add hrnet mpii dataset; (#3460)

add dark deploy supported, mpii deploy supported;

configs/keypoint/README.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 
 ####   Model Zoo
-
+COCO数据集
 | 模型              | 输入尺寸 | 通道数 | AP(coco val) |                           模型下载                           | 配置文件                                                    |
 | :---------------- | -------- | ------ | :----------: | :----------------------------------------------------------: | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
 | HigherHRNet       | 512      | 32     |     67.1     | [higherhrnet_hrnet_w32_512.pdparams](https://paddledet.bj.bcebos.com/models/keypoint/higherhrnet_hrnet_w32_512.pdparams) | [config](./higherhrnet/higherhrnet_hrnet_w32_512.yml)       |
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@
 | HRNet+DarkPose             | 384x288  | 32     |     78.3     | [dark_hrnet_w32_384x288.pdparams](https://paddledet.bj.bcebos.com/models/keypoint/dark_hrnet_w32_384x288.pdparams) | [config](./hrnet/dark_hrnet_w32_384x288.yml)                     |
 备注： Top-Down模型测试AP结果基于GroundTruth标注框
 
+MPII数据集
+| 模型  | 输入尺寸 | 通道数 | PCKh(Mean) | PCKh(Mean@0.1) |                           模型下载                           | 配置文件                                     |
+| :---- | -------- | ------ | :--------: | :------------: | :----------------------------------------------------------: | -------------------------------------------- |
+| HRNet | 256x256  | 32     |    90.6    |      38.5      | [hrnet_w32_256x256_mpii.pdparams](https://paddledet.bj.bcebos.com/models/keypoint/hrnet_w32_256x256_mpii.pdparams) | [config](./hrnet/hrnet_w32_256x256_mpii.yml) |
+
+
 ## 快速开始
 
 ### 1、环境安装
@@ -74,9 +80,9 @@ python tools/export_model.py -c configs/keypoint/higherhrnet/higherhrnet_hrnet_w
 
 #部署推理
 #keypoint top-down/bottom-up 单独推理，该模式下top-down模型只支持单人截图预测。
-python deploy/python/keypoint_infer.py --model_dir=output_inference/higherhrnet_hrnet_w32_512/ --image_file=./demo/000000014439_640x640.jpg --use_gpu=True --threshold=0.5
-python deploy/python/keypoint_infer.py --model_dir=output_inference/hrnet_w32_384x288/ --image_file=./demo/hrnet_demo.jpg --use_gpu=True --threshold=0.5
+python deploy/python/keypoint_infer.py --model_dir=output_inference/higherhrnet_hrnet_w32_512/ --image_file=./demo/000000014439_640x640.jpg --device=gpu --threshold=0.5
+python deploy/python/keypoint_infer.py --model_dir=output_inference/hrnet_w32_384x288/ --image_file=./demo/hrnet_demo.jpg --device=gpu --threshold=0.5
 
 #keypoint top-down模型 + detector 检测联合部署推理（联合推理只支持top-down方式）
-python deploy/python/keypoint_det_unite_infer.py --det_model_dir=output_inference/ppyolo_r50vd_dcn_2x_coco/ --keypoint_model_dir=output_inference/hrnet_w32_384x288/ --video_file=../video/xxx.mp4  --use_gpu=True
+python deploy/python/keypoint_det_unite_infer.py --det_model_dir=output_inference/ppyolo_r50vd_dcn_2x_coco/ --keypoint_model_dir=output_inference/hrnet_w32_384x288/ --video_file=../video/xxx.mp4  --device=gpu
 ```

configs/keypoint/hrnet/dark_hrnet_w32_256x192.yml

@@ -118,9 +118,6 @@ EvalReader:
   sample_transforms:
     - TopDownAffine:
         trainsize: *trainsize
-    - ToHeatmapsTopDown_DARK:
-        hmsize: *hmsize
-        sigma: 2
   batch_transforms:
     - NormalizeImage:
         mean: *global_mean

configs/keypoint/hrnet/dark_hrnet_w48_256x192.yml

@@ -118,9 +118,6 @@ EvalReader:
   sample_transforms:
     - TopDownAffine:
         trainsize: *trainsize
-    - ToHeatmapsTopDown_DARK:
-        hmsize: *hmsize
-        sigma: 2
   batch_transforms:
     - NormalizeImage:
         mean: *global_mean

configs/keypoint/hrnet/hrnet_w32_256x192.yml

@@ -118,9 +118,6 @@ EvalReader:
   sample_transforms:
     - TopDownAffine:
         trainsize: *trainsize
-    - ToHeatmapsTopDown:
-        hmsize: *hmsize
-        sigma: 2
   batch_transforms:
     - NormalizeImage:
         mean: *global_mean

configs/keypoint/hrnet/hrnet_w32_256x256_mpii.yml

+use_gpu: true
+log_iter: 5
+save_dir: output
+snapshot_epoch: 10
+weights: output/hrnet_w32_256x256_mpii/model_final
+epoch: 210
+num_joints: &num_joints 16
+pixel_std: &pixel_std 200
+metric: KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval
+num_classes: 1
+train_height: &train_height 256
+train_width: &train_width 256
+trainsize: &trainsize [*train_width, *train_height]
+hmsize: &hmsize [64, 64]
+flip_perm: &flip_perm [[0, 5], [1, 4], [2, 3], [10, 15], [11, 14], [12, 13]]
+
+#####model
+architecture: TopDownHRNet
+pretrain_weights: https://paddledet.bj.bcebos.com/models/pretrained/Trunc_HRNet_W32_C_pretrained.pdparams
+
+TopDownHRNet:
+  backbone: HRNet
+  post_process: HRNetPostProcess
+  flip_perm: *flip_perm
+  num_joints: *num_joints
+  width: &width 32
+  loss: KeyPointMSELoss
+
+HRNet:
+  width: *width
+  freeze_at: -1
+  freeze_norm: false
+  return_idx: [0]
+
+KeyPointMSELoss:
+  use_target_weight: true
+
+
+#####optimizer
+LearningRate:
+  base_lr: 0.0005
+  schedulers:
+  - !PiecewiseDecay
+    milestones: [170, 200]
+    gamma: 0.1
+  - !LinearWarmup
+    start_factor: 0.001
+    steps: 1000
+
+OptimizerBuilder:
+  optimizer:
+    type: Adam
+  regularizer:
+    factor: 0.0
+    type: L2
+
+
+#####data
+TrainDataset:
+  !KeypointTopDownMPIIDataset
+    image_dir: images
+    anno_path: annotations/mpii_train.json
+    dataset_dir: dataset/mpii
+    num_joints: *num_joints
+
+
+EvalDataset:
+  !KeypointTopDownMPIIDataset
+    image_dir: images
+    anno_path: annotations/mpii_val.json
+    dataset_dir: dataset/mpii
+    num_joints: *num_joints
+
+
+TestDataset:
+  !ImageFolder
+    anno_path: dataset/coco/keypoint_imagelist.txt
+
+worker_num: 4
+global_mean: &global_mean [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
+global_std: &global_std [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
+TrainReader:
+  sample_transforms:
+    - RandomFlipHalfBodyTransform:
+        scale: 0.5
+        rot: 40
+        num_joints_half_body: 8
+        prob_half_body: 0.3
+        pixel_std: *pixel_std
+        trainsize: *trainsize
+        upper_body_ids: [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+        flip_pairs: *flip_perm
+    - TopDownAffine:
+        trainsize: *trainsize
+    - ToHeatmapsTopDown:
+        hmsize: *hmsize
+        sigma: 2
+  batch_transforms:
+    - NormalizeImage:
+        mean: *global_mean
+        std: *global_std
+        is_scale: true
+    - Permute: {}
+  batch_size: 64
+  shuffle: true
+  drop_last: false
+
+EvalReader:
+  sample_transforms:
+    - TopDownAffine:
+        trainsize: *trainsize
+  batch_transforms:
+    - NormalizeImage:
+        mean: *global_mean
+        std: *global_std
+        is_scale: true
+    - Permute: {}
+  batch_size: 16
+
+TestReader:
+  sample_transforms:
+    - Decode: {}
+    - TopDownEvalAffine:
+        trainsize: *trainsize
+    - NormalizeImage:
+        mean: *global_mean
+        std: *global_std
+        is_scale: true
+    - Permute: {}
+  batch_size: 1

configs/keypoint/hrnet/hrnet_w32_384x288.yml

@@ -119,9 +119,6 @@ EvalReader:
   sample_transforms:
     - TopDownAffine:
         trainsize: *trainsize
-    - ToHeatmapsTopDown:
-        hmsize: *hmsize
-        sigma: 2
   batch_transforms:
     - NormalizeImage:
         mean: *global_mean

deploy/python/keypoint_det_unite_infer.py

@@ -178,7 +178,8 @@ def main():
         trt_opt_shape=FLAGS.trt_opt_shape,
         trt_calib_mode=FLAGS.trt_calib_mode,
         cpu_threads=FLAGS.cpu_threads,
-        enable_mkldnn=FLAGS.enable_mkldnn)
+        enable_mkldnn=FLAGS.enable_mkldnn,
+        use_dark=FLAGS.use_dark)
 
     # predict from video file or camera video stream
     if FLAGS.video_file is not None or FLAGS.camera_id != -1:

deploy/python/keypoint_infer.py

@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ class KeyPoint_Detector(object):
                  trt_opt_shape=640,
                  trt_calib_mode=False,
                  cpu_threads=1,
-                 enable_mkldnn=False):
+                 enable_mkldnn=False,
+                 use_dark=True):
         self.pred_config = pred_config
         self.predictor, self.config = load_predictor(
             model_dir,
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ class KeyPoint_Detector(object):
             enable_mkldnn=enable_mkldnn)
         self.det_times = Timer()
         self.cpu_mem, self.gpu_mem, self.gpu_util = 0, 0, 0
+        self.use_dark = use_dark
 
     def preprocess(self, im):
         preprocess_ops = []
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ class KeyPoint_Detector(object):
             imshape = inputs['im_shape'][:, ::-1]
             center = np.round(imshape / 2.)
             scale = imshape / 200.
-            keypoint_postprocess = HRNetPostProcess()
+            keypoint_postprocess = HRNetPostProcess(use_dark=self.use_dark)
             results['keypoint'] = keypoint_postprocess(np_boxes, center, scale)
             return results
         else:
@@ -390,7 +392,8 @@ def main():
         trt_opt_shape=FLAGS.trt_opt_shape,
         trt_calib_mode=FLAGS.trt_calib_mode,
         cpu_threads=FLAGS.cpu_threads,
-        enable_mkldnn=FLAGS.enable_mkldnn)
+        enable_mkldnn=FLAGS.enable_mkldnn,
+        use_dark=FLAGS.use_dark)
 
     # predict from video file or camera video stream
     if FLAGS.video_file is not None or FLAGS.camera_id != -1:

deploy/python/keypoint_postprocess.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 from scipy.optimize import linear_sum_assignment
 from collections import abc, defaultdict
+import cv2
 import numpy as np
 import math
 import paddle
@@ -193,6 +194,9 @@ def warp_affine_joints(joints, mat):
 
 
 class HRNetPostProcess(object):
+    def __init__(self, use_dark=True):
+        self.use_dark = use_dark
+
     def flip_back(self, output_flipped, matched_parts):
         assert output_flipped.ndim == 4,\
                 'output_flipped should be [batch_size, num_joints, height, width]'
@@ -242,7 +246,54 @@ class HRNetPostProcess(object):
 
         return preds, maxvals
 
-    def get_final_preds(self, heatmaps, center, scale):
+    def gaussian_blur(self, heatmap, kernel):
+        border = (kernel - 1) // 2
+        batch_size = heatmap.shape[0]
+        num_joints = heatmap.shape[1]
+        height = heatmap.shape[2]
+        width = heatmap.shape[3]
+        for i in range(batch_size):
+            for j in range(num_joints):
+                origin_max = np.max(heatmap[i, j])
+                dr = np.zeros((height + 2 * border, width + 2 * border))
+                dr[border:-border, border:-border] = heatmap[i, j].copy()
+                dr = cv2.GaussianBlur(dr, (kernel, kernel), 0)
+                heatmap[i, j] = dr[border:-border, border:-border].copy()
+                heatmap[i, j] *= origin_max / np.max(heatmap[i, j])
+        return heatmap
+
+    def dark_parse(self, hm, coord):
+        heatmap_height = hm.shape[0]
+        heatmap_width = hm.shape[1]
+        px = int(coord[0])
+        py = int(coord[1])
+        if 1 < px < heatmap_width - 2 and 1 < py < heatmap_height - 2:
+            dx = 0.5 * (hm[py][px + 1] - hm[py][px - 1])
+            dy = 0.5 * (hm[py + 1][px] - hm[py - 1][px])
+            dxx = 0.25 * (hm[py][px + 2] - 2 * hm[py][px] + hm[py][px - 2])
+            dxy = 0.25 * (hm[py+1][px+1] - hm[py-1][px+1] - hm[py+1][px-1] \
+                + hm[py-1][px-1])
+            dyy = 0.25 * (
+                hm[py + 2 * 1][px] - 2 * hm[py][px] + hm[py - 2 * 1][px])
+            derivative = np.matrix([[dx], [dy]])
+            hessian = np.matrix([[dxx, dxy], [dxy, dyy]])
+            if dxx * dyy - dxy**2 != 0:
+                hessianinv = hessian.I
+                offset = -hessianinv * derivative
+                offset = np.squeeze(np.array(offset.T), axis=0)
+                coord += offset
+        return coord
+
+    def dark_postprocess(self, hm, coords, kernelsize):
+        hm = self.gaussian_blur(hm, kernelsize)
+        hm = np.maximum(hm, 1e-10)
+        hm = np.log(hm)
+        for n in range(coords.shape[0]):
+            for p in range(coords.shape[1]):
+                coords[n, p] = self.dark_parse(hm[n][p], coords[n][p])
+        return coords
+
+    def get_final_preds(self, heatmaps, center, scale, kernelsize=3):
         """the highest heatvalue location with a quarter offset in the
         direction from the highest response to the second highest response.
 
@@ -261,17 +312,20 @@ class HRNetPostProcess(object):
         heatmap_height = heatmaps.shape[2]
         heatmap_width = heatmaps.shape[3]
 
-        for n in range(coords.shape[0]):
-            for p in range(coords.shape[1]):
-                hm = heatmaps[n][p]
-                px = int(math.floor(coords[n][p][0] + 0.5))
-                py = int(math.floor(coords[n][p][1] + 0.5))
-                if 1 < px < heatmap_width - 1 and 1 < py < heatmap_height - 1:
-                    diff = np.array([
-                        hm[py][px + 1] - hm[py][px - 1],
-                        hm[py + 1][px] - hm[py - 1][px]
-                    ])
-                    coords[n][p] += np.sign(diff) * .25
+        if self.use_dark:
+            coords = self.dark_postprocess(heatmaps, coords, kernelsize)
+        else:
+            for n in range(coords.shape[0]):
+                for p in range(coords.shape[1]):
+                    hm = heatmaps[n][p]
+                    px = int(math.floor(coords[n][p][0] + 0.5))
+                    py = int(math.floor(coords[n][p][1] + 0.5))
+                    if 1 < px < heatmap_width - 1 and 1 < py < heatmap_height - 1:
+                        diff = np.array([
+                            hm[py][px + 1] - hm[py][px - 1],
+                            hm[py + 1][px] - hm[py - 1][px]
+                        ])
+                        coords[n][p] += np.sign(diff) * .25
         preds = coords.copy()
 
         # Transform back

deploy/python/keypoint_visualize.py

@@ -34,9 +34,16 @@ def draw_pose(imgfile,
                      'for example: `pip install matplotlib`.')
         raise e
 
-    EDGES = [(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (5, 7), (6, 8),
-             (7, 9), (8, 10), (5, 11), (6, 12), (11, 13), (12, 14), (13, 15),
-             (14, 16), (11, 12)]
+    skeletons, scores = results['keypoint']
+    kpt_nums = len(skeletons[0])
+    if kpt_nums == 17:  #plot coco keypoint
+        EDGES = [(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (5, 7), (6, 8),
+                 (7, 9), (8, 10), (5, 11), (6, 12), (11, 13), (12, 14),
+                 (13, 15), (14, 16), (11, 12)]
+    else:  #plot mpii keypoint
+        EDGES = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (3, 4), (4, 5), (2, 6), (3, 6), (6, 7), (7, 8),
+                 (8, 9), (10, 11), (11, 12), (13, 14), (14, 15), (8, 12),
+                 (8, 13)]
     NUM_EDGES = len(EDGES)
 
     colors = [[255, 0, 0], [255, 85, 0], [255, 170, 0], [255, 255, 0], [170, 255, 0], [85, 255, 0], [0, 255, 0], \
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ def draw_pose(imgfile,
     plt.figure()
 
     img = cv2.imread(imgfile) if type(imgfile) == str else imgfile
-    skeletons, scores = results['keypoint']
+
     color_set = results['colors'] if 'colors' in results else None
 
     if 'bbox' in results:
@@ -58,7 +65,7 @@ def draw_pose(imgfile,
             cv2.rectangle(img, (xmin, ymin), (xmax, ymax), color, 1)
 
     canvas = img.copy()
-    for i in range(17):
+    for i in range(kpt_nums):
         for j in range(len(skeletons)):
             if skeletons[j][i, 2] < visual_thread:
                 continue

deploy/python/topdown_unite_utils.py

@@ -103,5 +103,10 @@ def argsparser():
         default=False,
         help="If the model is produced by TRT offline quantitative "
         "calibration, trt_calib_mode need to set True.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--use_dark',
+        type=bool,
+        default=True,
+        help='whether to use darkpose to get better keypoint position predict ')
 
     return parser

deploy/python/utils.py

@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ def argsparser():
         '--save_results',
         action='store_true',
         help='Save tracking results (txt).')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--use_dark',
+        type=bool,
+        default=True,
+        help='whether to use darkpose to get better keypoint position predict ')
     return parser
 
 

ppdet/data/source/keypoint_coco.py

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ from ppdet.core.workspace import register, serializable
 
 @serializable
 class KeypointBottomUpBaseDataset(DetDataset):
-    """Base class for bottom-up datasets.
+    """Base class for bottom-up datasets. Adapted from
+        https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmpose
 
     All datasets should subclass it.
     All subclasses should overwrite:
@@ -86,7 +87,8 @@ class KeypointBottomUpBaseDataset(DetDataset):
 @register
 @serializable
 class KeypointBottomUpCocoDataset(KeypointBottomUpBaseDataset):
-    """COCO dataset for bottom-up pose estimation.
+    """COCO dataset for bottom-up pose estimation. Adapted from
+        https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmpose
 
     The dataset loads raw features and apply specified transforms
     to return a dict containing the image tensors and other information.
@@ -253,7 +255,8 @@ class KeypointBottomUpCocoDataset(KeypointBottomUpBaseDataset):
 @register
 @serializable
 class KeypointBottomUpCrowdPoseDataset(KeypointBottomUpCocoDataset):
-    """CrowdPose dataset for bottom-up pose estimation.
+    """CrowdPose dataset for bottom-up pose estimation. Adapted from
+        https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmpose
 
     The dataset loads raw features and apply specified transforms
     to return a dict containing the image tensors and other information.
@@ -374,7 +377,9 @@ class KeypointTopDownBaseDataset(DetDataset):
 @register
 @serializable
 class KeypointTopDownCocoDataset(KeypointTopDownBaseDataset):
-    """COCO dataset for top-down pose estimation.
+    """COCO dataset for top-down pose estimation. Adapted from
+        https://github.com/leoxiaobin/deep-high-resolution-net.pytorch
+        Copyright (c) Microsoft, under the MIT License.
 
     The dataset loads raw features and apply specified transforms
     to return a dict containing the image tensors and other information.
@@ -567,7 +572,9 @@ class KeypointTopDownCocoDataset(KeypointTopDownBaseDataset):
 @register
 @serializable
 class KeypointTopDownMPIIDataset(KeypointTopDownBaseDataset):
-    """MPII dataset for topdown pose estimation.
+    """MPII dataset for topdown pose estimation. Adapted from
+        https://github.com/leoxiaobin/deep-high-resolution-net.pytorch
+        Copyright (c) Microsoft, under the MIT License.
 
     The dataset loads raw features and apply specified transforms
     to return a dict containing the image tensors and other information.
@@ -653,4 +660,5 @@ class KeypointTopDownMPIIDataset(KeypointTopDownBaseDataset):
                 'joints': joints,
                 'joints_vis': joints_vis
             })
+        print("number length: {}".format(len(gt_db)))
         self.db = gt_db

ppdet/engine/trainer.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from ppdet.optimizer import ModelEMA
 from ppdet.core.workspace import create
 from ppdet.utils.checkpoint import load_weight, load_pretrain_weight
 from ppdet.utils.visualizer import visualize_results, save_result
-from ppdet.metrics import Metric, COCOMetric, VOCMetric, WiderFaceMetric, get_infer_results, KeyPointTopDownCOCOEval
+from ppdet.metrics import Metric, COCOMetric, VOCMetric, WiderFaceMetric, get_infer_results, KeyPointTopDownCOCOEval, KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval
 from ppdet.metrics import RBoxMetric
 from ppdet.data.source.category import get_categories
 import ppdet.utils.stats as stats
@@ -234,6 +234,15 @@ class Trainer(object):
                                         len(eval_dataset), self.cfg.num_joints,
                                         self.cfg.save_dir)
             ]
+        elif self.cfg.metric == 'KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval':
+            eval_dataset = self.cfg['EvalDataset']
+            eval_dataset.check_or_download_dataset()
+            anno_file = eval_dataset.get_anno()
+            self._metrics = [
+                KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval(anno_file,
+                                        len(eval_dataset), self.cfg.num_joints,
+                                        self.cfg.save_dir)
+            ]
         else:
             logger.warn("Metric not support for metric type {}".format(
                 self.cfg.metric))

ppdet/metrics/keypoint_metrics.py

@@ -21,11 +21,18 @@ import numpy as np
 from pycocotools.coco import COCO
 from pycocotools.cocoeval import COCOeval
 from ..modeling.keypoint_utils import oks_nms
+from scipy.io import loadmat, savemat
 
-__all__ = ['KeyPointTopDownCOCOEval']
+__all__ = ['KeyPointTopDownCOCOEval', 'KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval']
 
 
 class KeyPointTopDownCOCOEval(object):
+    '''
+    Adapted from
+        https://github.com/leoxiaobin/deep-high-resolution-net.pytorch
+        Copyright (c) Microsoft, under the MIT License.
+    '''
+
     def __init__(self,
                  anno_file,
                  num_samples,
@@ -200,3 +207,161 @@ class KeyPointTopDownCOCOEval(object):
 
     def get_results(self):
         return self.eval_results
+
+
+class KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval(object):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 anno_file,
+                 num_samples,
+                 num_joints,
+                 output_eval,
+                 oks_thre=0.9):
+        super(KeyPointTopDownMPIIEval, self).__init__()
+        self.ann_file = anno_file
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self.results = []
+        self.eval_results = {}
+        self.idx = 0
+
+    def update(self, inputs, outputs):
+        kpts, _ = outputs['keypoint'][0]
+
+        num_images = inputs['image'].shape[0]
+        results = {}
+        results['preds'] = kpts[:, :, 0:3]
+        results['boxes'] = np.zeros((num_images, 6))
+        results['boxes'][:, 0:2] = inputs['center'].numpy()[:, 0:2]
+        results['boxes'][:, 2:4] = inputs['scale'].numpy()[:, 0:2]
+        results['boxes'][:, 4] = np.prod(inputs['scale'].numpy() * 200, 1)
+        results['boxes'][:, 5] = np.squeeze(inputs['score'].numpy())
+        results['image_path'] = inputs['image_file']
+
+        self.results.append(results)
+
+    def accumulate(self):
+        self.eval_results = self.evaluate(self.results)
+
+    def log(self):
+        for item, value in self.eval_results.items():
+            print("{} : {}".format(item, value))
+
+    def get_results(self):
+        return self.eval_results
+
+    def evaluate(self, outputs, savepath=None):
+        """Evaluate PCKh for MPII dataset. Adapted from
+        https://github.com/leoxiaobin/deep-high-resolution-net.pytorch
+        Copyright (c) Microsoft, under the MIT License.
+
+        Args:
+            outputs(list(preds, boxes)):
+
+                * preds (np.ndarray[N,K,3]): The first two dimensions are
+                  coordinates, score is the third dimension of the array.
+                * boxes (np.ndarray[N,6]): [center[0], center[1], scale[0]
+                  , scale[1],area, score]
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: PCKh for each joint
+        """
+
+        kpts = []
+        for output in outputs:
+            preds = output['preds']
+            batch_size = preds.shape[0]
+            for i in range(batch_size):
+                kpts.append({'keypoints': preds[i]})
+
+        preds = np.stack([kpt['keypoints'] for kpt in kpts])
+
+        # convert 0-based index to 1-based index,
+        # and get the first two dimensions.
+        preds = preds[..., :2] + 1.0
+
+        if savepath is not None:
+            pred_file = os.path.join(savepath, 'pred.mat')
+            savemat(pred_file, mdict={'preds': preds})
+
+        SC_BIAS = 0.6
+        threshold = 0.5
+
+        gt_file = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(self.ann_file), 'mpii_gt_val.mat')
+        gt_dict = loadmat(gt_file)
+        dataset_joints = gt_dict['dataset_joints']
+        jnt_missing = gt_dict['jnt_missing']
+        pos_gt_src = gt_dict['pos_gt_src']
+        headboxes_src = gt_dict['headboxes_src']
+
+        pos_pred_src = np.transpose(preds, [1, 2, 0])
+
+        head = np.where(dataset_joints == 'head')[1][0]
+        lsho = np.where(dataset_joints == 'lsho')[1][0]
+        lelb = np.where(dataset_joints == 'lelb')[1][0]
+        lwri = np.where(dataset_joints == 'lwri')[1][0]
+        lhip = np.where(dataset_joints == 'lhip')[1][0]
+        lkne = np.where(dataset_joints == 'lkne')[1][0]
+        lank = np.where(dataset_joints == 'lank')[1][0]
+
+        rsho = np.where(dataset_joints == 'rsho')[1][0]
+        relb = np.where(dataset_joints == 'relb')[1][0]
+        rwri = np.where(dataset_joints == 'rwri')[1][0]
+        rkne = np.where(dataset_joints == 'rkne')[1][0]
+        rank = np.where(dataset_joints == 'rank')[1][0]
+        rhip = np.where(dataset_joints == 'rhip')[1][0]
+
+        jnt_visible = 1 - jnt_missing
+        uv_error = pos_pred_src - pos_gt_src
+        uv_err = np.linalg.norm(uv_error, axis=1)
+        headsizes = headboxes_src[1, :, :] - headboxes_src[0, :, :]
+        headsizes = np.linalg.norm(headsizes, axis=0)
+        headsizes *= SC_BIAS
+        scale = headsizes * np.ones((len(uv_err), 1), dtype=np.float32)
+        scaled_uv_err = uv_err / scale
+        scaled_uv_err = scaled_uv_err * jnt_visible
+        jnt_count = np.sum(jnt_visible, axis=1)
+        less_than_threshold = (scaled_uv_err <= threshold) * jnt_visible
+        PCKh = 100. * np.sum(less_than_threshold, axis=1) / jnt_count
+
+        # save
+        rng = np.arange(0, 0.5 + 0.01, 0.01)
+        pckAll = np.zeros((len(rng), 16), dtype=np.float32)
+
+        for r, threshold in enumerate(rng):
+            less_than_threshold = (scaled_uv_err <= threshold) * jnt_visible
+            pckAll[r, :] = 100. * np.sum(less_than_threshold,
+                                         axis=1) / jnt_count
+
+        PCKh = np.ma.array(PCKh, mask=False)
+        PCKh.mask[6:8] = True
+
+        jnt_count = np.ma.array(jnt_count, mask=False)
+        jnt_count.mask[6:8] = True
+        jnt_ratio = jnt_count / np.sum(jnt_count).astype(np.float64)
+
+        name_value = [  #noqa
+            ('Head', PCKh[head]),
+            ('Shoulder', 0.5 * (PCKh[lsho] + PCKh[rsho])),
+            ('Elbow', 0.5 * (PCKh[lelb] + PCKh[relb])),
+            ('Wrist', 0.5 * (PCKh[lwri] + PCKh[rwri])),
+            ('Hip', 0.5 * (PCKh[lhip] + PCKh[rhip])),
+            ('Knee', 0.5 * (PCKh[lkne] + PCKh[rkne])),
+            ('Ankle', 0.5 * (PCKh[lank] + PCKh[rank])),
+            ('PCKh', np.sum(PCKh * jnt_ratio)),
+            ('PCKh@0.1', np.sum(pckAll[11, :] * jnt_ratio))
+        ]
+        name_value = OrderedDict(name_value)
+
+        return name_value
+
+    def _sort_and_unique_bboxes(self, kpts, key='bbox_id'):
+        """sort kpts and remove the repeated ones."""
+        kpts = sorted(kpts, key=lambda x: x[key])
+        num = len(kpts)
+        for i in range(num - 1, 0, -1):
+            if kpts[i][key] == kpts[i - 1][key]:
+                del kpts[i]
+
+        return kpts