markdown2rst.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
    markdown to rst
"""
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
import os
import os.path
import re
import sys
from argparse import ArgumentParser, Namespace

from docutils import statemachine, nodes, io, utils
from docutils.parsers import rst
from docutils.core import ErrorString
from docutils.utils import SafeString, column_width
import mistune

if sys.version_info < (3, ):
    from codecs import open as _open
    from urlparse import urlparse
else:
    _open = open
    from urllib.parse import urlparse

__version__ = '0.2.1'
_is_sphinx = False
prolog = '''\
.. role:: raw-html-m2r(raw)
   :format: html

'''

# for command-line use
parser = ArgumentParser()
options = Namespace()
parser.add_argument(
    'input_file', nargs='*', help='files to convert to reST format')
parser.add_argument(
    '--overwrite',
    action='store_true',
    default=False,
    help='overwrite output file without confirmaion')
parser.add_argument(
    '--dry-run',
    action='store_true',
    default=False,
    help='print conversion result and not save output file')
parser.add_argument(
    '--no-underscore-emphasis',
    action='store_true',
    default=False,
    help='do not use underscore (_) for emphasis')
parser.add_argument(
    '--parse-relative-links',
    action='store_true',
    default=False,
    help='parse relative links into ref or doc directives')
parser.add_argument(
    '--anonymous-references',
    action='store_true',
    default=False,
    help='use anonymous references in generated rst')
parser.add_argument(
    '--disable-inline-math',
    action='store_true',
    default=False,
    help='disable parsing inline math')


def parse_options():
    """parse_options"""
    parser.parse_known_args(namespace=options)


class RestBlockGrammar(mistune.BlockGrammar):
    """RestBlockGrammar"""
    directive = re.compile(
        r'^( *\.\..*?)\n(?=\S)',
        re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE, )
    oneline_directive = re.compile(
        r'^( *\.\..*?)$',
        re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE, )
    rest_code_block = re.compile(
        r'^::\s*$',
        re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE, )


class RestBlockLexer(mistune.BlockLexer):
    """RestBlockLexer"""
    grammar_class = RestBlockGrammar
    default_rules = [
        'directive',
        'oneline_directive',
        'rest_code_block',
    ] + mistune.BlockLexer.default_rules

    def parse_directive(self, m):
        """parse_directive"""
        self.tokens.append({
            'type': 'directive',
            'text': m.group(1),
        })

    def parse_oneline_directive(self, m):
        """parse_oneline_directive"""
        # reuse directive output
        self.tokens.append({
            'type': 'directive',
            'text': m.group(1),
        })

    def parse_rest_code_block(self, m):
        """parse_rest_code_block"""
        self.tokens.append({'type': 'rest_code_block', })


class RestInlineGrammar(mistune.InlineGrammar):
    """RestInlineGrammar"""
    image_link = re.compile(
        r'\[!\[(?P<alt>.*?)\]\((?P<url>.*?)\).*?\]\((?P<target>.*?)\)')
    rest_role = re.compile(r':.*?:`.*?`|`[^`]+`:.*?:')
    rest_link = re.compile(r'`[^`]*?`_')
    inline_math = re.compile(r'.*\$(.*)?\$')
    eol_literal_marker = re.compile(r'(\s+)?::\s*$')
    # add colon and space as special text
    text = re.compile(r'^[\s\S]+?(?=[\\<!\[:_*`~ ]|https?://| {2,}\n|$)')
    # __word__ or **word**
    double_emphasis = re.compile(r'^([_*]){2}(?P<text>[\s\S]+?)\1{2}(?!\1)')
    # _word_ or *word*
    emphasis = re.compile(r'^\b_((?:__|[^_])+?)_\b'  # _word_
                          r'|'
                          r'^\*(?P<text>(?:\*\*|[^\*])+?)\*(?!\*)'  # *word*
                          )

    def no_underscore_emphasis(self):
        """no_underscore_emphasis"""
        self.double_emphasis = re.compile(
            r'^\*{2}(?P<text>[\s\S]+?)\*{2}(?!\*)'  # **word**
        )
        self.emphasis = re.compile(
            r'^\*(?P<text>(?:\*\*|[^\*])+?)\*(?!\*)'  # *word*
        )


class RestInlineLexer(mistune.InlineLexer):
    """RestInlineLexer"""
    grammar_class = RestInlineGrammar
    default_rules = [
        'image_link',
        'rest_role',
        'rest_link',
        'eol_literal_marker',
    ] + mistune.InlineLexer.default_rules

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        no_underscore_emphasis = kwargs.pop('no_underscore_emphasis', False)
        disable_inline_math = kwargs.pop('disable_inline_math', False)
        super(RestInlineLexer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if not _is_sphinx:
            parse_options()
        if no_underscore_emphasis or getattr(options, 'no_underscore_emphasis',
                                             False):
            self.rules.no_underscore_emphasis()
        inline_maths = 'inline_math' in self.default_rules
        if disable_inline_math or getattr(options, 'disable_inline_math',
                                          False):
            if inline_maths:
                self.default_rules.remove('inline_math')
        elif not inline_maths:
            self.default_rules.insert(0, 'inline_math')

    def output_double_emphasis(self, m):
        """output_double_emphasis"""
        # may include code span
        text = self.output(m.group('text'))
        return self.renderer.double_emphasis(text)

    def output_emphasis(self, m):
        """output_emphasis"""
        # may include code span
        text = self.output(m.group('text') or m.group(1))
        return self.renderer.emphasis(text)

    def output_image_link(self, m):
        """Pass through rest role."""
        return self.renderer.image_link(
            m.group('url'), m.group('target'), m.group('alt'))

    def output_rest_role(self, m):
        """Pass through rest role."""
        return self.renderer.rest_role(m.group(0))

    def output_rest_link(self, m):
        """Pass through rest link."""
        return self.renderer.rest_link(m.group(0))

    def output_inline_math(self, m):
        """Pass through rest link."""
        return self.renderer.inline_math(m.group(0))

    def output_eol_literal_marker(self, m):
        """Pass through rest link."""
        marker = ':' if m.group(1) is None else ''
        return self.renderer.eol_literal_marker(marker)


class RestRenderer(mistune.Renderer):
    """RestRenderer"""
    _include_raw_html = False
    list_indent_re = re.compile(r'^(\s*(#\.|\*)\s)')
    indent = ' ' * 3
    list_marker = '{#__rest_list_mark__#}'
    hmarks = {
        1: '=',
        2: '-',
        3: '^',
        4: '~',
        5: '"',
        6: '#',
    }

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.parse_relative_links = kwargs.pop('parse_relative_links', False)
        self.anonymous_references = kwargs.pop('anonymous_references', False)
        super(RestRenderer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if not _is_sphinx:
            parse_options()
            if getattr(options, 'parse_relative_links', False):
                self.parse_relative_links = options.parse_relative_links
            if getattr(options, 'anonymous_references', False):
                self.anonymous_references = options.anonymous_references

    def _indent_block(self, block):
        return '\n'.join(self.indent + line if line else ''
                         for line in block.splitlines())

    def _raw_html(self, html):
        self._include_raw_html = True
        return '\ :raw-html-m2r:`{}`\ '.format(html)

    def block_code(self, code, lang=None):
        """block_code"""
        if lang == 'math':
            first_line = '\n.. math::\n\n'
        elif lang:
            first_line = '\n.. code-block:: {}\n\n'.format(lang)
        elif _is_sphinx:
            first_line = '\n.. code-block:: guess\n\n'
        else:
            first_line = '\n.. code-block::\n\n'
        return first_line + self._indent_block(code) + '\n'

    def block_quote(self, text):
        """block_quote"""
        # text includes some empty line
        return '\n..\n\n{}\n\n'.format(self._indent_block(text.strip('\n')))

    def block_html(self, html):
        """Rendering block level pure html content.

        :param html: text content of the html snippet.
        """
        return '\n\n.. raw:: html\n\n' + self._indent_block(html) + '\n\n'

    def header(self, text, level, raw=None):
        """Rendering header/heading tags like ``<h1>`` ``<h2>``.

        :param text: rendered text content for the header.
        :param level: a number for the header level, for example: 1.
        :param raw: raw text content of the header.
        """
        return '\n{0}\n{1}\n'.format(text,
                                     self.hmarks[level] * column_width(text))

    def hrule(self):
        """Rendering method for ``<hr>`` tag."""
        return '\n----\n'

    def list(self, body, ordered=True):
        """Rendering list tags like ``<ul>`` and ``<ol>``.

        :param body: body contents of the list.
        :param ordered: whether this list is ordered or not.
        """
        mark = '#. ' if ordered else '* '
        lines = body.splitlines()
        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
            if line and not line.startswith(self.list_marker):
                lines[i] = ' ' * len(mark) + line
        return '\n{}\n'.format('\n'.join(lines)).replace(self.list_marker, mark)

    def list_item(self, text):
        """Rendering list item snippet. Like ``<li>``."""
        return '\n' + self.list_marker + text

    def paragraph(self, text):
        """Rendering paragraph tags. Like ``<p>``."""
        return '\n' + text + '\n'

    def table(self, header, body):
        """Rendering table element. Wrap header and body in it.

        :param header: header part of the table.
        :param body: body part of the table.
        """
        table = '\n.. list-table::\n'
        if header and not header.isspace():
            table = (table + self.indent + ':header-rows: 1\n\n' +
                     self._indent_block(header) + '\n')
        else:
            table = table + '\n'
        table = table + self._indent_block(body) + '\n\n'
        return table

    def table_row(self, content):
        """Rendering a table row. Like ``<tr>``.

        :param content: content of current table row.
        """
        contents = content.splitlines()
        if not contents:
            return ''
        clist = ['* ' + contents[0]]
        if len(contents) > 1:
            for c in contents[1:]:
                clist.append('  ' + c)
        return '\n'.join(clist) + '\n'

    def table_cell(self, content, **flags):
        """Rendering a table cell. Like ``<th>`` ``<td>``.

        :param content: content of current table cell.
        :param header: whether this is header or not.
        :param align: align of current table cell.
        """
        return '- ' + content + '\n'

    def double_emphasis(self, text):
        """Rendering **strong** text.

        :param text: text content for emphasis.
        """
        return '\ **{}**\ '.format(text)

    def emphasis(self, text):
        """Rendering *emphasis* text.

        :param text: text content for emphasis.
        """
        return '\ *{}*\ '.format(text)

    def codespan(self, text):
        """Rendering inline `code` text.

        :param text: text content for inline code.
        """
        if '``' not in text:
            return '\ ``{}``\ '.format(text)
        else:
            # actually, docutils split spaces in literal
            return self._raw_html('<code class="docutils literal">'
                                  '<span class="pre">{}</span>'
                                  '</code>'.format(text.replace('`', '&#96;')))

    def linebreak(self):
        """Rendering line break like ``<br>``."""
        if self.options.get('use_xhtml'):
            return self._raw_html('<br />') + '\n'
        return self._raw_html('<br>') + '\n'

    def strikethrough(self, text):
        """Rendering ~~strikethrough~~ text.

        :param text: text content for strikethrough.
        """
        return self._raw_html('<del>{}</del>'.format(text))

    def text(self, text):
        """Rendering unformatted text.

        :param text: text content.
        """
        return text

    def autolink(self, link, is_email=False):
        """Rendering a given link or email address.

        :param link: link content or email address.
        :param is_email: whether this is an email or not.
        """
        return link

    def link(self, link, title, text):
        """Rendering a given link with content and title.

        :param link: href link for ``<a>`` tag.
        :param title: title content for `title` attribute.
        :param text: text content for description.
        """
        if self.anonymous_references:
            underscore = '__'
        else:
            underscore = '_'
        if title:
            return self._raw_html(
                '<a href="{link}" title="{title}">{text}</a>'.format(
                    link=link, title=title, text=text))
        if not self.parse_relative_links:
            return '\ `{text} <{target}>`{underscore}\ '.format(
                target=link, text=text, underscore=underscore)
        else:
            url_info = urlparse(link)
            if url_info.scheme:
                return '\ `{text} <{target}>`{underscore}\ '.format(
                    target=link, text=text, underscore=underscore)
            else:
                link_type = 'doc'
                anchor = url_info.fragment
                if url_info.fragment:
                    if url_info.path:
                        # Can't link to anchors via doc directive.
                        anchor = ''
                    else:
                        # Example: [text](#anchor)
                        link_type = 'ref'
                doc_link = '{doc_name}{anchor}'.format(
                    # splittext approach works whether or not path is set. It
                    # will return an empty string if unset, which leads to
                    # anchor only ref.
                    doc_name=os.path.splitext(url_info.path)[0],
                    anchor=anchor)
                return '\ :{link_type}:`{text} <{doc_link}>`\ '.format(
                    link_type=link_type, doc_link=doc_link, text=text)

    def image(self, src, title, text):
        """Rendering a image with title and text.

        :param src: source link of the image.
        :param title: title text of the image.
        :param text: alt text of the image.
        """
        # rst does not support title option
        # and I couldn't find title attribute in HTML standard
        return '\n'.join([
            '',
            '.. image:: {}'.format(src),
            '   :target: {}'.format(src),
            '   :alt: {}'.format(text),
            '',
        ])

    def inline_html(self, html):
        """Rendering span level pure html content.

        :param html: text content of the html snippet.
        """
        return self._raw_html(html)

    def newline(self):
        """Rendering newline element."""
        return ''

    def footnote_ref(self, key, index):
        """Rendering the ref anchor of a footnote.

        :param key: identity key for the footnote.
        :param index: the index count of current footnote.
        """
        return '\ [#fn-{}]_\ '.format(key)

    def footnote_item(self, key, text):
        """Rendering a footnote item.

        :param key: identity key for the footnote.
        :param text: text content of the footnote.
        """
        return '.. [#fn-{0}] {1}\n'.format(key, text.strip())

    def footnotes(self, text):
        """Wrapper for all footnotes.

        :param text: contents of all footnotes.
        """
        if text:
            return '\n\n' + text
        else:
            return ''

    """Below outputs are for rst."""

    def image_link(self, url, target, alt):
        """image_link"""
        return '\n'.join([
            '',
            '.. image:: {}'.format(url),
            '   :target: {}'.format(target),
            '   :alt: {}'.format(alt),
            '',
        ])

    def rest_role(self, text):
        """rest_role"""
        return text

    def rest_link(self, text):
        """rest_link"""
        return text

    def inline_math(self, math):
        """Extension of recommonmark"""
        return re.sub(r'\$(.*?)\$',
                      lambda x: '\ :math:`{}`\ '.format(x.group(1)), math)

    def eol_literal_marker(self, marker):
        """Extension of recommonmark"""
        return marker

    def directive(self, text):
        """directive"""
        return '\n' + text + '\n'

    def rest_code_block(self):
        """rest_code_block"""
        return '\n\n'


class M2R(mistune.Markdown):
    """M2R"""

    def __init__(self,
                 renderer=None,
                 inline=RestInlineLexer,
                 block=RestBlockLexer,
                 **kwargs):
        if renderer is None:
            renderer = RestRenderer(**kwargs)
        super(M2R, self).__init__(
            renderer, inline=inline, block=block, **kwargs)

    def parse(self, text):
        """parse"""
        output = super(M2R, self).parse(text)
        return self.post_process(output)

    def output_directive(self):
        """output_directive"""
        return self.renderer.directive(self.token['text'])

    def output_rest_code_block(self):
        """output_rest_code_block"""
        return self.renderer.rest_code_block()

    def post_process(self, text):
        """post_process"""
        output = (text.replace('\\ \n', '\n').replace('\n\\ ', '\n')
                  .replace(' \\ ', ' ').replace('\\  ', ' ')
                  .replace('\\ .', '.'))
        if self.renderer._include_raw_html:
            return prolog + output
        else:
            return output


class M2RParser(rst.Parser, object):
    """M2RParser"""
    # Explicitly tell supported formats to sphinx
    supported = ('markdown', 'md', 'mkd')

    def parse(self, inputstrings, document):
        """parse"""
        if isinstance(inputstrings, statemachine.StringList):
            inputstring = '\n'.join(inputstrings)
        else:
            inputstring = inputstrings
        config = document.settings.env.config
        converter = M2R(no_underscore_emphasis=config.no_underscore_emphasis,
                        parse_relative_links=config.m2r_parse_relative_links,
                        anonymous_references=config.m2r_anonymous_references,
                        disable_inline_math=config.m2r_disable_inline_math)
        super(M2RParser, self).parse(converter(inputstring), document)


class MdInclude(rst.Directive):
    """Directive class to include markdown in sphinx.

    Load a file and convert it to rst and insert as a node. Currently
    directive-specific options are not implemented.
    """
    required_arguments = 1
    optional_arguments = 0
    option_spec = {
        'start-line': int,
        'end-line': int,
    }

    def run(self):
        """Most of this method is from ``docutils.parser.rst.Directive``.

        docutils version: 0.12
        """
        if not self.state.document.settings.file_insertion_enabled:
            raise self.warning('"%s" directive disabled.' % self.name)
        source = self.state_machine.input_lines.source(
            self.lineno - self.state_machine.input_offset - 1)
        source_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(source))
        path = rst.directives.path(self.arguments[0])
        path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(source_dir, path))
        path = utils.relative_path(None, path)
        path = nodes.reprunicode(path)

        # get options (currently not use directive-specific options)
        encoding = self.options.get('encoding',
                                    self.state.document.settings.input_encoding)
        e_handler = self.state.document.settings.input_encoding_error_handler
        tab_width = self.options.get('tab-width',
                                     self.state.document.settings.tab_width)

        # open the including file
        try:
            self.state.document.settings.record_dependencies.add(path)
            include_file = io.FileInput(
                source_path=path, encoding=encoding, error_handler=e_handler)
        except UnicodeEncodeError as error:
            raise self.severe('Problems with "%s" directive path:\n'
                              'Cannot encode input file path "%s" '
                              '(wrong locale?).' %
                              (self.name, SafeString(path)))
        except IOError as error:
            raise self.severe('Problems with "%s" directive path:\n%s.' %
                              (self.name, ErrorString(error)))

        # read from the file
        startline = self.options.get('start-line', None)
        endline = self.options.get('end-line', None)
        try:
            if startline or (endline is not None):
                lines = include_file.readlines()
                rawtext = ''.join(lines[startline:endline])
            else:
                rawtext = include_file.read()
        except UnicodeError as error:
            raise self.severe('Problem with "%s" directive:\n%s' %
                              (self.name, ErrorString(error)))

        config = self.state.document.settings.env.config
        converter = M2R(no_underscore_emphasis=config.no_underscore_emphasis,
                        parse_relative_links=config.m2r_parse_relative_links,
                        anonymous_references=config.m2r_anonymous_references,
                        disable_inline_math=config.m2r_disable_inline_math)
        include_lines = statemachine.string2lines(
            converter(rawtext), tab_width, convert_whitespace=True)
        self.state_machine.insert_input(include_lines, path)
        return []


def setup(app):
    """When used for sphinx extension."""
    global _is_sphinx
    _is_sphinx = True
    app.add_config_value('no_underscore_emphasis', False, 'env')
    app.add_config_value('m2r_parse_relative_links', False, 'env')
    app.add_config_value('m2r_anonymous_references', False, 'env')
    app.add_config_value('m2r_disable_inline_math', False, 'env')
    app.add_source_parser('.md', M2RParser)
    app.add_directive('mdinclude', MdInclude)
    metadata = dict(
        version=__version__,
        parallel_read_safe=True,
        parallel_write_safe=True, )
    return metadata


def convert(text, **kwargs):
    """convert"""
    return M2R(**kwargs)(text)


def parse_from_file(file, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
    """parse_from_file"""
    if not os.path.exists(file):
        raise OSError('No such file exists: {}'.format(file))
    with _open(file, encoding=encoding) as f:
        src = f.read()
    output = convert(src, **kwargs)
    return output


def save_to_file(file, src, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
    """save_to_file"""
    target = os.path.splitext(file)[0] + '.rst'
    if not options.overwrite and os.path.exists(target):
        confirm = input('{} already exists. overwrite it? [y/n]: '.format(
            target))
        if confirm.upper() not in ('Y', 'YES'):
            print('skip {}'.format(file))
            return
    with _open(target, 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
        f.write(src)


def main():
    """main"""
    parse_options()  # parse cli options
    if not options.input_file:
        parser.print_help()
        parser.exit(0)
    for file in options.input_file:
        output = parse_from_file(file)
        if options.dry_run:
            print(output)
        else:
            save_to_file(file, output)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()