* Change ProgramDesc not a global variable

* Polish code style

* Correct implement BlockDesc destructor

* Unify program as parameter name

* Add no_grad_vars for grad_op_maker

* Add unittest

* Fix unittest

* Fix unittest

* Follow comment

* Remove attr_checker from CreateGradOpDescs()

* Fix merge error

* Fix bug in backward_test.cc

* Add Get/Has methods to OpInfoMap
* Add PADDLE_ENFORCE for OpInfo to get field.

Fix cycle dependencies, Fix #3583.

Add OperatorBase.

issue: https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/issues/2790

Paddle design the Operator with Kernel. OperatorBase has no type and device information when create, One operator can have multiple kernels, Operator will choose a kernel to run according to context. The kernel should be bind to Operator before or during Operator running.

* Move static variable defined in .cc

We cannot define static variable in .h, because it will be multi-defined
errors.

Also fix some cpp syntax, like:

* Prefer to use algorithm not manually for-loop, to make code more
  readable.
* Remove unused `()`.
* Enforce take a bool. It is no need `xxx==true`.
* Use range-based for-loop iterator from op_desc.attrs

* Fix a protential static variable init order error