refine recomm. doc_en

recommender_system/README.en.md

@@ -76,22 +76,282 @@ Figure 3. A hybrid recommendation model.
 
 ## Dataset
 
-We use the [MovieLens ml-1m](http://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-1m.zip) to train our model.  This dataset includes 10,000 ratings of 4,000 movies from 6,000 users to 4,000 movies.  Each rate is in the range of 1~5.  Thanks to GroupLens Research for collecting, processing and publishing the dataset.  
-
-We don't have to download and preprocess the data.  Instead, we can use PaddlePaddle's dataset module `paddle.v2.dataset.movielens`.
-
-
-## Model Specification
-
-
-
-## Training
-
-
-
-## Inference
-
-
+### Data preparation and downloading
+
+We use the [MovieLens ml-1m](http://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-1m.zip) to train our model.  This dataset includes 10,000 ratings of 4,000 movies from 6,000 users to 4,000 movies.  Each rate is in the range of 1~5.  Thanks to GroupLens Research for collecting, processing and publishing the dataset.
+
+`paddle.v2.datasets` package encapsulates multiple public datasets, including `cifar`, `imdb`, `mnist`, `moivelens` and `wmt14`, etc. There's no need for us to manually donwload and preprocess `MovieLens` dataset.
+
+```python
+# Run this block to show dataset's documentation
+help(paddle.v2.dataset.movielens)
+```
+
+The raw `MoiveLens` contains movie ratings, relevant features form both movies and users.
+For instance, one movie's feature could be:
+
+```python
+movie_info = paddle.dataset.movielens.movie_info()
+print movie_info.values()[0]
+```
+
+```text
+<MovieInfo id(1), title(Toy Story), categories(['Animation', "Children's", 'Comedy'])>
+```
+
+One user's feature could be:
+
+```python
+user_info = paddle.dataset.movielens.user_info()
+print user_info.values()[0]
+```
+
+```text
+<UserInfo id(1), gender(F), age(1), job(10)>
+```
+
+In this dateset, the distribution of age is shown as follows:
+
+```text
+1: "Under 18"
+18: "18-24"
+25: "25-34"
+35: "35-44"
+45: "45-49"
+50: "50-55"
+56: "56+"
+```
+
+User's occupation is selected from the following options:
+
+```text
+0: "other" or not specified
+1: "academic/educator"
+2: "artist"
+3: "clerical/admin"
+4: "college/grad student"
+5: "customer service"
+6: "doctor/health care"
+7: "executive/managerial"
+8: "farmer"
+9: "homemaker"
+10: "K-12 student"
+11: "lawyer"
+12: "programmer"
+13: "retired"
+14: "sales/marketing"
+15: "scientist"
+16: "self-employed"
+17: "technician/engineer"
+18: "tradesman/craftsman"
+19: "unemployed"
+20: "writer"
+```
+
+Each record consists of three main components: user features, movie features and movie ratings.
+Likewise, as a simple example, consider the following:
+
+```python
+train_set_creator = paddle.dataset.movielens.train()
+train_sample = next(train_set_creator())
+uid = train_sample[0]
+mov_id = train_sample[len(user_info[uid].value())]
+print "User %s rates Movie %s with Score %s"%(user_info[uid], movie_info[mov_id], train_sample[-1])
+```
+
+```text
+User <UserInfo id(1), gender(F), age(1), job(10)> rates Movie <MovieInfo id(1193), title(One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest), categories(['Drama'])> with Score [5.0]
+```
+
+User 1 gave movie `1193` a rating of 5.
+
+After issuing a command `python train.py`, trainning is starting immediately! The details will be unpacked by the following sessions to see how it works.
+
+## Model Architecture
+
+### Initialize PaddlePaddle
+
+First, we must import and initialize PaddlePaddle (enable/disable GPU, set the number of trainers, etc).
+
+```python
+import paddle.v2 as paddle
+paddle.init(use_gpu=False)
+```
+
+### Model Configuration
+
+```python
+uid = paddle.layer.data(
+        name='user_id',
+        type=paddle.data_type.integer_value(
+            paddle.dataset.movielens.max_user_id() + 1))
+usr_emb = paddle.layer.embedding(input=uid, size=32)
+
+usr_gender_id = paddle.layer.data(
+        name='gender_id', type=paddle.data_type.integer_value(2))
+usr_gender_emb = paddle.layer.embedding(input=usr_gender_id, size=16)
+
+usr_age_id = paddle.layer.data(
+        name='age_id',
+        type=paddle.data_type.integer_value(
+            len(paddle.dataset.movielens.age_table)))
+usr_age_emb = paddle.layer.embedding(input=usr_age_id, size=16)
+
+usr_job_id = paddle.layer.data(
+        name='job_id',
+        type=paddle.data_type.integer_value(paddle.dataset.movielens.max_job_id(
+        ) + 1))
+usr_job_emb = paddle.layer.embedding(input=usr_job_id, size=16)
+```
+
+As shown in the above code, the input is four dimension integers for each user, that is,  `user_id`,`gender_id`, `age_id` and `job_id`. In order to deal with these features conveniently, we use the language model in NLP to transform these discrete values into embedding vaules `usr_emb`, `usr_gender_emb`, `usr_age_emb` and `usr_job_emb`.
+
+```python
+usr_combined_features = paddle.layer.fc(
+        input=[usr_emb, usr_gender_emb, usr_age_emb, usr_job_emb],
+        size=200,
+        act=paddle.activation.Tanh())
+```
+
+Then, employing user features as input, directly connecting to a fully-connected layer, which is used to reduce dimension to 200.
+
+Furthermore, we do a similar transformation for each movie feature. The network configuration is:
+
+```python
+mov_id = paddle.layer.data(
+    name='movie_id',
+    type=paddle.data_type.integer_value(
+        paddle.dataset.movielens.max_movie_id() + 1))
+mov_emb = paddle.layer.embedding(input=mov_id, size=32)
+
+mov_categories = paddle.layer.data(
+    name='category_id',
+    type=paddle.data_type.sparse_binary_vector(
+        len(paddle.dataset.movielens.movie_categories())))
+
+mov_categories_hidden = paddle.layer.fc(input=mov_categories, size=32)
+
+
+movie_title_dict = paddle.dataset.movielens.get_movie_title_dict()
+mov_title_id = paddle.layer.data(
+    name='movie_title',
+    type=paddle.data_type.integer_value_sequence(len(movie_title_dict)))
+mov_title_emb = paddle.layer.embedding(input=mov_title_id, size=32)
+mov_title_conv = paddle.networks.sequence_conv_pool(
+    input=mov_title_emb, hidden_size=32, context_len=3)
+
+mov_combined_features = paddle.layer.fc(
+    input=[mov_emb, mov_categories_hidden, mov_title_conv],
+    size=200,
+    act=paddle.activation.Tanh())
+```
+
+The movie ID and the movie type are mapped to their corresponding hidden layers. For movie's title, a sequence of words represented by an ID sequence, the sequence feature of time window will be obtained after the convolution layer, and then sampling to obtain specific dimension features. The entire process is implemented in `text_conv_pool`.
+
+```python
+inference = paddle.layer.cos_sim(a=usr_combined_features, b=mov_combined_features, size=1, scale=5)
+```
+
+进而，我们使用余弦相似度计算用户特征与电影特征的相似性。并将这个相似性拟合(回归)到用户评分上。
+
+```python
+cost = paddle.layer.regression_cost(
+        input=inference,
+        label=paddle.layer.data(
+        name='score', type=paddle.data_type.dense_vector(1)))
+```
+
+至此，我们的优化目标就是这个网络配置中的cost了。
+
+## Model Training
+
+### Define Parameters
+
+First we define the model parameters according to the previous model configuration cost.
+
+```python
+# Create parameters
+parameters = paddle.parameters.create(cost)
+```
+
+### Create Trainer
+
+Before jumping into creating a training module, algorithm setting is also necessary. Here we specified Adam optimization algorithm via `paddle.optimizer`.
+
+```python
+trainer = paddle.trainer.SGD(cost=cost, parameters=parameters, 
+                             update_equation=paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=1e-4))
+```
+
+```text
+[INFO 2017-03-06 17:12:13,378 networks.py:1472] The input order is [user_id, gender_id, age_id, job_id, movie_id, category_id, movie_title, score]
+[INFO 2017-03-06 17:12:13,379 networks.py:1478] The output order is [__regression_cost_0__]
+```
+
+### Training
+
+下面我们开始训练过程。
+我们直接使用Paddle提供的数据集读取程序。paddle.dataset.movielens.train()和paddle.dataset.movielens.test()分别做训练和预测数据集。并且通过reader_dict来指定每一个数据和data_layer的对应关系。
+例如，这里的reader_dict表示的是，对于数据层 user_id，使用了reader中每一条数据的第0个元素。gender_id数据层使用了第1个元素。以此类推。
+训练过程是完全自动的。我们可以使用event_handler来观察训练过程，或进行测试等。这里我们在event_handler里面绘制了训练误差曲线和测试误差曲线。并且保存了模型。
+
+```python
+%matplotlib inline
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from IPython import display
+import cPickle
+
+feeding = {
+    'user_id': 0,
+    'gender_id': 1,
+    'age_id': 2,
+    'job_id': 3,
+    'movie_id': 4,
+    'category_id': 5,
+    'movie_title': 6,
+    'score': 7
+}
+
+step=0
+
+train_costs=[],[]
+test_costs=[],[]
+
+def event_handler(event):
+    global step
+    global train_costs
+    global test_costs
+    if isinstance(event, paddle.event.EndIteration):
+        need_plot = False
+        if step % 10 == 0:  # every 10 batches, record a train cost
+            train_costs[0].append(step)
+            train_costs[1].append(event.cost)
+            
+        if step % 1000 == 0: # every 1000 batches, record a test cost
+            result = trainer.test(reader=paddle.batch(
+                  paddle.dataset.movielens.test(), batch_size=256))
+            test_costs[0].append(step)
+            test_costs[1].append(result.cost)
+        
+        if step % 100 == 0: # every 100 batches, update cost plot
+            plt.plot(*train_costs)
+            plt.plot(*test_costs)
+            plt.legend(['Train Cost', 'Test Cost'], loc='upper left')
+            display.clear_output(wait=True)
+            display.display(plt.gcf())
+            plt.gcf().clear()
+        step += 1
+
+trainer.train(
+    reader=paddle.batch(
+            paddle.reader.shuffle(
+            paddle.dataset.movielens.train(), buf_size=8192),
+                            batch_size=256),
+    event_handler=event_handler,
+    feeding=feeding,
+    num_passes=2)
+```
 
 ## Conclusion
 
@@ -99,12 +359,12 @@ This tutorial goes over traditional approaches in recommender system and a deep
 
 ## Reference
 
-1. [Peter Brusilovsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brusilovsky) (2007). *The Adaptive Web*. p. 325.
-2. Robin Burke , [Hybrid Web Recommender Systems](http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/courses/CS411/2010/Book%20-%20The%20Adaptive%20Web/HybridWebRecommenderSystems.pdf), pp. 377-408, The Adaptive Web, Peter Brusilovsky, Alfred Kobsa, Wolfgang Nejdl (Ed.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4321, May 2007, 978-3-540-72078-2.
+1. [Peter Brusilovsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brusilovsky) (2007). *The Adaptive Web*. p. 325.
+2. Robin Burke , [Hybrid Web Recommender Systems](http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/courses/CS411/2010/Book%20-%20The%20Adaptive%20Web/HybridWebRecommenderSystems.pdf), pp. 377-408, The Adaptive Web, Peter Brusilovsky, Alfred Kobsa, Wolfgang Nejdl (Ed.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4321, May 2007, 978-3-540-72078-2.
 3. P. Resnick, N. Iacovou, etc. “[GroupLens: An Open Architecture for Collaborative Filtering of Netnews](http://ccs.mit.edu/papers/CCSWP165.html)”, Proceedings of ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, CSCW 1994. pp.175-186.
-4. Sarwar, Badrul, et al. "[Item-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms.](http://files.grouplens.org/papers/www10_sarwar.pdf)" *Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on World Wide Web*. ACM, 2001.
+4. Sarwar, Badrul, et al. "[Item-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms.](http://files.grouplens.org/papers/www10_sarwar.pdf)" *Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on World Wide Web*. ACM, 2001.
 5. Kautz, Henry, Bart Selman, and Mehul Shah. "[Referral Web: Combining Social networks and collaborative filtering.](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/selman/papers/pdf/97.cacm.refweb.pdf)" Communications of the ACM 40.3 (1997): 63-65. APA
-6. Yuan, Jianbo, et al. ["Solving Cold-Start Problem in Large-scale Recommendation Engines: A Deep Learning Approach."](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05480v1.pdf) *arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.05480* (2016).
+6. Yuan, Jianbo, et al. ["Solving Cold-Start Problem in Large-scale Recommendation Engines: A Deep Learning Approach."](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.05480v1.pdf) *arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.05480* (2016).
 7. Covington P, Adams J, Sargin E. [Deep neural networks for youtube recommendations](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/zh-CN//pubs/archive/45530.pdf)[C]//Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. ACM, 2016: 191-198.
 
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