Merge pull request #9380 from chengduoZH/feature/add_CUDAPinnedPlace

Add CUDAPinnedPlace

paddle/fluid/framework/tensor.h

@@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ class Tensor {
   friend struct EigenVector;
 
  public:
-  Tensor() : offset_(0), is_pinned_(false) {}
+  Tensor() : offset_(0) {}
 
   /*! Constructor with place should only be used in pybind. */
-  explicit Tensor(const platform::Place& place)
-      : offset_(0), is_pinned_(false) {
+  explicit Tensor(const platform::Place& place) : offset_(0) {
     holder_->set_place(place);
   }
 
@@ -70,12 +69,11 @@ class Tensor {
    * @note    If not exist, then allocation.
    */
   template <typename T>
-  inline T* mutable_data(platform::Place place, bool is_pinned = false);
+  inline T* mutable_data(platform::Place place);
 
-  inline void* mutable_data(platform::Place place, std::type_index type,
-                            bool is_pinned = false);
+  inline void* mutable_data(platform::Place place, std::type_index type);
 
-  inline void* mutable_data(platform::Place place, bool is_pinned = false);
+  inline void* mutable_data(platform::Place place);
 
   /**
    * @brief     Return a pointer to mutable memory block.
@@ -86,8 +84,7 @@ class Tensor {
    * @note      If not exist, then allocation.
    */
   template <typename T>
-  inline T* mutable_data(DDim dims, platform::Place place,
-                         bool is_pinned = false);
+  inline T* mutable_data(DDim dims, platform::Place place);
 
   /*! Return the dimensions of the memory block. */
   inline const DDim& dims() const;
@@ -95,9 +92,6 @@ class Tensor {
   /*! Return the numel of the memory block. */
   inline int64_t numel() const;
 
-  /*! Return the numel of the memory block. */
-  inline bool isPinned() const;
-
   /*! Resize the dimensions of the memory block. */
   inline Tensor& Resize(const DDim& dims);
 
@@ -152,14 +146,12 @@ class Tensor {
 
   template <typename Place>
   struct PlaceholderImpl : public Placeholder {
-    PlaceholderImpl(Place place, size_t size, std::type_index type,
-                    bool is_pinned = false)
-        : ptr_(static_cast<uint8_t*>(memory::Alloc(place, size, is_pinned)),
-               memory::PODDeleter<uint8_t, Place>(place, is_pinned)),
+    PlaceholderImpl(Place place, size_t size, std::type_index type)
+        : ptr_(static_cast<uint8_t*>(memory::Alloc(place, size)),
+               memory::PODDeleter<uint8_t, Place>(place)),
           place_(place),
           size_(size),
-          type_(type),
-          is_pinned_(is_pinned) {
+          type_(type) {
       PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(ptr_, "Insufficient %s memory to allocation.",
                               (is_cpu_place(place_) ? "CPU" : "GPU"));
     }
@@ -182,9 +174,6 @@ class Tensor {
 
     /* the current type of memory */
     std::type_index type_;
-
-    /*! use pinned memory or not. */
-    bool is_pinned_;
   };
 
   /*! holds the memory block if allocated. */
@@ -219,7 +208,6 @@ class Tensor {
    *          PlaceHolder::ptr_ and where the tensor data really begins.
    */
   size_t offset_;
-  bool is_pinned_;
 };
 
 inline void Tensor::switch_place(platform::Place new_place) {

paddle/fluid/framework/tensor_impl.h

@@ -101,21 +101,19 @@ inline T* Tensor::data() {
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-inline T* Tensor::mutable_data(DDim dims, platform::Place place,
-                               bool is_pinned) {
+inline T* Tensor::mutable_data(DDim dims, platform::Place place) {
   static_assert(std::is_pod<T>::value, "T must be POD");
   Resize(dims);
-  return mutable_data<T>(place, is_pinned);
+  return mutable_data<T>(place);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-inline T* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place, bool is_pinned) {
+inline T* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place) {
   static_assert(std::is_pod<T>::value, "T must be POD");
-  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(mutable_data(place, typeid(T), is_pinned));
+  return reinterpret_cast<T*>(mutable_data(place, typeid(T)));
 }
 
-inline void* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place, std::type_index type,
-                                  bool is_pinned) {
+inline void* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place, std::type_index type) {
   if (holder_ != nullptr) {
     holder_->set_type(type);
   }
@@ -129,27 +127,26 @@ inline void* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place, std::type_index type,
       holder_->size() < size + offset_) {
     if (platform::is_cpu_place(place)) {
       holder_.reset(new PlaceholderImpl<platform::CPUPlace>(
-          boost::get<platform::CPUPlace>(place), size, type, is_pinned));
+          boost::get<platform::CPUPlace>(place), size, type));
     } else if (platform::is_gpu_place(place)) {
 #ifndef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
       PADDLE_THROW("'CUDAPlace' is not supported in CPU only device.");
     }
 #else
       holder_.reset(new PlaceholderImpl<platform::CUDAPlace>(
-          boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(place), size, type, is_pinned));
+          boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(place), size, type));
     }
 #endif
     offset_ = 0;
-    is_pinned_ = is_pinned;
   }
   return reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(holder_->ptr()) +
                                  offset_);
 }
 
-inline void* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place, bool is_pinned) {
+inline void* Tensor::mutable_data(platform::Place place) {
   PADDLE_ENFORCE(this->holder_ != nullptr,
                  "Cannot invoke mutable data if current hold nothing");
-  return mutable_data(place, holder_->type(), is_pinned);
+  return mutable_data(place, holder_->type());
 }
 
 inline Tensor& Tensor::ShareDataWith(const Tensor& src) {
@@ -191,8 +188,6 @@ inline const DDim& Tensor::dims() const { return dims_; }
 
 inline int64_t Tensor::numel() const { return product(dims_); }
 
-inline bool Tensor::isPinned() const { return is_pinned_; }
-
 inline Tensor ReshapeToMatrix(const Tensor& src, int num_col_dims) {
   Tensor res;
   res.ShareDataWith(src);

paddle/fluid/framework/tensor_util.cc

@@ -148,6 +148,11 @@ struct AnyVisitor : public boost::static_visitor<bool> {
                  const platform::CPUPlace& cpu) const {
     return *out.data<bool>();
   }
+
+  bool GetResult(const framework::Tensor& out,
+                 const platform::CUDAPinnedPlace& cpu) const {
+    return *out.data<bool>();
+  }
 };
 
 template <typename Predicate>

paddle/fluid/memory/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,13 +4,17 @@ cc_library(memory SRCS memory.cc DEPS place enforce)
 cc_library(memcpy SRCS memcpy.cc DEPS place)
 
 cc_library(paddle_memory
-    DEPS
-    memory
-    memcpy
-    meta_data
-    meta_cache
-    memory_block
-    buddy_allocator
-    system_allocator)
+        DEPS
+        memory
+        memcpy
+        meta_data
+        meta_cache
+        memory_block
+        buddy_allocator
+        system_allocator)
 
 cc_test(memory_test SRCS memory_test.cc DEPS place paddle_memory)
+
+#if (WITH_GPU)
+#   nv_test(pinned_memory_test SRCS pinned_memory_test.cu  DEPS place paddle_memory)
+#endif()

paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/assert.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/enforce.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/gpu_info.h"
 
@@ -134,21 +135,31 @@ bool GPUAllocator::UseGpu() const { return true; }
 // memory. It’s locked to a physical address.
 void* CUDAPinnedAllocator::Alloc(size_t& index, size_t size) {
   if (size <= 0) return nullptr;
-  void* p;
-  // NOTE: here, we use GpuMaxAllocSize() as the maximum memory size
+
+  // NOTE: here, we use CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize as the maximum memory size
   // of host pinned allocation. Allocates too much would reduce
   // the amount of memory available to the underlying system for paging.
+  size_t usable =
+      paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize() - cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_;
 
-  size_t usable = paddle::platform::GpuMaxAllocSize() - fallback_alloc_size_;
-
-  if (size > usable) return nullptr;
+  if (size > usable) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot malloc " << size / 1024.0 / 1024.0
+                 << " MB pinned memory."
+                 << ", available " << usable / 1024.0 / 1024.0 << " MB";
+    return nullptr;
+  }
 
+  void* p;
   // PINNED memory is visible to all CUDA contexts.
   cudaError_t result = cudaMallocHost(&p, size);
+
   if (result == cudaSuccess) {
-    index = 1;
-    fallback_alloc_size_ += size;
+    index = 1;  // PINNED memory
+    cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ += size;
     return p;
+  } else {
+    LOG(WARNING) << "cudaMallocHost failed.";
+    return nullptr;
   }
 
   return nullptr;
@@ -158,8 +169,8 @@ void CUDAPinnedAllocator::Free(void* p, size_t size, size_t index) {
   cudaError_t err;
   PADDLE_ASSERT(index == 1);
 
-  PADDLE_ASSERT(fallback_alloc_size_ >= size);
-  fallback_alloc_size_ -= size;
+  PADDLE_ASSERT(cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ >= size);
+  cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ -= size;
   err = cudaFreeHost(p);
 
   // Purposefully allow cudaErrorCudartUnloading, because
@@ -172,7 +183,7 @@ void CUDAPinnedAllocator::Free(void* p, size_t size, size_t index) {
   }
 }
 
-bool CUDAPinnedAllocator::UseGpu() const { return true; }
+bool CUDAPinnedAllocator::UseGpu() const { return false; }
 
 #endif
 

paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator.h

@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ namespace memory {
 namespace detail {
 
 /**
- * \brief SystemAllocator is the parent class of CPUAllocator and GPUAllocator.
- *        A BuddyAllocator object uses a SystemAllocator* pointing to the
+ * \brief SystemAllocator is the parent class of CPUAllocator,
+ *        CUDAPinnedAllocator and GPUAllocator. A BuddyAllocator
+ *        object uses a SystemAllocator* pointing to the
  *        underlying system allocator.
  */
 class SystemAllocator {
@@ -62,9 +63,7 @@ class CUDAPinnedAllocator : public SystemAllocator {
   virtual bool UseGpu() const;
 
  private:
-  size_t gpu_alloc_size_ =
-      0;  // TODO(zcd): how to define the upper limit of CUDAPinnedMemory?
-  size_t fallback_alloc_size_ = 0;
+  size_t cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ = 0;
 };
 #endif
 

paddle/fluid/memory/memcpy.cc

@@ -56,6 +56,45 @@ void Copy<platform::CUDAPlace, platform::CUDAPlace>(
   }
 }
 
+template <>
+void Copy<platform::CPUPlace, platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(
+    platform::CPUPlace dst_place, void* dst,
+    platform::CUDAPinnedPlace src_place, const void* src, size_t num) {
+  std::memcpy(dst, src, num);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Copy<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace, platform::CPUPlace>(
+    platform::CUDAPinnedPlace dst_place, void* dst,
+    platform::CPUPlace src_place, const void* src, size_t num) {
+  std::memcpy(dst, src, num);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Copy<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace, platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(
+    platform::CUDAPinnedPlace dst_place, void* dst,
+    platform::CUDAPinnedPlace src_place, const void* src, size_t num) {
+  std::memcpy(dst, src, num);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Copy<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace, platform::CUDAPlace>(
+    platform::CUDAPinnedPlace dst_place, void* dst,
+    platform::CUDAPlace src_place, const void* src, size_t num,
+    cudaStream_t stream) {
+  platform::SetDeviceId(src_place.device);
+  platform::GpuMemcpyAsync(dst, src, num, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, stream);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Copy<platform::CUDAPlace, platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(
+    platform::CUDAPlace dst_place, void* dst,
+    platform::CUDAPinnedPlace src_place, const void* src, size_t num,
+    cudaStream_t stream) {
+  platform::SetDeviceId(dst_place.device);
+  platform::GpuMemcpyAsync(dst, src, num, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream);
+}
+
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace memory

paddle/fluid/memory/memory.cc

@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ BuddyAllocator* GetCPUBuddyAllocator() {
 }
 
 template <>
-void* Alloc<platform::CPUPlace>(platform::CPUPlace place, size_t size,
-                                bool is_pinned) {
+void* Alloc<platform::CPUPlace>(platform::CPUPlace place, size_t size) {
   VLOG(10) << "Allocate " << size << " bytes on " << platform::Place(place);
   void* p = GetCPUBuddyAllocator()->Alloc(size);
   VLOG(10) << "  pointer=" << p;
@@ -47,8 +46,7 @@ void* Alloc<platform::CPUPlace>(platform::CPUPlace place, size_t size,
 }
 
 template <>
-void Free<platform::CPUPlace>(platform::CPUPlace place, void* p,
-                              bool is_pinned) {
+void Free<platform::CPUPlace>(platform::CPUPlace place, void* p) {
   VLOG(10) << "Free pointer=" << p << " on " << platform::Place(place);
   GetCPUBuddyAllocator()->Free(p);
 }
@@ -84,47 +82,15 @@ BuddyAllocator* GetGPUBuddyAllocator(int gpu_id) {
   return as[gpu_id];
 }
 
-BuddyAllocator* GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator(int gpu_id) {
-  static BuddyAllocator** as = NULL;
-  if (as == NULL) {
-    int gpu_num = platform::GetCUDADeviceCount();
-    as = new BuddyAllocator*[gpu_num];
-    for (int gpu = 0; gpu < gpu_num; gpu++) {
-      as[gpu] = nullptr;
-    }
-  }
-  platform::SetDeviceId(gpu_id);
-  if (!as[gpu_id]) {
-    as[gpu_id] = new BuddyAllocator(new detail::CUDAPinnedAllocator,
-                                    platform::GpuMinChunkSize(),
-                                    platform::GpuMaxChunkSize());
-    VLOG(10) << "\n\nNOTE: each GPU device use "
-             << FLAGS_fraction_of_gpu_memory_to_use * 100
-             << "% of GPU memory.\n"
-             << "You can set GFlags environment variable '"
-             << "FLAGS_fraction_of_gpu_memory_to_use"
-             << "' to change the fraction of GPU usage.\n\n";
-  }
-  return as[gpu_id];
-}
-
 template <>
 size_t Used<platform::CUDAPlace>(platform::CUDAPlace place) {
   return GetGPUBuddyAllocator(place.device)->Used();
 }
 
 template <>
-void* Alloc<platform::CUDAPlace>(platform::CUDAPlace place, size_t size,
-                                 bool is_pinned) {
-  void* ptr;
-  if (is_pinned) {
-    auto* buddy_allocator = GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator(place.device);
-    ptr = buddy_allocator->Alloc(size);
-  } else {
-    auto* buddy_allocator = GetGPUBuddyAllocator(place.device);
-    ptr = buddy_allocator->Alloc(size);
-  }
-
+void* Alloc<platform::CUDAPlace>(platform::CUDAPlace place, size_t size) {
+  auto* buddy_allocator = GetGPUBuddyAllocator(place.device);
+  auto* ptr = buddy_allocator->Alloc(size);
   if (ptr == nullptr) {
     int cur_dev = platform::GetCurrentDeviceId();
     platform::SetDeviceId(place.device);
@@ -142,15 +108,42 @@ void* Alloc<platform::CUDAPlace>(platform::CUDAPlace place, size_t size,
 }
 
 template <>
-void Free<platform::CUDAPlace>(platform::CUDAPlace place, void* p,
-                               bool is_pinned) {
-  if (is_pinned) {
-    GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator(place.device)->Free(p);
-  } else {
-    GetGPUBuddyAllocator(place.device)->Free(p);
+void Free<platform::CUDAPlace>(platform::CUDAPlace place, void* p) {
+  GetGPUBuddyAllocator(place.device)->Free(p);
+}
+
+BuddyAllocator* GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator() {
+  static BuddyAllocator* ba = NULL;
+  if (ba == NULL) {
+    ba = new BuddyAllocator(new detail::CUDAPinnedAllocator,
+                            platform::CUDAPinnedMinChunkSize(),
+                            platform::CUDAPinnedMaxChunkSize());
   }
+  return ba;
 }
 
+template <>
+size_t Used<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(platform::CUDAPinnedPlace place) {
+  return GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator()->Used();
+}
+
+template <>
+void* Alloc<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(platform::CUDAPinnedPlace place,
+                                       size_t size) {
+  auto* buddy_allocator = GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator();
+  void* ptr = buddy_allocator->Alloc(size);
+
+  if (ptr == nullptr) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << "cudaMallocHost Cannot allocate " << size
+                 << " bytes in CUDAPinnedPlace";
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <>
+void Free<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(platform::CUDAPinnedPlace place, void* p) {
+  GetCUDAPinnedBuddyAllocator()->Free(p);
+}
 #endif
 
 size_t Usage::operator()(const platform::CPUPlace& cpu) const {
@@ -165,6 +158,14 @@ size_t Usage::operator()(const platform::CUDAPlace& gpu) const {
 #endif
 }
 
+size_t Usage::operator()(const platform::CUDAPinnedPlace& cuda_pinned) const {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  return Used(cuda_pinned);
+#else
+  PADDLE_THROW("'CUDAPinnedPlace' is not supported in CPU only device.");
+#endif
+}
+
 size_t memory_usage(const platform::Place& p) {
   return boost::apply_visitor(Usage(), p);
 }

paddle/fluid/memory/memory.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace memory {
  *          address is valid or not.
  */
 template <typename Place>
-void* Alloc(Place place, size_t size, bool is_pinned = false);
+void* Alloc(Place place, size_t size);
 
 /**
  * \brief   Free memory block in one place.
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void* Alloc(Place place, size_t size, bool is_pinned = false);
  *
  */
 template <typename Place>
-void Free(Place place, void* ptr, bool is_pinned = false);
+void Free(Place place, void* ptr);
 
 /**
  * \brief   Total size of used memory in one place.
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ size_t Used(Place place);
 struct Usage : public boost::static_visitor<size_t> {
   size_t operator()(const platform::CPUPlace& cpu) const;
   size_t operator()(const platform::CUDAPlace& gpu) const;
+  size_t operator()(const platform::CUDAPinnedPlace& cuda_pinned) const;
 };
 
 size_t memory_usage(const platform::Place& p);
@@ -74,13 +75,11 @@ class PODDeleter {
   static_assert(std::is_pod<T>::value, "T must be POD");
 
  public:
-  explicit PODDeleter(Place place, bool is_pinned = false)
-      : place_(place), is_pinned_(is_pinned) {}
-  void operator()(T* ptr) { Free(place_, static_cast<void*>(ptr), is_pinned_); }
+  explicit PODDeleter(Place place) : place_(place) {}
+  void operator()(T* ptr) { Free(place_, static_cast<void*>(ptr)); }
 
  private:
   Place place_;
-  bool is_pinned_;
 };
 
 /**

paddle/fluid/memory/memory_test.cc

@@ -141,4 +141,59 @@ TEST(BuddyAllocator, GPUMultAlloc) {
   }
 }
 
+size_t align(size_t size, paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedPlace place) {
+  size += sizeof(paddle::memory::detail::Metadata);
+  size_t alignment = paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedMinChunkSize();
+  size_t remaining = size % alignment;
+  return remaining == 0 ? size : size + (alignment - remaining);
+}
+
+TEST(BuddyAllocator, CUDAPinnedAllocator) {
+  void *p = nullptr;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(p, nullptr);
+
+  paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedPlace cpu;
+  p = paddle::memory::Alloc(cpu, 4096);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(p, nullptr);
+
+  paddle::platform::Place place = cpu;
+  EXPECT_EQ(paddle::memory::Used(cpu), paddle::memory::memory_usage(place));
+
+  paddle::memory::Free(cpu, p);
+}
+
+TEST(BuddyAllocator, CUDAPinnedMultAllocator) {
+  paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedPlace cpu;
+
+  std::unordered_map<void *, size_t> ps;
+
+  size_t total_size = paddle::memory::Used(cpu);
+  EXPECT_EQ(total_size, 0UL);
+
+  for (auto size :
+       {0, 128, 256, 1024, 4096, 16384, 65536, 262144, 1048576, 4194304}) {
+    ps[paddle::memory::Alloc(cpu, size)] = size;
+
+    // Buddy Allocator doesn't manage too large memory chunk
+    if (paddle::memory::Used(cpu) == total_size) continue;
+
+    size_t aligned_size = align(size, cpu);
+    total_size += aligned_size;
+    EXPECT_EQ(total_size, paddle::memory::Used(cpu));
+  }
+
+  for (auto p : ps) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(is_aligned(p.first), true);
+    paddle::memory::Free(cpu, p.first);
+
+    // Buddy Allocator doesn't manage too large memory chunk
+    if (paddle::memory::Used(cpu) == total_size) continue;
+
+    size_t aligned_size = align(p.second, cpu);
+    total_size -= aligned_size;
+    EXPECT_EQ(total_size, paddle::memory::Used(cpu));
+  }
+}
 #endif

paddle/fluid/memory/pinned_memory_test.cu

+/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/memory/detail/memory_block.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/memory/detail/meta_data.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/memory/memcpy.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/memory/memory.h"
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/gpu_info.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/place.h"
+
+// This unit test is an example comparing the performance between using pinned
+// memory and not. In general, using pinned memory will be faster.
+template <typename T>
+__global__ void Kernel(T* output, int dim) {
+  int tid = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  if (tid < dim) {
+    output[tid] = output[tid] * output[tid] / 100;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Place>
+float test_pinned_memory() {
+  Place cpu_place;
+  paddle::platform::CUDAPlace cuda_place;
+
+  const int data_size = 4096;
+  const int iteration = 10;
+
+  // create event start and end
+  cudaEvent_t start_e, stop_e, copying_e;
+  float elapsedTime = 0;
+  cudaEventCreate(&start_e);
+  cudaEventCreate(&stop_e);
+  cudaEventCreate(&copying_e);
+
+  // create computation stream, data copying stream
+  cudaStream_t computation_stream, copying_stream;
+  cudaStreamCreate(&computation_stream);
+  cudaStreamCreate(&copying_stream);
+
+  // create record event, pinned memory, gpu memory
+  std::vector<cudaEvent_t> record_event(iteration);
+  std::vector<float*> input_pinned_mem(iteration);
+  std::vector<float*> gpu_mem(iteration);
+  std::vector<float*> output_pinned_mem(iteration);
+
+  // initial data
+  for (int j = 0; j < iteration; ++j) {
+    cudaEventCreateWithFlags(&record_event[j], cudaEventDisableTiming);
+    cudaEventCreate(&(record_event[j]));
+    input_pinned_mem[j] = static_cast<float*>(
+        paddle::memory::Alloc(cpu_place, data_size * sizeof(float)));
+    output_pinned_mem[j] = static_cast<float*>(
+        paddle::memory::Alloc(cpu_place, data_size * sizeof(float)));
+    gpu_mem[j] = static_cast<float*>(
+        paddle::memory::Alloc(cuda_place, data_size * sizeof(float)));
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < data_size; ++k) {
+      input_pinned_mem[j][k] = k;
+    }
+  }
+
+  cudaEventRecord(start_e, computation_stream);
+
+  // computation
+  for (int m = 0; m < 30; ++m) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < iteration; ++i) {
+      // cpu -> GPU on computation stream.
+      // note: this operation is async for pinned memory.
+      paddle::memory::Copy(cuda_place, gpu_mem[i], cpu_place,
+                           input_pinned_mem[i], data_size * sizeof(float),
+                           computation_stream);
+
+      // call kernel on computation stream.
+      Kernel<<<4, 1024, 0, computation_stream>>>(gpu_mem[i], data_size);
+
+      // record event_computation on computation stream
+      cudaEventRecord(record_event[i], computation_stream);
+
+      // wait event_computation on copy stream.
+      // note: this operation is async.
+      cudaStreamWaitEvent(copying_stream, record_event[i], 0);
+
+      // copy data GPU->CPU, on copy stream.
+      // note: this operation is async for pinned memory.
+      paddle::memory::Copy(cpu_place, output_pinned_mem[i], cuda_place,
+                           gpu_mem[i], data_size * sizeof(float),
+                           copying_stream);
+    }
+  }
+
+  cudaEventRecord(copying_e, copying_stream);
+  cudaStreamWaitEvent(computation_stream, copying_e, 0);
+
+  cudaEventRecord(stop_e, computation_stream);
+
+  cudaEventSynchronize(start_e);
+  cudaEventSynchronize(stop_e);
+  cudaEventElapsedTime(&elapsedTime, start_e, stop_e);
+
+  // std::cout << cpu_place << " "
+  //          << "time consume:" << elapsedTime / 30 << std::endl;
+
+  for (int l = 0; l < iteration; ++l) {
+    for (int k = 0; k < data_size; ++k) {
+      float temp = input_pinned_mem[l][k];
+      temp = temp * temp / 100;
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(temp, output_pinned_mem[l][k]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // destroy resource
+  cudaEventDestroy(copying_e);
+  cudaEventDestroy(start_e);
+  cudaEventDestroy(stop_e);
+  for (int j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
+    cudaEventDestroy((record_event[j]));
+    paddle::memory::Free(cpu_place, input_pinned_mem[j]);
+    paddle::memory::Free(cpu_place, output_pinned_mem[j]);
+    paddle::memory::Free(cuda_place, gpu_mem[j]);
+  }
+  return elapsedTime / 30;
+}
+
+TEST(CPUANDCUDAPinned, CPUAllocatorAndCUDAPinnedAllocator) {
+  // Generally speaking, operation on pinned_memory is faster than that on
+  // unpinned-memory, but if this unit test fails frequently, please close this
+  // test for the time being.
+  float time1 = test_pinned_memory<paddle::platform::CPUPlace>();
+  float time2 = test_pinned_memory<paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>();
+  EXPECT_GT(time1, time2);
+}

paddle/fluid/operators/math/math_function.cc

@@ -322,6 +322,14 @@ void set_constant_with_place<platform::CPUPlace>(
                            TensorSetConstantCPU(tensor, value));
 }
 
+template <>
+void set_constant_with_place<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace>(
+    const platform::DeviceContext& context, framework::Tensor* tensor,
+    float value) {
+  framework::VisitDataType(framework::ToDataType(tensor->type()),
+                           TensorSetConstantCPU(tensor, value));
+}
+
 struct TensorSetConstantWithPlace : public boost::static_visitor<void> {
   TensorSetConstantWithPlace(const platform::DeviceContext& context,
                              framework::Tensor* tensor, float value)

paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.cc

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ DEFINE_double(fraction_of_cpu_memory_to_use, 1,
               "Default use 100% of CPU memory for PaddlePaddle,"
               "reserve the rest for page tables, etc");
 
+DEFINE_double(
+    fraction_of_cuda_pinned_memory_to_use, 0.5,
+    "Default use 50% of CPU memory as the pinned_memory for PaddlePaddle,"
+    "reserve the rest for page tables, etc");
+
 namespace paddle {
 namespace platform {
 
@@ -62,5 +67,22 @@ size_t CpuMaxChunkSize() {
   return CpuMaxAllocSize() / 32;
 }
 
+size_t CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize() {
+  // For distributed systems, it requires configuring and limiting
+  // the fraction of memory to use.
+  return FLAGS_fraction_of_cuda_pinned_memory_to_use * CpuTotalPhysicalMemory();
+}
+
+size_t CUDAPinnedMinChunkSize() {
+  // Allow to allocate the minimum chunk size is 64 KB.
+  return 1 << 16;
+}
+
+size_t CUDAPinnedMaxChunkSize() {
+  // Allow to allocate the maximum chunk size is roughly 1/256 of CUDA_PINNED
+  // memory.
+  return CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize() / 256;
+}
+
 }  // namespace platform
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.h

@@ -22,11 +22,20 @@ namespace platform {
 //! Get the maximum allocation size for a machine.
 size_t CpuMaxAllocSize();
 
+//! Get the maximum allocation size for a machine.
+size_t CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize();
+
 //! Get the minimum chunk size for buddy allocator.
 size_t CpuMinChunkSize();
 
 //! Get the maximum chunk size for buddy allocator.
 size_t CpuMaxChunkSize();
 
+//! Get the minimum chunk size for buddy allocator.
+size_t CUDAPinnedMinChunkSize();
+
+//! Get the maximum chunk size for buddy allocator.
+size_t CUDAPinnedMaxChunkSize();
+
 }  // namespace platform
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/platform/device_context.cc

@@ -53,6 +53,16 @@ DeviceContextPool::DeviceContextPool(
       PADDLE_THROW(
           "'CUDAPlace' is not supported, Please re-compile with WITH_GPU "
           "option");
+#endif
+    } else if (platform::is_cuda_pinned_place(p)) {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+      device_contexts_.emplace(
+          p,
+          PtrType(new CUDAPinnedDeviceContext(boost::get<CUDAPinnedPlace>(p))));
+#else
+      PADDLE_THROW(
+          "'CUDAPlace' is not supported, Please re-compile with WITH_GPU "
+          "option");
 #endif
     }
   }
@@ -186,6 +196,20 @@ cudnnHandle_t CUDADeviceContext::cudnn_handle() const { return cudnn_handle_; }
 
 cudaStream_t CUDADeviceContext::stream() const { return stream_; }
 
+CUDAPinnedDeviceContext::CUDAPinnedDeviceContext() {
+  eigen_device_.reset(new Eigen::DefaultDevice());
+}
+
+CUDAPinnedDeviceContext::CUDAPinnedDeviceContext(CUDAPinnedPlace place)
+    : place_(place) {
+  eigen_device_.reset(new Eigen::DefaultDevice());
+}
+
+Eigen::DefaultDevice* CUDAPinnedDeviceContext::eigen_device() const {
+  return eigen_device_.get();
+}
+
+Place CUDAPinnedDeviceContext::GetPlace() const { return place_; }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN

paddle/fluid/platform/device_context.h

@@ -118,6 +118,25 @@ struct DefaultDeviceContextType<platform::CUDAPlace> {
   using TYPE = CUDADeviceContext;
 };
 
+// Currently, CUDAPinnedDeviceContext is only used to data copying.
+class CUDAPinnedDeviceContext : public DeviceContext {
+ public:
+  CUDAPinnedDeviceContext();
+  explicit CUDAPinnedDeviceContext(CUDAPinnedPlace place);
+
+  Place GetPlace() const override;
+
+  Eigen::DefaultDevice* eigen_device() const;
+
+ private:
+  CUDAPinnedPlace place_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Eigen::DefaultDevice> eigen_device_;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct DefaultDeviceContextType<platform::CUDAPinnedPlace> {
+  using TYPE = CUDAPinnedDeviceContext;
+};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN

paddle/fluid/platform/place.cc

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class PlacePrinter : public boost::static_visitor<> {
   void operator()(const CUDAPlace &p) {
     os_ << "CUDAPlace(" << p.device << ")";
   }
+  void operator()(const CUDAPinnedPlace &p) { os_ << "CUDAPinnedPlace"; }
 
  private:
   std::ostream &os_;
@@ -40,12 +41,19 @@ const Place &get_place() { return the_default_place; }
 
 const CUDAPlace default_gpu() { return CUDAPlace(0); }
 const CPUPlace default_cpu() { return CPUPlace(); }
+const CUDAPinnedPlace default_cuda_pinned() { return CUDAPinnedPlace(); }
 
 bool is_gpu_place(const Place &p) {
   return boost::apply_visitor(IsCUDAPlace(), p);
 }
 
-bool is_cpu_place(const Place &p) { return !is_gpu_place(p); }
+bool is_cpu_place(const Place &p) {
+  return boost::apply_visitor(IsCPUPlace(), p);
+}
+
+bool is_cuda_pinned_place(const Place &p) {
+  return boost::apply_visitor(IsCUDAPinnedPlace(), p);
+}
 
 bool places_are_same_class(const Place &p1, const Place &p2) {
   return p1.which() == p2.which();
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@ bool places_are_same_class(const Place &p1, const Place &p2) {
 
 bool is_same_place(const Place &p1, const Place &p2) {
   if (places_are_same_class(p1, p2)) {
-    if (is_cpu_place(p1)) {
+    if (is_cpu_place(p1) || is_cuda_pinned_place(p1)) {
       return true;
     } else {
       return boost::get<CUDAPlace>(p1) == boost::get<CUDAPlace>(p2);

paddle/fluid/platform/place.h

@@ -45,12 +45,33 @@ struct CUDAPlace {
   int device;
 };
 
+struct CUDAPinnedPlace {
+  CUDAPinnedPlace() {}
+
+  // needed for variant equality comparison
+  inline bool operator==(const CUDAPinnedPlace &) const { return true; }
+  inline bool operator!=(const CUDAPinnedPlace &) const { return false; }
+};
+
 struct IsCUDAPlace : public boost::static_visitor<bool> {
   bool operator()(const CPUPlace &) const { return false; }
   bool operator()(const CUDAPlace &gpu) const { return true; }
+  bool operator()(const CUDAPinnedPlace &) const { return false; }
 };
 
-typedef boost::variant<CUDAPlace, CPUPlace> Place;
+struct IsCPUPlace : public boost::static_visitor<bool> {
+  bool operator()(const CPUPlace &cpu) const { return true; }
+  bool operator()(const CUDAPlace &) const { return false; }
+  bool operator()(const CUDAPinnedPlace &) const { return false; }
+};
+
+struct IsCUDAPinnedPlace : public boost::static_visitor<bool> {
+  bool operator()(const CPUPlace &) const { return false; }
+  bool operator()(const CUDAPlace &) const { return false; }
+  bool operator()(const CUDAPinnedPlace &cuda_pinned) const { return true; }
+};
+
+typedef boost::variant<CUDAPlace, CPUPlace, CUDAPinnedPlace> Place;
 
 using PlaceList = std::vector<Place>;
 
@@ -59,9 +80,11 @@ const Place &get_place();
 
 const CUDAPlace default_gpu();
 const CPUPlace default_cpu();
+const CUDAPinnedPlace default_cuda_pinned();
 
 bool is_gpu_place(const Place &);
 bool is_cpu_place(const Place &);
+bool is_cuda_pinned_place(const Place &);
 bool places_are_same_class(const Place &, const Place &);
 bool is_same_place(const Place &, const Place &);
 
@@ -95,6 +118,16 @@ struct PlaceVisitorWrapper
 #else
     PADDLE_THROW("Paddle is not compiled with CUDA. Cannot visit cuda device");
     return typename Visitor::result_type();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  typename Visitor::result_type operator()(
+      const CUDAPinnedPlace &cuda_pinned) const {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+    return visitor_(cuda_pinned);
+#else
+    PADDLE_THROW("Paddle is not compiled with CUDA. Cannot visit cuda_pinned");
+    return typename Visitor::result_type();
 #endif
   }
 };