* Support multiple shells in a single process.

The Flutter Engine currently works by initializing a singleton shell
instance. This shell has to be created on the platform thread. The shell
is responsible for creating the 3 main threads used by Flutter (UI, IO,
GPU) as well as initializing the Dart VM. The shell, references to task
runners of the main threads as well as all snapshots used for VM
initialization are stored in singleton objects. The Flutter shell only
creates the threads, rasterizers, contexts, etc. to fully support a
single Flutter application. Current support for multiple Flutter
applications is achieved by making multiple applications share the same
resources (via the platform views mechanism).

This scheme has the following limitations:

* The shell is a singleton and there is no way to tear it down. Once you
  run a Flutter application in a process, all resources managed by it
  will remain referenced till process termination.
* The threads on which the shell performs its operations are all
  singletons. These threads are never torn down and multiple Flutter
  applications (if present) have to compete with one another on these
  threads.
* Resources referenced by the Dart VM are leaked because the VM isn't
  shutdown even when there are no more Flutter views.
* The shell as a target does not compile on Fuchsia. The Fuchsia content
  handler uses specific dependencies of the shell to rebuild all the
  shell dependencies on its own. This leads to differences in frame
  scheduling, VM setup, service protocol endpoint setup, tracing, etc..
  Fuchsia is very much a second class citizen in this world.
* Since threads and message loops are managed by the engine, the engine
  has to know about threading and platform message loop interop on each
  supported platform.

Specific updates in this patch:

* The shell is no longer a singleton and the embedder holds the unique
  reference to the shell.
* Shell setup and teardown is deterministic.
* Threads are no longer managed by the shell. Instead, the shell is
  given a task runner configuration by the embedder.
* Since the shell does not own its threads, the embedder can control
  threads and the message loops operating on these threads. The shell is
  only given references to the task runners that execute tasks on these
  threads.
* The shell only needs task runner references. These references can be
  to the same task runner. So, if the embedder thinks that a particular
  Flutter application would not need all the threads, it can pass
  references to the same task runner. This effectively makes Flutter
  application run in single threaded mode. There are some places in the
  shell that make synchronous calls, these sites have been updated to
  ensure that they don’t deadlock.
* The test runner and the headless Dart code runner are now Flutter
  applications that are effectively single threaded (since they don’t
  have rendering concerns of big-boy Flutter application).
* The embedder has to guarantee that the threads and outlive the shell.
  It is easy for the embedder to make that guarantee because shell
  termination is deterministic.
* The embedder can create as many shell as it wants. Typically it
  creates a shell per Flutter application with its own task runner
  configuration. Most embedders obtain these task runners from threads
  dedicated to the shell. But, it is entirely possible that the embedder
  can obtain these task runners from a thread pool.
* There can only be one Dart VM in the process. The numerous shell
  interact with one another to manage the VM lifecycle. Once the last
  shell goes away, the VM does as well and hence all resources
  associated with the VM are collected.
* The shell as a target can now compile and run on Fuchsia. The current
  content handler has been removed from the Flutter engine source tree
  and a new implementation has been written that uses the new shell
  target.
* Isolate management has been significantly overhauled. There are no
  owning references to Dart isolates within the shell. The VM owns the
  only strong reference to the Dart isolate. The isolate that has window
  bindings is now called the root isolate. Child isolates can now be
  created from the root isolate and their bindings and thread
  configurations are now inherited from the root isolate.
* Terminating the shell terminates its root isolates as well as all the
  isolates spawned by this isolate. This is necessary be shell shutdown
  is deterministic and the embedder is free to collect the threads on
  which the isolates execute their tasks (and listen for mircrotasks
  flushes on).
* Launching the root isolate is now significantly overhauled. The shell
  side (non-owning) reference to an isolate is now a little state
  machine and illegal state transitions should be impossible (barring
  construction issues). This is the only way to manage Dart isolates in
  the shell (the shell does not use the C API is dart_api.h anymore).
* Once an isolate is launched, it must be prepared (and hence move to
  the ready phase) by associating a snapshot with the same. This
  snapshot can either be a precompiled snapshot, kernel snapshot, script
  snapshot or source file. Depending on the kind of data specified as a
  snapshot as well as the capabilities of the VM running in the process,
  isolate preparation can fail preparation with the right message.
* Asset management has been significantly overhauled. All asset
  resolution goes through an abstract asset resolver interface. An asset
  manager implements this interface and manages one or more child asset
  resolvers. These asset resolvers typically resolve assets from
  directories, ZIP files (legacy FLX assets if provided), APK bundles,
  FDIO namespaces, etc…
* Each launch of the shell requires a separate and fully configured
  asset resolver. This is necessary because launching isolates for the
  engine may require resolving snapshots as assets from the asset
  resolver. Asset resolvers can be shared by multiple launch instances
  in multiple shells and need to be thread safe.
* References to the command line object have been removed from the
  shell. Instead, the shell only takes a settings object that may be
  configured from the command line. This makes it easy for embedders and
  platforms that don’t have a command line (Fuchsia) to configure the
  shell. Consequently, there is only one spot where the various switches
  are read from the command line (by the embedder and not the shell) to
  form the settings object.
* All platform now respect the log tag (this was done only by Android
  till now) and each shell instance have its own log tag. This makes
  logs from multiple Flutter application in the same process (mainly
  Fuchsia) more easily decipherable.
* The per shell IO task runner now has a new component that is
  unfortunately named the IOManager. This component manages the IO
  GrContext (used for asynchronous texture uploads) that cooperates with
  the GrContext on the GPU task runner associated with the shell. The
  IOManager is also responsible for flushing tasks that collect Skia
  objects that reference GPU resources during deterministic shell
  shutdown.
* The embedder now has to be careful to only enable Blink on a single
  instance of the shell. Launching the legacy text layout and rendering
  engine multiple times is will trip assertions. The entirety of this
  runtime has been separated out into a separate object and can be
  removed in one go when the migration to libtxt is complete.
* There is a new test target for the various C++ objects that the shell
  uses to interact with the Dart VM (the shell no longer use the C API
  in dart_api.h). This allows engine developers to test VM/Isolate
  initialization and teardown without having the setup a full shell
  instance.
* There is a new test target for the testing a single shell instances
  without having to configure and launch an entire VM and associated
  root isolate.
* Mac, Linux & Windows used to have different target that created the
  flutter_tester referenced by the tool. This has now been converted
  into a single target that compiles on all platforms.
* WeakPointers vended by the fml::WeakPtrFactory(notice the difference
  between the same class in the fxl namespace) add threading checks on
  each use. This is enabled by getting rid of the “re-origination”
  feature of the WeakPtrFactory in the fxl namespace. The side effect of
  this is that all non-thread safe components have to be created, used
  and destroyed on the same thread. Numerous thread safety issues were
  caught by this extra assertion and have now been fixed.
  * Glossary of components that are only safe on a specific thread (and
    have the fml variants of the WeakPtrFactory):
    * Platform Thread: Shell
    * UI Thread: Engine, RuntimeDelegate, DartIsolate, Animator
    * GPU Thread: Rasterizer, Surface
    * IO Thread: IOManager

This patch was reviewed in smaller chunks in the following pull
requests. All comments from the pulls requests has been incorporated
into this patch:

* flutter/assets: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4829
* flutter/common: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4830
* flutter/content_handler: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4831
* flutter/flow: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4832
* flutter/fml: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4833
* flutter/lib/snapshot: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4834
* flutter/lib/ui: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4835
* flutter/runtime: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4836
* flutter/shell: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4837
* flutter/synchronization: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4838
* flutter/testing: https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/4839

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/12886

By adding these events the new developer centric timeline will be able
to identify and correlate events related to the different stages of the
drawing pipeline.

Roll Dart to 62045a4590a333ae557f8f261a909ee75449cd70

 - Assumes only the Dart VM is interested in idle notification.
 - Gives the VM the time remaining in each frame.
 - Gives the VM 100ms if there is no pending frame.

Issue flutter/flutter#9594

* Name the platform thread in the timeline. This does not affect (nor is it affected by) the pthread name set by the embedder.
* Make it easier in the timeline to see not only when the frame was request, but also when that frame request was fulfilled.
* Trace message loop wakes.

Instead, just use JNI and Objective-C directly.

* Namespaces have been updated to reflect the move from //flutter/sky/shell to //flutter/shell.
* shell/BUILD.gn file has been split into smaller GN files for each subcomponent of the shell (common, GPU, diagnostic, testing).
* GN dependencies have been rewritten to stop exposing common shell dependencies as public. Duplicates have also been removed.
* GPU subcomponent has been updated make it more suitable for Vulkan integration.
* The GLFW backend has been resurrected.

The rasterizer may have been deleted on the GPU thread before Animator::Render
runs on the UI thread

Pipelines vend single use continuations that callers can complete at any time to signal readiness of a pipeline resource. (#2957)

Make the animator host an implicit fallback VSync provider in case platforms cant provide their own. (#2953)

Also, rename SkyViewClient to RuntimeDelegate. These names are more
sensible.

This patch also cleans up the RuntimeDelegate a bit, for example by
removing support for flushing real-time events, which aren't used.

This patch hides the base::SingleThreadedTaskRunner, which pulls a big
switchover to ftl::WeakPtr and std::function.

This patch removes almost all //base dependency of //flow. The only dependency
left is on tracing.

* Update to mojo 7d579155cc597aa3befcbfad66eef54bda06b57c

* Update to new API

Previously we would hold the layer tree until the we returned from Dart. Now we
send the layer tree to the rasterizer thread immediately.

Fixes #212

When the engine starts a new version of the Dart application, the animator may
have pending callbacks and other state related to the previous run of the app.
This state must be cleared before the new vsync provider is assigned.

Everything should work except the keyboard.

This patch teaches Flutter how to connect to the vsync service on Modroid.
Also, remove our now-redunant copy of vsync.mojom.

Fixes #589

Now we actually use the vsync signal to trigger work. Previously, we'd hit the
pipeline depth limit too early and fall back to swap buffers-triggered
rendering.

Also, rename Vsync to VSync on recommendation from jamesr.

Instead of using back pressure from swap buffers to drive the engine, this
patch using the vsync signal from the Android framework. We still respect
back pressure from swap buffers if we get too far ahead.

Previously, there was a race condition whereby we could end up with three
requests in the pipeline. Now we update the number of outstanding requests
synchronously, which avoids the race.

Previously, we weren't overlapping any work between the UI and the GPU threads
because each waited for the other to finish. After this patch, we now have a
pipeline depth of 2, which means we can be working on two frames at once, one
for each thread.  In the future, we should dynamically adjust the pipeline
depth.

This listens to both surface destruction as well as activity
pause/unpause.

R=abarth@chromium.org, abarth@google.com

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1230073002 .

However WebView::close() no longer crashes.  close() is never called
in MojoShell since mojo can't shutdown yet.

I tried closing the existing WebView and replacing it
but somehow that caused it to only draw red.  After a while
of looking at this with abarth we decided to just load into
the same WebView for now.

Eventually we should do something smarter where we start the
provisional load and only replace the webview once the new one is
ready, but that's a later CL.

R=abarth@chromium.org
BUG=

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/952273003

This CL contains enough plumbing for Sky to render content to the screen using
Ganesh in SkyShell. We're still missing the ability to load data off the
network.

R=eseidel@chromium.org, ojan@chromium.org

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/936883002