         => nil,
+    :Port        => 9292,
+    :Host        => default_host,
+    :AccessLog   => [],
+    :config      => "config.ru"
   }
 end
 ```
@@ -348,6 +354,7 @@ private
   def print_boot_information
     ...
     puts "=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options"
+    ...
     puts "=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server" unless options[:daemonize]
   end
 
@@ -434,7 +441,11 @@ The `app` method here is defined like so:
 
 ```ruby
 def app
-  @app ||= begin
+  @app ||= options[:builder] ? build_app_from_string : build_app_and_options_from_config
+end
+...
+private
+  def build_app_and_options_from_config
     if !::File.exist? options[:config]
       abort "configuration #{options[:config]} not found"
     end
@@ -443,7 +454,10 @@ def app
     self.options.merge! options
     app
   end
-end
+
+  def build_app_from_string
+    Rack::Builder.new_from_string(self.options[:builder])
+  end
 ```
 
 The `options[:config]` value defaults to `config.ru` which contains this:
@@ -459,8 +473,14 @@ run <%= app_const %>
 The `Rack::Builder.parse_file` method here takes the content from this `config.ru` file and parses it using this code:
 
 ```ruby
-app = eval "Rack::Builder.new {( " + cfgfile + "\n )}.to_app",
-    TOPLEVEL_BINDING, config
+app = new_from_string cfgfile, config
+
+...
+
+def self.new_from_string(builder_script, file="(rackup)")
+  eval "Rack::Builder.new {\n" + builder_script + "\n}.to_app",
+    TOPLEVEL_BINDING, file, 0
+end
 ```
 
 The `initialize` method of `Rack::Builder` will take the block here and execute it within an instance of `Rack::Builder`. This is where the majority of the initialization process of Rails happens. The `require` line for `config/environment.rb` in `config.ru` is the first to run:
@@ -473,11 +493,22 @@ require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__)
 
 This file is the common file required by `config.ru` (`rails server`) and Passenger. This is where these two ways to run the server meet; everything before this point has been Rack and Rails setup.
 
-This file begins with requiring `config/application.rb`.
+This file begins with requiring `config/application.rb`:
+
+```ruby
+require File.expand_path('../application', __FILE__)
+```
 
 ### `config/application.rb`
 
-This file requires `config/boot.rb`, but only if it hasn't been required before, which would be the case in `rails server` but **wouldn't** be the case with Passenger.
+This file requires `config/boot.rb`:
+
+```ruby
+require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
+```
+
+But only if it hasn't been required before, which would be the case in `rails server`
+but **wouldn't** be the case with Passenger.
 
 Then the fun begins!
 
@@ -498,11 +529,12 @@ This file is responsible for requiring all the individual frameworks of Rails:
 require "rails"
 
 %w(
-    active_record
-    action_controller
-    action_mailer
-    rails/test_unit
-    sprockets
+  active_record
+  action_controller
+  action_view
+  action_mailer
+  rails/test_unit
+  sprockets
 ).each do |framework|
   begin
     require "#{framework}/railtie"
@@ -568,7 +600,7 @@ initializers (like building the middleware stack) are run last. The `railtie`
 initializers are the initializers which have been defined on the `Rails::Application`
 itself and are run between the `bootstrap` and `finishers`.
 
-After this is done we go back to `Rack::Server`
+After this is done we go back to `Rack::Server`.
 
 ### Rack: lib/rack/server.rb
 
@@ -576,7 +608,11 @@ Last time we left when the `app` method was being defined:
 
 ```ruby
 def app
-  @app ||= begin
+  @app ||= options[:builder] ? build_app_from_string : build_app_and_options_from_config
+end
+...
+private
+  def build_app_and_options_from_config
     if !::File.exist? options[:config]
       abort "configuration #{options[:config]} not found"
     end
@@ -585,7 +621,10 @@ def app
     self.options.merge! options
     app
   end
-end
+
+  def build_app_from_string
+    Rack::Builder.new_from_string(self.options[:builder])
+  end
 ```
 
 At this point `app` is the Rails app itself (a middleware), and what
@@ -611,40 +650,50 @@ server.run wrapped_app, options, &blk
 ```
 
 At this point, the implementation of `server.run` will depend on the
-server you're using. For example, if you were using Mongrel, here's what
+server you're using. For example, if you were using Puma, here's what
 the `run` method would look like:
 
 ```ruby
-def self.run(app, options={})
-  server = ::Mongrel::HttpServer.new(
-    options[:Host]           || '0.0.0.0',
-    options[:Port]           || 8080,
-    options[:num_processors] || 950,
-    options[:throttle]       || 0,
-    options[:timeout]        || 60)
-  # Acts like Rack::URLMap, utilizing Mongrel's own path finding methods.
-  # Use is similar to #run, replacing the app argument with a hash of
-  # { path=>app, ... } or an instance of Rack::URLMap.
-  if options[:map]
-    if app.is_a? Hash
-      app.each do |path, appl|
-        path = '/'+path unless path[0] == ?/
-        server.register(path, Rack::Handler::Mongrel.new(appl))
-      end
-    elsif app.is_a? URLMap
-      app.instance_variable_get(:@mapping).each do |(host, path, appl)|
-       next if !host.nil? && !options[:Host].nil? && options[:Host] != host
-       path = '/'+path unless path[0] == ?/
-       server.register(path, Rack::Handler::Mongrel.new(appl))
-      end
-    else
-      raise ArgumentError, "first argument should be a Hash or URLMap"
-    end
-  else
-    server.register('/', Rack::Handler::Mongrel.new(app))
+...
+DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
+  :Host => '0.0.0.0',
+  :Port => 8080,
+  :Threads => '0:16',
+  :Verbose => false
+}
+
+def self.run(app, options = {})
+  options  = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options)
+
+  if options[:Verbose]
+    app = Rack::CommonLogger.new(app, STDOUT)
   end
+
+  if options[:environment]
+    ENV['RACK_ENV'] = options[:environment].to_s
+  end
+
+  server   = ::Puma::Server.new(app)
+  min, max = options[:Threads].split(':', 2)
+
+  puts "Puma #{::Puma::Const::PUMA_VERSION} starting..."
+  puts "* Min threads: #{min}, max threads: #{max}"
+  puts "* Environment: #{ENV['RACK_ENV']}"
+  puts "* Listening on tcp://#{options[:Host]}:#{options[:Port]}"
+
+  server.add_tcp_listener options[:Host], options[:Port]
+  server.min_threads = min
+  server.max_threads = max
   yield server if block_given?
-  server.run.join
+
+  begin
+    server.run.join
+  rescue Interrupt
+    puts "* Gracefully stopping, waiting for requests to finish"
+    server.stop(true)
+    puts "* Goodbye!"
+  end
+
 end
 ```
 
@@ -654,4 +703,4 @@ the last piece of our journey in the Rails initialization process.
 This high level overview will help you understand when your code is
 executed and how, and overall become a better Rails developer. If you
 still want to know more, the Rails source code itself is probably the
-best place to go next.
+best place to go next.
\ No newline at end of file

guides/source/maintenance_policy.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Only the latest release series will receive bug fixes. When enough bugs are
 fixed and its deemed worthy to release a new gem, this is the branch it happens
 from.
 
-**Currently included series:** 4.0.z
+**Currently included series:** 4.1.z, 4.0.z
 
 Security Issues
 ---------------
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ be built from 1.2.2, and then added to the end of 1-2-stable. This means that
 security releases are easy to upgrade to if you're running the latest version
 of Rails.
 
-**Currently included series:** 4.0.z, 3.2.z
+**Currently included series:** 4.1.z, 4.0.z
 
 Severe Security Issues
 ----------------------
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ For severe security issues we will provide new versions as above, and also the
 last major release series will receive patches and new versions. The
 classification of the security issue is judged by the core team.
 
-**Currently included series:** 4.0.z, 3.2.z
+**Currently included series:** 4.1.z, 4.0.z, 3.2.z
 
 Unsupported Release Series
 --------------------------

guides/source/security.md

@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ _'1; mode=block' in Rails by default_ - use XSS Auditor and block page if XSS at
 * X-Content-Type-Options
 _'nosniff' in Rails by default_ - stops the browser from guessing the MIME type of a file.
 * X-Content-Security-Policy
-[A powerful mechanism for controlling which sites certain content types can be loaded from](http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/content-security-policy/raw-file/tip/csp-specification.dev.html)
+[A powerful mechanism for controlling which sites certain content types can be loaded from](http://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/content-security-policy/csp-specification.dev.html)
 * Access-Control-Allow-Origin
 Used to control which sites are allowed to bypass same origin policies and send cross-origin requests.
 * Strict-Transport-Security

guides/source/upgrading_ruby_on_rails.md

@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ TIP: Ruby 1.8.7 p248 and p249 have marshaling bugs that crash Rails. Ruby Enterp
 Upgrading from Rails 4.0 to Rails 4.1
 -------------------------------------
 
-NOTE: This section is a work in progress.
-
 ### CSRF protection from remote `<script>` tags
 
 Or, "whaaat my tests are failing!!!?"
@@ -79,12 +77,15 @@ secrets, you need to:
       secret_key_base:
 
     production:
-      secret_key_base:
+      secret_key_base: <%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %>
     ```
 
-2. Copy the existing `secret_key_base` from the `secret_token.rb` initializer to
-   `secrets.yml` under the `production` section.
-
+2. Use your existing `secret_key_base` from the `secret_token.rb` initializer to
+   set the SECRET_KEY_BASE environment variable for whichever users run the Rails
+   app in production mode. Alternately, you can simply copy the existing 
+   `secret_key_base` from the `secret_token.rb` initializer to `secrets.yml` 
+   under the `production` section, replacing '<%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %>'.
+   
 3. Remove the `secret_token.rb` initializer.
 
 4. Use `rake secret` to generate new keys for the `development` and `test` sections.
@@ -463,7 +464,7 @@ being used, you can update your form to use the `PUT` method instead:
 <%= form_for [ :update_name, @user ], method: :put do |f| %>
 ```
 
-For more on PATCH and why this change was made, see [this post](http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/2/26/edge-rails-patch-is-the-new-primary-http-method-for-updates/)
+For more on PATCH and why this change was made, see [this post](http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/2/25/edge-rails-patch-is-the-new-primary-http-method-for-updates/)
 on the Rails blog.
 
 #### A note about media types

rails.gemspec

@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@
   s.add_dependency 'railties',      version
 
   s.add_dependency 'bundler',         '>= 1.3.0', '< 2.0'
-  s.add_dependency 'sprockets-rails', '~> 2.0.0'
+  s.add_dependency 'sprockets-rails', '~> 2.1'
 end

railties/lib/rails/application.rb

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Application < Engine
     class << self
       def inherited(base)
         super
-        Rails.application ||= base.instance
+        base.instance
       end
 
       # Makes the +new+ method public.
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ def initialize(initial_variable_values = {}, &block)
       @railties          = nil
       @message_verifiers = {}
 
+      Rails.application ||= self
+
       add_lib_to_load_path!
       ActiveSupport.run_load_hooks(:before_configuration, self)
 
@@ -151,14 +153,13 @@ def reload_routes!
     def key_generator
       # number of iterations selected based on consultation with the google security
       # team. Details at https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/6952#issuecomment-7661220
-      @caching_key_generator ||= begin
+      @caching_key_generator ||=
         if secrets.secret_key_base
           key_generator = ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator.new(secrets.secret_key_base, iterations: 1000)
           ActiveSupport::CachingKeyGenerator.new(key_generator)
         else
           ActiveSupport::LegacyKeyGenerator.new(config.secret_token)
         end
-      end
     end
 
     # Returns a message verifier object.

railties/lib/rails/generators/app_base.rb

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ def assets_gemfile_entry
                                     'Use SCSS for stylesheets')
         else
           gems << GemfileEntry.version('sass-rails',
-                                     '~> 4.0.2',
+                                     '~> 4.0.3',
                                      'Use SCSS for stylesheets')
         end
 

railties/lib/rails/generators/erb/scaffold/templates/_form.html.erb

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
       <h2><%%= pluralize(@<%= singular_table_name %>.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this <%= singular_table_name %> from being saved:</h2>
 
       <ul>
-      <%% @<%= singular_table_name %>.errors.full_messages.each do |msg| %>
-        <li><%%= msg %></li>
+      <%% @<%= singular_table_name %>.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
+        <li><%%= message %></li>
       <%% end %>
       </ul>
     </div>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/frontbase.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="frontbase://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
+#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/ibm_db.yml

@@ -61,7 +61,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name[0,4] %>_tst
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="ibm-db://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
+#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/jdbc.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,16 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   url: jdbc:db://localhost/<%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  url: jdbc:db://localhost/<%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/jdbcmysql.yml

@@ -26,6 +26,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
-production: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="mysql://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
+#
+production:
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/jdbcpostgresql.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="postgres://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
+#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/jdbcsqlite3.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: db/test.sqlite3
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: db/production.sqlite3

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/mysql.yml

@@ -32,11 +32,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Avoid production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
 #
-# Example:
-#   mysql2://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="mysql2://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
 #
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/oracle.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="oracle://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
+#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/postgresql.yml

@@ -59,11 +59,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
 #
-# Example:
-#   postgres://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="postgres://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
 #
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/sqlite3.yml

@@ -20,13 +20,6 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: db/test.sqlite3
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
-#
-# Examples:
-#   sqlite3::memory:
-#   sqlite3:db/production.sqlite3
-#   sqlite3:/full/path/to/database.sqlite3
-#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: db/production.sqlite3

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/databases/sqlserver.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,27 @@ test:
   <<: *default
   database: <%= app_name %>_test
 
-# Do not keep production credentials in the repository,
-# instead read the configuration from the environment.
+# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
+# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
+# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
+#
+# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
+# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
+# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
+# production deployment.
+#
+# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
+# available as an environment variable. For example:
+#
+#   DATABASE_URL="sqlserver://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
+#
+# You can use this database configuration with:
+#
+#   production:
+#     url: <%%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
+#
 production:
-  url: <%%= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] %>
+  <<: *default
+  database: <%= app_name %>_production
+  username: <%= app_name %>
+  password: <%%= ENV['<%= app_name.upcase %>_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/initializers/cookies_serializer.rb

 # Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.
 
-Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer = :json
\ No newline at end of file
+Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer = :json

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/app/templates/config/initializers/mime_types.rb

@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
 
 # Add new mime types for use in respond_to blocks:
 # Mime::Type.register "text/richtext", :rtf
-# Mime::Type.register_alias "text/html", :iphone

railties/lib/rails/generators/rails/scaffold_controller/templates/controller.rb

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def create
     if @<%= orm_instance.save %>
       redirect_to @<%= singular_table_name %>, notice: <%= "'#{human_name} was successfully created.'" %>
     else
-      render action: 'new'
+      render :new
     end
   end
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def update
     if @<%= orm_instance.update("#{singular_table_name}_params") %>
       redirect_to @<%= singular_table_name %>, notice: <%= "'#{human_name} was successfully updated.'" %>
     else
-      render action: 'edit'
+      render :edit
     end
   end
 

railties/lib/rails/test_help.rb

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 require 'active_support/testing/autorun'
 require 'active_support/test_case'
+require 'action_controller'
 require 'action_controller/test_case'
 require 'action_dispatch/testing/integration'
 require 'rails/generators/test_case'

railties/test/application/assets_test.rb

@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base; raise 'should not be reached'; end
     end
 
     test "precompile creates a manifest file with all the assets listed" do
+      app_file "app/assets/images/rails.png", "notactuallyapng"
       app_file "app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.erb", "<%= asset_path('rails.png') %>"
       app_file "app/assets/javascripts/application.js", "alert();"
       # digest is default in false, we must enable it for test environment
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base; raise 'should not be reached'; end
     test "precompile shouldn't use the digests present in manifest.json" do
       app_file "app/assets/images/rails.png", "notactuallyapng"
 
-      app_file "app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.erb", "//= depend_on rails.png\np { url: <%= asset_path('rails.png') %> }"
+      app_file "app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.erb", "p { url: <%= asset_path('rails.png') %> }"
 
       ENV["RAILS_ENV"] = "production"
       precompile!
@@ -448,23 +449,23 @@ class ::PostsController < ActionController::Base; end
 
     test "asset urls should be protocol-relative if no request is in scope" do
       app_file "app/assets/images/rails.png", "notreallyapng"
-      app_file "app/assets/javascripts/image_loader.js.erb", 'var src="<%= image_path("rails.png") %>";'
+      app_file "app/assets/javascripts/image_loader.js.erb", "var src='<%= image_path('rails.png') %>';"
       add_to_config "config.assets.precompile = %w{image_loader.js}"
       add_to_config "config.asset_host = 'example.com'"
       precompile!
 
-      assert_match 'src="//example.com/assets/rails.png"', File.read(Dir["#{app_path}/public/assets/image_loader-*.js"].first)
+      assert_match "src='//example.com/assets/rails.png'", File.read(Dir["#{app_path}/public/assets/image_loader-*.js"].first)
     end
 
     test "asset paths should use RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT by default" do
       ENV["RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT"] = "/sub/uri"
       app_file "app/assets/images/rails.png", "notreallyapng"
 
-      app_file "app/assets/javascripts/app.js.erb", 'var src="<%= image_path("rails.png") %>";'
+      app_file "app/assets/javascripts/app.js.erb", "var src='<%= image_path('rails.png') %>';"
       add_to_config "config.assets.precompile = %w{app.js}"
       precompile!
 
-      assert_match 'src="/sub/uri/assets/rails.png"', File.read(Dir["#{app_path}/public/assets/app-*.js"].first)
+      assert_match "src='/sub/uri/assets/rails.png'", File.read(Dir["#{app_path}/public/assets/app-*.js"].first)
     end
 
     test "assets:cache:clean should clean cache" do

railties/test/application/multiple_applications_test.rb

@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ def test_cloning_an_application_makes_a_shallow_copy_of_config
       assert_equal Rails.application.config.secret_key_base, clone.config.secret_key_base, "The base secret key on the config should be the same"
     end
 
+    def test_inheriting_multiple_times_from_application
+      new_application_class = Class.new(Rails::Application)
+
+      assert_not_equal Rails.application.object_id, new_application_class.instance.object_id
+    end
+
     def test_initialization_of_multiple_copies_of_same_application
       application1 = AppTemplate::Application.new
       application2 = AppTemplate::Application.new

railties/test/generators/scaffold_controller_generator_test.rb

@@ -160,13 +160,6 @@ def self.all(klass)
     Unknown::Generators.send :remove_const, :ActiveModel
   end
 
-  def test_new_hash_style
-    run_generator
-    assert_file "app/controllers/users_controller.rb" do |content|
-      assert_match(/render action: 'new'/, content)
-    end
-  end
-
   def test_model_name_option
     run_generator ["Admin::User", "--model-name=User"]
     assert_file "app/controllers/admin/users_controller.rb" do |content|

railties/test/railties/railtie_test.rb

@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ class Foo < Rails::Railtie ; config.to_prepare { $to_prepare = true } ; end
       assert $to_prepare
     end
 
+    test "railtie have access to application in before_configuration callbacks" do
+      $after_initialize = false
+      class Foo < Rails::Railtie ; config.before_configuration { $before_configuration = Rails.root.to_path } ; end
+      assert_not $before_configuration
+      require "#{app_path}/config/environment"
+      assert_equal app_path, $before_configuration
+    end
+
     test "railtie can add after_initialize callbacks" do
       $after_initialize = false
       class Foo < Rails::Railtie ; config.after_initialize { $after_initialize = true } ; end