[WIP] Refine MultiDevSSAGraph (#15040)

* refine parallel_exe
test=develop

* rename shared_var_device

* code refine

* add test_weight_decay

* remove Sort
test=develop

* Add SortForReduce
test=develop

* code refine
test=develop

* follow comment
test=develop

paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_pass.cc

@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@ namespace {
 typedef std::vector<OpHandleBase *> GraphOps;
 const char kGraphOps[] = "ops";
 
+bool OpHaveRole(const ir::Node &node, const framework::OpRole &role) {
+  return boost::get<int>(
+             node.Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
+         static_cast<int>(role);
+}
+
 void PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(ir::Graph *graph) {
   for (auto &var_map : graph->Get<GraphVars>(kGraphVars)) {
     for (auto &name_pair : var_map) {
@@ -147,6 +153,7 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Init() const {
 #endif
 
   balance_vars_.resize(places_.size(), 0);
+
   if (strategy_.enable_data_balance_ && places_.size() == 1) {
     LOG(WARNING) << "It is no need to enable data balance when there is only "
                     "one place. enable_data_balance is set to False.";
@@ -154,145 +161,16 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Init() const {
   }
 }
 
-void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpHandleIOs(ir::Graph *result,
-                                                ir::Node *node,
-                                                size_t place_id) const {
-  auto p = places_[place_id];
-  auto *op_handle = result->Get<GraphOps>(kGraphOps).back();
-  op_handle->SetDeviceContext(p,
-                              platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(p));
-
-  for (ir::Node *input : node->inputs) {
-    VarHandle *var = CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(result, input, p, place_id);
-    op_handle->AddInput(var);
-  }
-
-  for (ir::Node *output : node->outputs) {
-    ir::Node *new_node = nullptr;
-    if (output->Var()) {
-      new_node = result->CreateVarNode(output->Var());
-    } else {
-      new_node =
-          result->CreateEmptyNode(output->Name(), ir::Node::Type::kVariable);
-    }
-    CreateOpOutput(result, op_handle, new_node, p, place_id);
-  }
-}
-
-std::vector<std::string> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::FindDistTrainSendVars(
-    const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const {
-  std::vector<std::string> send_vars;
-  // since parameters are all in block 0,
-  // it's enough to only scan send ops in block 0
-  for (auto &node : nodes) {
-    OpDesc *op = node->Op();
-    // TODO(Yancey1989): use a graceful method to find send op,
-    // instead of the the hard code string
-    if (op->Type() == "send") {
-      auto op_vars = op->InputArgumentNames();
-      send_vars.reserve(send_vars.size() +
-                        std::distance(op_vars.begin(), op_vars.end()));
-      send_vars.insert(send_vars.end(), op_vars.begin(), op_vars.end());
-    }
-  }
-  return send_vars;
-}
-
-std::vector<std::string> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::FindDistTrainRecvVars(
-    const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const {
-  std::vector<std::string> recv_vars;
-  for (auto &node : nodes) {
-    OpDesc *op = node->Op();
-    // TODO(Yancey1989): use a graceful method to find recv op,
-    // instead of the hard code string
-    if (op->Type() == "recv") {
-      auto op_vars = op->OutputArgumentNames();
-      recv_vars.reserve(recv_vars.size() +
-                        std::distance(op_vars.begin(), op_vars.end()));
-      recv_vars.insert(recv_vars.end(), op_vars.begin(), op_vars.end());
-    }
-  }
-  return recv_vars;
-}
-
-size_t MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetAppropriateDeviceID(
-    const std::vector<std::string> &var_names) const {
-  int64_t numel_sum = 0;
-  for (auto var_name : var_names) {
-    if (all_vars_.find(var_name) == all_vars_.end()) continue;
-    auto var_desc = all_vars_.at(var_name);
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var_desc);
-    auto dim = framework::make_ddim(var_desc->GetShape());
-    int64_t numel = framework::product(dim);
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(numel, 0);
-    numel_sum += numel;
-  }
-
-  auto smallest =
-      std::min_element(std::begin(balance_vars_), std::end(balance_vars_));
-  size_t dev_id =
-      static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(std::begin(balance_vars_), smallest));
-  balance_vars_[dev_id] += numel_sum;
-  return dev_id;
-}
-
-// Topology sort the graph nodes from inputs to outputs.
-// Since SSAGraphBuilder depends on forward/backward nodes to assign devices
-// to parameter/gradients before optimizer ops, topo sort is insufficient. (
-// some optimizer ops might not depend on any nodes), we manually move all
-// optimizer nodes after last backward nodes.
-// However, the assumption by SSAGraphBuilder should be relaxed in the future.
-std::vector<ir::Node *> SortOpsAndDelayOptimizeOp(const ir::Graph &graph) {
-  std::vector<ir::Node *> ret = ir::TopologySortOperations(graph);
-  size_t last_backward = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); ++i) {
-    if (boost::get<int>(
-            ret[i]->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
-        static_cast<int>(OpRole::kBackward)) {
-      last_backward = i;
-    }
-  }
-
-  std::vector<ir::Node *> optimize_ops;
-  std::vector<ir::Node *> sorted_ret;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < ret.size(); ++i) {
-    if (i < last_backward) {
-      if (static_cast<bool>(boost::get<int>(ret[i]->Op()->GetAttr(
-                                OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) &
-                            static_cast<int>(OpRole::kOptimize))) {
-        optimize_ops.push_back(ret[i]);
-      } else {
-        sorted_ret.push_back(ret[i]);
-      }
-    } else if (i == last_backward) {
-      sorted_ret.push_back(ret[i]);
-      // Verify that no operations before optimize ops depends on optimize ops.
-      std::unordered_set<ir::Node *> optimize_set(optimize_ops.begin(),
-                                                  optimize_ops.end());
-      for (ir::Node *n : sorted_ret) {
-        for (ir::Node *in : n->inputs) {
-          for (ir::Node *pre_n : in->inputs) {
-            PADDLE_ENFORCE(optimize_set.find(pre_n) == optimize_set.end(),
-                           "optimize operations cannot be depended by forward "
-                           "or backward node %s -> %s",
-                           pre_n->Name(), n->Name());
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      sorted_ret.insert(sorted_ret.end(), optimize_ops.begin(),
-                        optimize_ops.end());
-    } else {
-      sorted_ret.push_back(ret[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  return sorted_ret;
-}
-
 std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
     std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) const {
   Init();
   // Give the topology sort order and rebuild the graph structure.
-  std::vector<ir::Node *> sorted_ops = SortOpsAndDelayOptimizeOp(*graph);
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> sorted_ops = ir::TopologySortOperations(*graph);
+
+  if (strategy_.reduce_ == BuildStrategy::ReduceStrategy::kReduce) {
+    sorted_ops = SortForReduceMode(sorted_ops);
+  }
+
   auto nodes = graph->ReleaseNodes();
   ir::Graph &result = *graph;
 
@@ -303,31 +181,22 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
       all_vars_.emplace(node->Name(), node->Var());
     }
   }
-  std::unordered_set<std::string> og_has_been_broadcast;
 
   // We cannot invoke resize. It is a bug of GCC 4.8
   result.Set(kGraphVars, new GraphVars(places_.size()));
   result.Set(kGraphDepVars, new GraphDepVars);
   result.Set(kGraphOps, new GraphOps);
 
-  // find send/recv vars so that we can place the distributed training
-  // related op in the place 0
-  auto send_vars = FindDistTrainSendVars(sorted_ops);
-  auto recv_vars = FindDistTrainRecvVars(sorted_ops);
-
   std::vector<std::unordered_set<std::string>> bcast_var_name_set;
   bcast_var_name_set.resize(places_.size());
 
-  size_t cur_device_id = 0;
   bool is_forwarding = true;
   bool is_dist_train = false;
 
   std::unordered_map<std::string, int> sharded_var_device;
 
   for (ir::Node *node : sorted_ops) {
-    if (boost::get<int>(
-            node->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
-        static_cast<int>(OpRole::kRPC)) {
+    if (OpHaveRole(*node, OpRole::kRPC)) {
       int op_dev_id = CreateRPCOp(&result, node, &sharded_var_device);
       PADDLE_ENFORCE(op_dev_id != -1,
                      "Can not schedule the RPC operator to the right place.");
@@ -341,9 +210,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
         }
       }
       is_dist_train = true;
-    } else if (boost::get<int>(node->Op()->GetAttr(
-                   OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==
-               static_cast<int>(OpRole::kDist)) {
+    } else if (OpHaveRole(*node, OpRole::kDist)) {
       int op_dev_id = CreateDistTrainOp(&result, node, &sharded_var_device);
       if (node->Op()->Type() == "concat") {
         auto origin_param_name = node->Op()->OutputArgumentNames()[0];
@@ -365,7 +232,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
       // the block.
       is_forwarding = false;
     } else {
-      int op_dev_id = GetOpDeviceID(result, node, sharded_var_device);
+      int op_dev_id = GetOpDeviceID(node, sharded_var_device);
       if (op_dev_id != -1) {  // This op only runs on one specific device.
         CreateComputationalOp(&result, node, op_dev_id);
         for (ir::Node *n : node->outputs) {
@@ -385,11 +252,13 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
         }
 
         if (!is_forwarding && (places_.size() > 1 || num_trainers > 1)) {
+          bool is_bk_op =
+              static_cast<bool>(boost::get<int>(node->Op()->GetAttr(
+                                    OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) &
+                                static_cast<int>(OpRole::kBackward));
+          if (!is_bk_op) continue;
           // Currently, we assume that once gradient is generated, it can be
           // broadcast, and each gradient is only broadcast once.
-          if (static_cast<bool>(boost::get<int>(node->Op()->GetAttr(
-                                    OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) &
-                                static_cast<int>(OpRole::kBackward))) {
           try {
             auto backward_vars = boost::get<std::vector<std::string>>(
                 node->Op()->GetNullableAttr(
@@ -401,7 +270,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
               auto &p_name = backward_vars[i];
               auto &g_name = backward_vars[i + 1];
               VLOG(10) << "Bcast " << g_name << " for parameter " << p_name;
-
+              size_t cur_device_id = -1;
               switch (strategy_.reduce_) {
                 case BuildStrategy::ReduceStrategy::kReduce:
                   cur_device_id = GetAppropriateDeviceID({g_name});
@@ -430,7 +299,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
       }
     }
   }
-  }
   bool use_gpu = false;
 #if defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA) && !defined(_WIN32)
   use_gpu = nccl_ctxs_ != nullptr;
@@ -469,12 +337,108 @@ std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::ApplyImpl(
   return graph;
 }
 
-bool MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::IsSparseGradient(const std::string &og) const {
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(all_vars_.count(og) != 0);
-  if (all_vars_.at(og)->GetType() == proto::VarType::SELECTED_ROWS) {
-    return true;
+std::vector<ir::Node *> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::SortForReduceMode(
+    const std::vector<ir::Node *> &topo_ops) const {
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, int> sharded_var_device;
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> sorted_ops;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<ir::Node *>> delayed_op;
+  sorted_ops.reserve(topo_ops.size());
+
+  auto insert_delayed_op = [&](const std::string &var_name, int dev_id) {
+    sharded_var_device.emplace(var_name, dev_id);
+    if (delayed_op.count(var_name)) {
+      auto &ops = delayed_op.at(var_name);
+      sorted_ops.insert(sorted_ops.end(), ops.begin(), ops.end());
+      delayed_op.at(var_name).clear();
+    }
+  };
+
+  for (ir::Node *node : topo_ops) {
+    int op_dev_id = GetOpDeviceID(node, sharded_var_device, &delayed_op);
+    if (op_dev_id > -1) {
+      // This op only runs on one specific device.
+      sorted_ops.emplace_back(node);
+      for (ir::Node *n : node->outputs) {
+        insert_delayed_op(n->Name(), op_dev_id);
       }
-  return false;
+    } else if (op_dev_id == -1) {
+      // This op runs on all devices, and its output may have parameter's
+      // gradients.
+      sorted_ops.emplace_back(node);
+      bool is_bk_op =
+          static_cast<bool>(boost::get<int>(node->Op()->GetAttr(
+                                OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) &
+                            static_cast<int>(OpRole::kBackward));
+      if (!is_bk_op) continue;
+      // Currently, we assume that once gradient is generated, it can be
+      // broadcast, and each gradient is only broadcast once.
+      std::vector<std::string> backward_vars;
+      try {
+        backward_vars =
+            boost::get<std::vector<std::string>>(node->Op()->GetNullableAttr(
+                OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleVarAttrName()));
+      } catch (boost::bad_get e) {
+      }
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(backward_vars.size() % 2, 0);
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < backward_vars.size(); i += 2) {
+        auto &g_name = backward_vars[i + 1];
+        size_t cur_device_id = GetAppropriateDeviceID({g_name});
+        insert_delayed_op(g_name, static_cast<int>(cur_device_id));
+      }
+    } else if (op_dev_id == -2) {
+      // The Op on which the Op depends has not yet been generated.
+    }
+  }
+
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(sorted_ops.size(), topo_ops.size());
+  return sorted_ops;
+}
+
+void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpHandleIOs(ir::Graph *result,
+                                                ir::Node *node,
+                                                size_t place_id) const {
+  auto p = places_[place_id];
+  auto *op_handle = result->Get<GraphOps>(kGraphOps).back();
+  op_handle->SetDeviceContext(p,
+                              platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(p));
+
+  for (ir::Node *input : node->inputs) {
+    VarHandle *var = CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(result, input, p, place_id);
+    op_handle->AddInput(var);
+  }
+
+  for (ir::Node *output : node->outputs) {
+    ir::Node *new_node = nullptr;
+    if (output->Var()) {
+      new_node = result->CreateVarNode(output->Var());
+    } else {
+      new_node =
+          result->CreateEmptyNode(output->Name(), ir::Node::Type::kVariable);
+    }
+    CreateOpOutput(result, op_handle, new_node, p, place_id);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetAppropriateDeviceID(
+    const std::vector<std::string> &var_names) const {
+  int64_t numel_sum = 0;
+  for (auto var_name : var_names) {
+    if (all_vars_.find(var_name) == all_vars_.end()) continue;
+    auto var_desc = all_vars_.at(var_name);
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var_desc);
+    auto dim = framework::make_ddim(var_desc->GetShape());
+    int64_t numel = framework::product(dim);
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(numel, 0);
+    numel_sum += numel;
+  }
+
+  auto smallest =
+      std::min_element(std::begin(balance_vars_), std::end(balance_vars_));
+  size_t dev_id =
+      static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(std::begin(balance_vars_), smallest));
+  balance_vars_[dev_id] += numel_sum;
+  return dev_id;
 }
 
 void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::SetCommunicationContext(
@@ -625,28 +589,52 @@ void MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::InsertDataBalanceOp(
 }
 
 int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetOpDeviceID(
-    const ir::Graph &graph, ir::Node *node,
+    ir::Node *node,
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> &sharded_var_device,
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<ir::Node *>> *delay_ops) const {
+  if (strategy_.reduce_ != BuildStrategy::ReduceStrategy::kReduce) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (!OpHaveRole(*node, framework::OpRole::kOptimize)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  auto param_grad = boost::get<std::vector<std::string>>(
+      node->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleVarAttrName()));
+
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(param_grad.size(), 2U);
+  int dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(param_grad[1], sharded_var_device);
+
+  if (dev_id == -1) {
+    (*delay_ops)[param_grad[1]].push_back(node);
+    return -2;
+  }
+  return dev_id;
+}
+
+int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetOpDeviceID(
+    ir::Node *node,
     const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> &sharded_var_device) const {
   if (strategy_.reduce_ != BuildStrategy::ReduceStrategy::kReduce) {
     return -1;
   }
-  int op_role = boost::get<int>(
-      node->Op()->GetAttr(framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName()));
-  if (op_role != static_cast<int>(framework::OpRole::kOptimize)) {
+
+  if (!OpHaveRole(*node, framework::OpRole::kOptimize)) {
     return -1;
   }
   auto param_grad = boost::get<std::vector<std::string>>(
       node->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleVarAttrName()));
 
   PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(param_grad.size(), 2U);
-  int dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(graph, param_grad[1], sharded_var_device);
+  int dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(param_grad[1], sharded_var_device);
   PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(dev_id, -1, "dev_id should not be -1.[%s, %s, %s]",
                     node->Op()->Type(), param_grad[0], param_grad[1]);
   return dev_id;
 }
 
 int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::GetVarDeviceID(
-    const ir::Graph &graph, const std::string &varname,
+    const std::string &varname,
     const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> &sharded_var_device) const {
   auto got = sharded_var_device.find(varname);
   if (got == sharded_var_device.end()) {
@@ -740,8 +728,7 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateDistTrainOp(
       node->Op()->Type() == "split_selected_rows" ||
       node->Op()->Type() == "split_ids") {
     // TODO(paddle-dev): getting the first var is not safe.
-    op_dev_id =
-        GetVarDeviceID(*result, input_var_names[0], *sharded_var_device);
+    op_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(input_var_names[0], *sharded_var_device);
     if (strategy_.reduce_ == BuildStrategy::ReduceStrategy::kAllReduce) {
       op_dev_id = GetAppropriateDeviceID(input_var_names);
       for (auto &varname : input_var_names) {
@@ -752,8 +739,7 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateDistTrainOp(
       sharded_var_device->emplace(varname, op_dev_id);
     }
   } else if (node->Op()->Type() == "concat") {
-    op_dev_id =
-        GetVarDeviceID(*result, input_var_names[0], *sharded_var_device);
+    op_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(input_var_names[0], *sharded_var_device);
     for (auto &varname : output_var_names) {
       sharded_var_device->emplace(varname, op_dev_id);
     }
@@ -794,8 +780,7 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateRPCOp(
   int op_dev_id = -1;
   if (node->Op()->Type() == "send") {
     // TODO(paddle-dev): getting the first var is not safe.
-    op_dev_id =
-        GetVarDeviceID(*result, node->inputs[0]->Name(), *sharded_var_device);
+    op_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(node->inputs[0]->Name(), *sharded_var_device);
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(!ir::IsControlDepVar(*node->inputs[0]),
                    "This hack no longer holds, please fix.");
     // the variable name which contains .block means it was splited by
@@ -825,8 +810,7 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateRPCOp(
     auto recv_param_grad = boost::get<std::vector<std::string>>(
         node->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleVarAttrName()));
     if (recv_param_grad.size() == 2U) {
-      op_dev_id =
-          GetVarDeviceID(*result, recv_param_grad[1], *sharded_var_device);
+      op_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(recv_param_grad[1], *sharded_var_device);
       VLOG(10) << "recv param " << recv_param_grad[0]
                << " get grad place: " << recv_param_grad[1]
                << " place: " << op_dev_id;
@@ -861,8 +845,7 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateRPCOp(
     for (ir::Node *output : node->outputs) {
       int outvar_dev_id = op_dev_id;
       if (node->Op()->Type() == "fetch_barrier") {
-        outvar_dev_id =
-            GetVarDeviceID(*result, output->Name(), *sharded_var_device);
+        outvar_dev_id = GetVarDeviceID(output->Name(), *sharded_var_device);
         PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(outvar_dev_id, -1, "output name %s", output->Name());
       }
       p = places_[outvar_dev_id];
@@ -879,6 +862,14 @@ int MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::CreateRPCOp(
   return op_dev_id;
 }
 
+bool MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::IsSparseGradient(const std::string &og) const {
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(all_vars_.count(og) != 0);
+  if (all_vars_.at(og)->GetType() == proto::VarType::SELECTED_ROWS) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 bool MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::IsScaleLossOp(ir::Node *node) const {
   return boost::get<int>(
              node->Op()->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) ==

paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_pass.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public ir::Pass {
 #endif
 
   int GetVarDeviceID(
-      const ir::Graph &graph, const std::string &varname,
+      const std::string &varname,
       const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> &sharded_var_device) const;
 
   bool IsScaleLossOp(ir::Node *node) const;
@@ -57,12 +57,6 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public ir::Pass {
       ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
       std::unordered_map<std::string, int> *sharded_var_device) const;
 
-  std::vector<std::string> FindDistTrainSendVars(
-      const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const;
-
-  std::vector<std::string> FindDistTrainRecvVars(
-      const std::vector<ir::Node *> &nodes) const;
-
   void CreateComputationalOps(ir::Graph *result, ir::Node *node,
                               size_t num_places) const;
 
@@ -77,7 +71,7 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public ir::Pass {
                              int dev_id) const;
 
   int GetOpDeviceID(
-      const ir::Graph &graph, ir::Node *node,
+      ir::Node *node,
       const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> &sharded_var_device) const;
 
   void InsertAllReduceOp(ir::Graph *result, const std::string &og) const;
@@ -100,6 +94,15 @@ class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public ir::Pass {
   void SetCommunicationContext(OpHandleBase *op_handle,
                                const platform::Place &p) const;
 
+  std::vector<ir::Node *> SortForReduceMode(
+      const std::vector<ir::Node *> &) const;
+
+  int GetOpDeviceID(
+      ir::Node *node,
+      const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> &shared_var_device,
+      std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<ir::Node *>> *delay_ops)
+      const;
+
   mutable std::string loss_var_name_;
   mutable std::vector<platform::Place> places_;
   mutable std::vector<Scope *> local_scopes_;

paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.cc

@@ -23,66 +23,8 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
 namespace ir {
-namespace {
-
-void CheckProgram(const ProgramDesc &program) {
-#define _INT(role) static_cast<int>(role)
-
-  std::map<int, bool> visit;
-  for (OpDesc *op : program.Block(0).AllOps()) {
-    // For backward compatibility, some program doesn't have role added.
-    if (!op->HasAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName())) continue;
-    int role_id =
-        boost::get<int>(op->GetAttr(OpProtoAndCheckerMaker::OpRoleAttrName()));
-    visit[role_id] = true;
-    switch (role_id) {
-      case _INT(OpRole::kForward):
-        if (visit.find(_INT(OpRole::kBackward)) != visit.end()) {
-          LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot add backward operator before forward operator "
-                     << op->Type();
-        }
-        break;
-      case _INT(OpRole::kBackward):
-      case _INT(OpRole::kBackward) | _INT(OpRole::kLoss):
-        PADDLE_ENFORCE(
-            visit.find(_INT(OpRole::kOptimize)) == visit.end(),
-            "Cannot add backward operator %s after optimize operator.",
-            op->Type());
-        break;
-      case _INT(OpRole::kForward) | _INT(OpRole::kLoss):
-        PADDLE_ENFORCE(visit.find(_INT(OpRole::kBackward) |
-                                  _INT(OpRole::kLoss)) == visit.end(),
-                       "Cannot add backward|loss operator before "
-                       "forward|loss operator %s.",
-                       op->Type());
-        PADDLE_ENFORCE(
-            visit.find(_INT(OpRole::kOptimize)) == visit.end(),
-            "Cannot add forward|loss operator %s after optimize operator.",
-            op->Type());
-        break;
-      case _INT(OpRole::kOptimize):
-      case _INT(OpRole::kOptimize) | _INT(OpRole::kLRSched):
-        PADDLE_ENFORCE(visit.find(_INT(OpRole::kBackward)) != visit.end(),
-                       "Optimize operators %s must follow backward operator.",
-                       op->Type());
-        break;
-      case _INT(OpRole::kLRSched):
-      case _INT(OpRole::kDist):
-      case _INT(OpRole::kRPC):
-      case _INT(OpRole::kNotSpecified):
-        break;
-      default:
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown operator role. Don't add new role because "
-                      "you don't know what you are doing.";
-    }
-  }
-
-#undef _INT
-}
-}  // namespace
 
 Graph::Graph(const ProgramDesc &program) : program_(program) {
-  CheckProgram(program_);
   auto var_nodes = InitFromProgram(program_);
   ResolveHazard(var_nodes);
 }

paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.cc

@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@ void ParallelExecutor::BCastParamsToDevices(
     if (paddle::platform::is_gpu_place(main_tensor.place())) {
 #if defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA) && !defined(_WIN32)
       std::vector<void *> buffers;
+      buffers.reserve(member_->places_.size());
       size_t numel = main_tensor.numel();
       ncclDataType_t data_type = platform::ToNCCLDataType(main_tensor.type());
       for (size_t i = 0; i < member_->places_.size(); ++i) {
@@ -353,9 +354,7 @@ void ParallelExecutor::BCastParamsToDevices(
 #endif
     } else {
       platform::CPUPlace cpu;
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < member_->places_.size(); ++i) {
-        if (i == 0) continue;
-
+      for (size_t i = 1; i < member_->places_.size(); ++i) {
         auto local_scope = member_->local_scopes_[i];
         auto *t = local_scope->Var(var)->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
 

python/paddle/fluid/parallel_executor.py

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class ParallelExecutor(object):
                 trainers_endpoints), "num_trainers == len(end_points)"
             build_strategy.trainers_endpoints = trainers_endpoints
 
-        # step5: get persistable_vars, parameter_vars, places. persistable_vars
+        # step6: get persistable_vars, places. persistable_vars
         # need be broadcast to other local_scope.
         persistable_vars = set([
             cpt.to_text(v.name) for v in [
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class ParallelExecutor(object):
 
         places = list(map(place_obj, self._places))
 
-        # step6: init ParallelExecutor
+        # step7: init ParallelExecutor
         self.executor = core.ParallelExecutor(
             places, persistable_vars, main.desc,
             cpt.to_text(loss_name)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_weight_decay.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import contextlib
+
+import unittest
+from functools import partial
+import numpy as np
+import paddle
+import paddle.fluid.core as core
+
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+
+
+def get_places():
+    places = []
+    if core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
+        places.append(core.CUDAPlace(0))
+    return places
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def prog_scope_guard(main_prog, startup_prog):
+    scope = fluid.core.Scope()
+    with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            with fluid.program_guard(main_prog, startup_prog):
+                yield
+
+
+def bow_net(data,
+            label,
+            dict_dim,
+            is_sparse=False,
+            emb_dim=128,
+            hid_dim=128,
+            hid_dim2=96,
+            class_dim=2):
+    """
+    BOW net
+    This model is from https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/models:
+    fluid/PaddleNLP/text_classification/nets.py
+    """
+    emb = fluid.layers.embedding(
+        input=data, is_sparse=is_sparse, size=[dict_dim, emb_dim])
+    bow = fluid.layers.sequence_pool(input=emb, pool_type='sum')
+    bow_tanh = fluid.layers.tanh(bow)
+    fc_1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=bow_tanh, size=hid_dim, act="tanh")
+    fc_2 = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc_1, size=hid_dim2, act="tanh")
+    prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=[fc_2], size=class_dim, act="softmax")
+    cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+    avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(x=cost)
+
+    return avg_cost
+
+
+class TestWeightDecay(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.word_dict = paddle.dataset.imdb.word_dict()
+        reader = paddle.batch(
+            paddle.dataset.imdb.train(self.word_dict), batch_size=4)()
+        self.train_data = [next(reader) for _ in range(5)]
+        self.learning_rate = .5
+
+    def run_executor(self, place, feed_list, loss):
+        exe = fluid.Executor(place)
+        feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(feed_list=feed_list, place=place)
+        exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
+        main_prog = fluid.default_main_program()
+        loss_set = []
+        for data in self.train_data:
+            out = exe.run(main_prog,
+                          feed=feeder.feed(data),
+                          fetch_list=[loss.name])
+
+            print("loss              %s" % (np.average(out)))
+            loss_set.append(np.average(out))
+
+        return loss_set
+
+    def run_parallel_exe(self,
+                         place,
+                         feed_list,
+                         loss,
+                         use_cuda=True,
+                         use_reduce=False,
+                         use_fast_executor=False,
+                         use_ir_memory_optimize=False):
+        exe = fluid.Executor(place)
+        feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(feed_list=feed_list, place=place)
+        exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
+
+        exec_strategy = fluid.ExecutionStrategy()
+        if use_fast_executor:
+            exec_strategy.use_experimental_executor = True
+
+        build_strategy = fluid.BuildStrategy()
+        build_strategy.reduce_strategy = fluid.BuildStrategy.ReduceStrategy.Reduce \
+                if use_reduce else fluid.BuildStrategy.ReduceStrategy.AllReduce
+        build_strategy.memory_optimize = use_ir_memory_optimize
+
+        parallel_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
+            use_cuda,
+            loss_name=loss.name,
+            exec_strategy=exec_strategy,
+            build_strategy=build_strategy)
+
+        loss_set = []
+        for data in self.train_data:
+            out = parallel_exe.run(feed=feeder.feed(data),
+                                   fetch_list=[loss.name])
+            print("loss              %s" % (np.average(out)))
+            loss_set.append(np.average(out))
+
+        return loss_set
+
+    def check_weight_decay(self,
+                           place,
+                           model,
+                           use_parallel_exe=False,
+                           use_reduce=False):
+        main_prog = fluid.framework.Program()
+        startup_prog = fluid.framework.Program()
+        startup_prog.random_seed = 1
+        with prog_scope_guard(main_prog=main_prog, startup_prog=startup_prog):
+
+            data = fluid.layers.data(
+                name="words", shape=[1], dtype="int64", lod_level=1)
+            label = fluid.layers.data(name="label", shape=[1], dtype="int64")
+
+            avg_cost = model(data, label, len(self.word_dict))
+
+            param_list = [(var, var * self.learning_rate)
+                          for var in main_prog.block(0).all_parameters()]
+
+            optimizer = fluid.optimizer.Adagrad(
+                learning_rate=self.learning_rate)
+
+            optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)
+
+            for params in param_list:
+                updated_p = fluid.layers.elementwise_sub(
+                    x=params[0], y=params[1])
+                fluid.layers.assign(input=updated_p, output=params[0])
+
+            if use_parallel_exe:
+                loss = self.run_parallel_exe(
+                    place, [data, label],
+                    loss=avg_cost,
+                    use_cuda=True,
+                    use_reduce=use_reduce)
+            else:
+                loss = self.run_executor(place, [data, label], loss=avg_cost)
+
+        return loss
+
+    def test_weight_decay(self):
+        model = partial(bow_net, is_sparse=False)
+        for place in get_places():
+            loss = self.check_weight_decay(place, model, use_parallel_exe=False)
+
+            loss2 = self.check_weight_decay(
+                place, model, use_parallel_exe=True, use_reduce=False)
+
+            for i in range(len(loss)):
+                assert np.isclose(a=loss[i], b=loss2[i], rtol=5e-5)
+
+            loss3 = self.check_weight_decay(
+                place, model, use_parallel_exe=True, use_reduce=True)
+
+            for i in range(len(loss)):
+                assert np.isclose(a=loss[i], b=loss3[i], rtol=5e-5)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()