towards #2960

This adds a new op to get a single env var.

Fixes #2933

Just some clean up reorganization around flatbuffer/minimal dispatch
code. This is prep for adding a JSON dispatcher.

Removes the magic number hack to switch between flatbuffers and the
minimal dispatcher.

Adds machinery to pass the op_id through the shared_queue.

* merge SourceFileFetcher trait and FileFetcher struct

* move logic related to source file fetching to //cli/file_fetcher.rs

* use Result when creating new ThreadSafeState

* rename `ModuleMetaData` to `SourceFile` and remove TS specific
  functionality

* add `TsCompiler` struct encapsulating processing of TypeScript files

* move `SourceMapGetter` trait implementation to `//cli/compiler.rs`

* add low-level `DiskCache` API for general purpose caches and use it in
  `DenoDir` and `TsCompiler` for filesystem access

* don't use hash-like filenames for compiled modules, instead use
  metadata file for storing compilation hash

* add `SourceFileCache` for in-process caching of loaded files for fast
  subsequent access

* define `SourceFileFetcher` trait encapsulating loading of local and
  remote files and implement it for `DenoDir`

* define `use_cache` and `no_fetch` flags on `DenoDir` instead of using
  in fetch methods

This is in preperation for dynamic import (#1789), which is more easily
implemented when errors are dynamic.

The rules are now as follows:

* In `import` statements, as mandated by the WHATWG specification,
  the import specifier is always treated as a URL.
  If it is a relative URL, it must start with either / or ./ or ../

* A script name passed to deno as a command line argument may be either
  an absolute URL or a local path.
  - If the name starts with a valid URI scheme followed by a colon, e.g.
    'http:', 'https:', 'file:', 'foo+bar:', it always interpreted as a
    URL (even if Deno doesn't support the indicated protocol).
  - Otherwise, the script name is interpreted as a local path. The local
    path may be relative, and operating system semantics determine how
    it is resolved. Prefixing a relative path with ./ is not required.

Adds ModuleSpecifier, which wraps a URL. This is now passed around instead of
specifier and resolver strings.

It's unnecessary indirection and is preventing the ability to easily
pass isolate references into the dispatch and dyn_import closures.

Note: this changes how StartupData::Script is executed. It's no longer done
during Isolate::new() but rather lazily on first poll or execution.

This patch makes it so that RecursiveLoad doesn't own the Isolate, so
Worker::execute_mod_async does not consume itself.

Previously Worker implemented Loader, but now ThreadSafeState does.

This is necessary preparation work for dynamic import (#1789) and import
maps (#1921)

* Compiler no longer has its own Tokio runtime. Compiler handles one
  message and then exits.

* Uses the simpler ts.CompilerHost interface instead of
  ts.LanguageServiceHost.

* avoids recompiling the same module by introducing a hacky but simple
  `hashset<string>` that stores the module names that have been already
  compiled.

* Removes the CompilerConfig op.

* Removes a lot of the mocking stuff in compiler.ts like `this._ts`. It
  is not useful as we don't even have tests.

* Turns off checkJs because it causes fmt_test to die with OOM.

Op dispatch is now dynamically dispatched, so slightly less efficient.
The immeasurable perf hit is a reasonable trade for the API simplicity
that is gained here.

Changes "deno --types" to "deno types"
and "deno --prefetch" to "deno prefetch"

This is to work around Tokio's panic recovery feature.
Ref https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/495
Ref https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/209
Ref https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/1311
Fixes #2097