adam.py

# Copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from .optimizer import Optimizer
from ..fluid import core
from ..fluid import framework
from ..fluid.framework import Variable
from ..fluid import layers
from ..fluid import unique_name
from ..fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper
import warnings
from ..fluid.dygraph import base as imperative_base
from collections import defaultdict
import numpy as np
import time

import paddle
from paddle import _C_ops

__all__ = []


class Adam(Optimizer):
    r"""
    The Adam optimizer uses an optimization described at the end
    of section 2 of `Adam paper <https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980>`_ ,
    it can dynamically adjusts the learning rate of each parameter using
    the 1st moment estimates and the 2nd moment estimates of the gradient.

    The parameter ``param_out`` update rule with gradient ``grad``:

    .. math::

        t & = t + 1

        moment\_1\_out & = {\beta}_1 * moment\_1 + (1 - {\beta}_1) * grad

        moment\_2\_out & = {\beta}_2 * moment\_2 + (1 - {\beta}_2) * grad * grad

        learning\_rate & = learning\_rate * \
                          \frac{\sqrt{1 - {\beta}_2^t}}{1 - {\beta}_1^t}

        param\_out & = param - learning\_rate * \frac{moment\_1}{\sqrt{moment\_2} + \epsilon}

    Related paper: `Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization <https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980>`_

    Args:
        learning_rate (float|LRScheduler, optional): The learning rate used to update ``Parameter``.
            It can be a float value or a LRScheduler. The default value is 0.001.
        beta1 (float|Tensor, optional): The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment estimates.
            It should be a float number or a Tensor with shape [1] and data type as float32.
            The default value is 0.9.
        beta2 (float|Tensor, optional): The exponential decay rate for the 2nd moment estimates.
            It should be a float number or a Tensor with shape [1] and data type as float32.
            The default value is 0.999.
        epsilon (float|Tensor, optional): A small float value for numerical stability.
            It should be a float number or a Tensor with shape [1] and data type as float32.
            The default value is 1e-08.
	parameters (list|tuple, optional): List/Tuple of ``Tensor`` to update to minimize ``loss``. \
	    This parameter is required in dygraph mode. And you can specify different options for \
            different parameter groups such as the learning rate, weight decay, etc, \
            then the parameters are list of dict. Note that the learning_rate in paramter groups \
            represents the scale of base learning_rate. \
	    The default value is None in static mode, at this time all parameters will be updated.
	weight_decay (float|WeightDecayRegularizer, optional): The strategy of regularization. \
	    It canbe a float value as coeff of L2 regularization or \
	    :ref:`api_fluid_regularizer_L1Decay`, :ref:`api_fluid_regularizer_L2Decay`.
	    If a parameter has set regularizer using :ref:`api_fluid_ParamAttr` already, \
	    the regularization setting here in optimizer will be ignored for this parameter. \
	    Otherwise, the regularization setting here in optimizer will take effect. \
	    Default None, meaning there is no regularization.
        grad_clip (GradientClipBase, optional): Gradient cliping strategy, it's an instance of
            some derived class of ``GradientClipBase`` . There are three cliping strategies
            ( :ref:`api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByGlobalNorm` , :ref:`api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByNorm` ,
            :ref:`api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByValue` ). Default None, meaning there is no gradient clipping.
        lazy_mode (bool, optional): The official Adam algorithm has two moving-average accumulators.
            The accumulators are updated at every step. Every element of the two moving-average
            is updated in both dense mode and sparse mode. If the size of parameter is very large,
            then the update may be very slow. The lazy mode only update the element that has
            gradient in current mini-batch, so it will be much more faster. But this mode has
            different semantics with the original Adam algorithm and may lead to different result.
            The default value is False.
        multi_precision (bool, optional): Whether to use multi-precision during weight updating. Default is false.
        use_multi_tensor (bool, optional): Whether to use multi-tensor strategy to update all parameters at once . Default is false.
        name (str, optional): Normally there is no need for user to set this property.
            For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.
            The default value is None.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

            import paddle

            linear = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 10)
            inp = paddle.rand([10,10], dtype="float32")
            out = linear(inp)
            loss = paddle.mean(out)
            adam = paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.1,
                    parameters=linear.parameters())
            out.backward()
            adam.step()
            adam.clear_grad()

        .. code-block:: python

            # Adam with beta1/beta2 as Tensor and weight_decay as float
            import paddle

            linear = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 10)
            inp = paddle.rand([10,10], dtype="float32")
            out = linear(inp)
            loss = paddle.mean(out)

            beta1 = paddle.to_tensor([0.9], dtype="float32")
            beta2 = paddle.to_tensor([0.99], dtype="float32")

            adam = paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.1,
                    parameters=linear.parameters(),
                    beta1=beta1,
                    beta2=beta2,
                    weight_decay=0.01)
            out.backward()
            adam.step()
            adam.clear_grad()

            #Note that the learning_rate of linear_2 is 0.01.
            linear_1 = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 10)
            linear_2 = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 10)
            inp = paddle.uniform(shape=[10, 10], min=-0.1, max=0.1)
            out = linear_1(inp)
            out = linear_2(out)
            loss = paddle.mean(out)
            adam = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
                learning_rate=0.1,
                parameters=[{
                    'params': linear_1.parameters()
                }, {
                    'params': linear_2.parameters(),
                    'weight_decay': 0.001,
                    'learning_rate': 0.1,
                    'beta1': 0.8
                }],
                weight_decay=0.01,
                beta1=0.9)                   
            out.backward()
            adam.step()
            adam.clear_grad()

    """
    _moment1_acc_str = "moment1"
    _moment2_acc_str = "moment2"
    _beta1_pow_acc_str = "beta1_pow_acc"
    _beta2_pow_acc_str = "beta2_pow_acc"

    def __init__(self,
                 learning_rate=0.001,
                 beta1=0.9,
                 beta2=0.999,
                 epsilon=1e-8,
                 parameters=None,
                 weight_decay=None,
                 grad_clip=None,
                 lazy_mode=False,
                 multi_precision=False,
                 use_multi_tensor=False,
                 name=None):
        assert learning_rate is not None
        assert beta1 is not None
        assert beta2 is not None
        assert epsilon is not None
        if not isinstance(beta1, Variable):
            if not 0 <= beta1 < 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Invaild value of beta1, expect beta1 in [0,1).")
        if not isinstance(beta2, Variable):
            if not 0 <= beta2 < 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Invaild value of beta2, expect beta2 in [0,1).")
        if not isinstance(epsilon, Variable):
            if not 0 <= epsilon:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Invaild value of epsilon, expect epsilon >= 0.")
        super(Adam, self).__init__(
            learning_rate=learning_rate,
            parameters=parameters,
            weight_decay=weight_decay,
            grad_clip=grad_clip,
            name=name)
        self.type = "adam"
        self._beta1 = beta1
        self._beta2 = beta2
        self._epsilon = epsilon
        self._lazy_mode = lazy_mode
        self._multi_precision = multi_precision
        self._master_weights = {}
        self._default_dict = {
            'beta1': beta1,
            'beta2': beta2,
            'epsilon': epsilon,
            'lazy_mode': lazy_mode,
        }

        self._use_multi_tensor = use_multi_tensor
        if self._use_multi_tensor:
            self._param_dict = {'FP32_LODTensor': [], 'FP16_LODTensor': []}
            self._moment1_dict = {'FP32_LODTensor': [], 'FP16_LODTensor': []}
            self._moment2_dict = {'FP32_LODTensor': [], 'FP16_LODTensor': []}
            self._beta1_pow_acc_dict = {
                'FP32_LODTensor': [],
                'FP16_LODTensor': []
            }
            self._beta2_pow_acc_dict = {
                'FP32_LODTensor': [],
                'FP16_LODTensor': []
            }
            self._master_weight_dict = {
                'FP32_LODTensor': None,
                'FP16_LODTensor': []
            }

    def _create_master_weight(self, param):
        if param.name in self._master_weights:
            var = self._master_weights[param.name]
        else:
            assert isinstance(self.helper, LayerHelper)

            var_name = param.name + "_fp32_master"
            var_name = unique_name.generate(var_name)
            var = layers.create_global_var(
                name=var_name,
                shape=param.shape,
                value=0,
                dtype='float32',
                persistable=True)
            block = self.helper.startup_program.global_block()
            block.append_op(
                type="cast",
                inputs={"X": [param]},
                outputs={"Out": [var]},
                attrs={
                    "in_dtype": param.dtype,
                    "out_dtype": core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32
                })
            self._master_weights[param.name] = var
        return var

    def _get_accumulator(self, name, param):
        """Utility function to fetch an accumulator for a parameter
        Args:
            name: name of the accumulator
            param: parameter variable for which accumulator is to be fetched
        Returns:
            accumulator variable for the parameter
        """
        if self._name is not None:
            name = self._name + "_" + name
        find_master = self._multi_precision and param.dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16
        target_param = self._master_weights[
            param.name] if find_master else param
        target_name = target_param.name
        if (name not in self._accumulators or
                target_name not in self._accumulators[name]):
            raise Exception("Accumulator {} does not exist for parameter {}".
                            format(name, target_name))
        return self._accumulators[name][target_name]

    def _add_moments_pows(self, p):
        acc_dtype = p.dtype
        if acc_dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16:
            acc_dtype = core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32
        self._add_accumulator(self._moment1_acc_str, p, dtype=acc_dtype)
        self._add_accumulator(self._moment2_acc_str, p, dtype=acc_dtype)
        self._add_accumulator(
            name=self._beta1_pow_acc_str,
            param=p,
            dtype=acc_dtype,
            fill_value=0.9 if isinstance(self._beta1, Variable) \
                    else self._beta1,
            shape=[1],
            type=core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR, device='cpu')
        self._add_accumulator(
            name=self._beta2_pow_acc_str,
            param=p,
            dtype=acc_dtype,
            fill_value=0.999 if isinstance(self._beta2, Variable) \
                    else self._beta2,
            shape=[1],
            type=core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR, device='cpu')

    def _create_accumulators(self, block, parameters):
        assert isinstance(block, framework.Block)
        if isinstance(parameters, dict):
            parameters = self._update_param_group(parameters)

        # Create accumulator tensors for first and second moments
        for p in parameters:
            if self._multi_precision and p.dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16:
                master_p = self._create_master_weight(p)
                self._add_moments_pows(master_p)
                continue
            if p.dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16 and not self._multi_precision:
                warnings.warn(
                    "Accumulating with FP16 in optimizer can lead to poor accuracy or slow convergence."
                    "Consider using multi_precision=True option of the Adam optimizer."
                )
            self._add_moments_pows(p)

    def _append_optimize_op(self, block, param_and_grad):
        assert isinstance(block, framework.Block)
        if isinstance(param_and_grad, dict):
            param_and_grad = self._update_param_group(param_and_grad)

        moment1 = self._get_accumulator(self._moment1_acc_str,
                                        param_and_grad[0])
        moment2 = self._get_accumulator(self._moment2_acc_str,
                                        param_and_grad[0])
        beta1_pow_acc = self._get_accumulator(self._beta1_pow_acc_str,
                                              param_and_grad[0])
        beta2_pow_acc = self._get_accumulator(self._beta2_pow_acc_str,
                                              param_and_grad[0])
        find_master = self._multi_precision and param_and_grad[
            0].dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16
        master_weight = (self._master_weights[param_and_grad[0].name]
                         if find_master else None)
        lr = self._create_param_lr(param_and_grad)
        # create the adam optimize op

        if framework._non_static_mode():

            _beta1 = self._beta1 if not isinstance(
                self._beta1, Variable) else self._beta1.numpy().item(0)
            _beta2 = self._beta2 if not isinstance(
                self._beta2, Variable) else self._beta2.numpy().item(0)
            _, _, _, _, _, _ = _C_ops.adam(
                param_and_grad[0], param_and_grad[1], lr, moment1, moment2,
                beta1_pow_acc, beta2_pow_acc, master_weight, param_and_grad[0],
                moment1, moment2, beta1_pow_acc, beta2_pow_acc, master_weight,
                'epsilon', self._epsilon, 'lazy_mode', self._lazy_mode,
                'min_row_size_to_use_multithread', 1000, 'beta1', _beta1,
                'beta2', _beta2, 'multi_precision', find_master)

            return None

        inputs = {
            "Param": [param_and_grad[0]],
            "Grad": [param_and_grad[1]],
            "LearningRate": [lr],
            "Moment1": [moment1],
            "Moment2": [moment2],
            "Beta1Pow": [beta1_pow_acc],
            "Beta2Pow": [beta2_pow_acc]
        }
        outputs = {
            "ParamOut": [param_and_grad[0]],
            "Moment1Out": [moment1],
            "Moment2Out": [moment2],
            "Beta1PowOut": [beta1_pow_acc],
            "Beta2PowOut": [beta2_pow_acc],
        }
        attrs = {
            "lazy_mode": self._lazy_mode,
            "min_row_size_to_use_multithread": 1000,
            "multi_precision": find_master
        }

        if isinstance(self._beta1, Variable):
            inputs['Beta1Tensor'] = self._beta1
        else:
            attrs['beta1'] = self._beta1
        if isinstance(self._beta2, Variable):
            inputs['Beta2Tensor'] = self._beta2
        else:
            attrs['beta2'] = self._beta2
        if isinstance(self._epsilon, Variable):
            inputs['EpsilonTensor'] = self._epsilon
        else:
            attrs['epsilon'] = self._epsilon

        if find_master:
            inputs["MasterParam"] = master_weight
            outputs["MasterParamOut"] = master_weight

        adam_op = block.append_op(
            type=self.type,
            inputs=inputs,
            outputs=outputs,
            attrs=attrs,
            stop_gradient=True)

        return adam_op

    @imperative_base.no_grad
    @framework.dygraph_only
    def step(self):
        """
        Execute the optimizer and update parameters once.

        Returns:
            None

        Examples:
            .. code-block:: python

                import paddle
                
                a = paddle.rand([2,13], dtype="float32")
                linear = paddle.nn.Linear(13, 5)
                # This can be any optimizer supported by dygraph.
                adam = paddle.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate = 0.01,
                                            parameters = linear.parameters())
                out = linear(a)
                out.backward()
                adam.step()
                adam.clear_grad()
        """
        if not isinstance(self._parameter_list[0], dict):
            params_grads = []
            for param in self._parameter_list:
                if param.stop_gradient:
                    continue
                if param._grad_ivar() is not None:
                    grad_var = param._grad_ivar()
                    if hasattr(grad_var, "_is_sparse") and grad_var._is_sparse(
                    ) and self.regularization is not None:
                        raise RuntimeError(
                            "Adam don't support weight_decay with sparse parameters, please set it to None."
                        )
                    params_grads.append((param, grad_var))

            optimize_ops = self._apply_optimize(
                loss=None, startup_program=None, params_grads=params_grads)
        else:
            # optimize parameters in groups
            for param_group in self._param_groups:
                params_grads = defaultdict(lambda: list())
                for param in param_group['params']:
                    if param.stop_gradient:
                        continue
                    if param._grad_ivar() is not None:
                        grad_var = param._grad_ivar()
                        params_grads['params'].append((param, grad_var))
                params_grads.update(
                    {k: v
                     for k, v in param_group.items() if k != 'params'})
                self._apply_optimize(
                    loss=None, startup_program=None, params_grads=params_grads)

    def _multi_tensor_init(self, target_block, parameters):
        """
        All parameters used for optimizer (such as: parameters, master_weight, velocity_acc for momentum) calculations are grouped into a python list by data type (float16, float32).
        This function will be overridden in the corresponding optimizer file.
        Args:
            target_block: the block in which the loss tensor is present
            parameters: list of parameter tensors for the optimizer
        """
        self._create_accumulators(target_block, parameters)
        for param in parameters:
            moment1 = self._get_accumulator(self._moment1_acc_str, param)
            moment2 = self._get_accumulator(self._moment2_acc_str, param)
            beta1_pow_acc = self._get_accumulator(self._beta1_pow_acc_str,
                                                  param)
            beta2_pow_acc = self._get_accumulator(self._beta2_pow_acc_str,
                                                  param)

            if param.dtype == paddle.float32:
                self._param_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(param)
                self._moment1_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(moment1)
                self._moment2_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(moment2)
                self._beta1_pow_acc_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(beta1_pow_acc)
                self._beta2_pow_acc_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(beta2_pow_acc)
            elif param.dtype == paddle.float16:
                self._param_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(param)
                self._moment1_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(moment1)
                self._moment2_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(moment2)
                self._beta1_pow_acc_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(beta1_pow_acc)
                self._beta2_pow_acc_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(beta2_pow_acc)
                if self._multi_precision:
                    self._master_weight_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(
                        self._master_weights[param.name])
                else:
                    self._master_weight_dict['FP16_LODTensor'] = None
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Now multi_tensor_momentum only support fp32 and fp16 parameters and grad is LOD_TENSOR."
                )

    def _append_optimize_multi_tensor_op(self, target_block,
                                         parameters_and_grads):
        """ 
        For Multi Tensor, append optimize merged_operator to block.
        """
        assert isinstance(target_block, framework.Block)

        grad_dict = {'FP32_LODTensor': [], 'FP16_LODTensor': []}
        lr_dict = {'FP32_LODTensor': [], 'FP16_LODTensor': []}

        if isinstance(parameters_and_grads, list):
            for param_and_grad in parameters_and_grads:
                if param_and_grad[1] is None:
                    continue
                if param_and_grad[0].stop_gradient is False:
                    if param_and_grad[
                            0].dtype == paddle.float32 and param_and_grad[
                                1].type == core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR:
                        grad_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(param_and_grad[1])
                        lr = self._create_param_lr(param_and_grad)
                        lr_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(lr)
                    elif param_and_grad[
                            0].dtype == paddle.float16 and param_and_grad[
                                1].type == core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR:
                        grad_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(param_and_grad[1])
                        lr = self._create_param_lr(param_and_grad)
                        lr_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(lr)
        else:
            for param_and_grad in parameters_and_grads['params']:
                if param_and_grad[1] is None:
                    continue
                if param_and_grad[0].stop_gradient is False:
                    param_grad_dict = dict()
                    param_grad_dict['params'] = param_and_grad
                    param_grad_dict.update({
                        k: v
                        for k, v in parameters_and_grads.items()
                        if k != 'params'
                    })
                    param_and_grad = self._update_param_group(param_grad_dict)
                    if param_and_grad[
                            0].dtype == paddle.float32 and param_and_grad[
                                1].type == core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR:
                        grad_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(param_and_grad[1])
                        lr = self._create_param_lr(param_and_grad)
                        lr_dict['FP32_LODTensor'].append(lr)
                    elif param_and_grad[
                            0].dtype == paddle.float16 and param_and_grad[
                                1].type == core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR:
                        grad_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(param_and_grad[1])
                        lr = self._create_param_lr(param_and_grad)
                        lr_dict['FP16_LODTensor'].append(lr)

        multi_tensor_list = ['FP32_LODTensor', 'FP16_LODTensor']
        for key in multi_tensor_list:
            if len(self._param_dict[key]) > 0:
                find_master = self._multi_precision and key == 'FP16_LODTensor'

                _beta1 = self._beta1 if not isinstance(
                    self._beta1, Variable) else self._beta1.numpy().item(0)
                _beta2 = self._beta2 if not isinstance(
                    self._beta2, Variable) else self._beta2.numpy().item(0)

                if framework._non_static_mode():
                    _, _, _, _, _, _ = _C_ops.merged_adam(
                        self._param_dict[key], grad_dict[key], lr_dict[key],
                        self._moment1_dict[key], self._moment2_dict[key],
                        self._beta1_pow_acc_dict[key],
                        self._beta2_pow_acc_dict[key],
                        self._master_weight_dict[key], self._param_dict[key],
                        self._moment1_dict[key], self._moment2_dict[key],
                        self._beta1_pow_acc_dict[key],
                        self._beta2_pow_acc_dict[key],
                        self._master_weight_dict[key], 'epsilon', self._epsilon,
                        'beta1', _beta1, 'beta2', _beta2, 'multi_precision',
                        find_master)
                else:
                    inputs = {
                        "Param": self._param_dict[key],
                        "Grad": grad_dict[key],
                        "LearningRate": lr_dict[key],
                        "Moment1": self._moment1_dict[key],
                        "Moment2": self._moment2_dict[key],
                        "Beta1Pow": self._beta1_pow_acc_dict[key],
                        "Beta2Pow": self._beta2_pow_acc_dict[key]
                    }
                    outputs = {
                        "ParamOut": self._param_dict[key],
                        "Moment1Out": self._moment1_dict[key],
                        "Moment2Out": self._moment2_dict[key],
                        "Beta1PowOut": self._beta1_pow_acc_dict[key],
                        "Beta2PowOut": self._beta2_pow_acc_dict[key]
                    }
                    attrs = {
                        "epsilon": self._epsilon,
                        "beta1": _beta1,
                        "beta2": _beta2
                    }
                    if find_master:
                        inputs["MasterParam"] = self._master_weight_dict[key]
                        outputs["MasterParamOut"] = self._master_weight_dict[
                            key]
                        attrs["multi_precision"] = find_master
                    target_block.append_op(
                        type="merged_adam",
                        inputs=inputs,
                        outputs=outputs,
                        attrs=attrs,
                        stop_gradient=True)
        return None

    def _update_param_group(self, parameters):
        self._beta1 = parameters.get('beta1', self._default_dict['beta1'])
        self._beta2 = parameters.get('beta2', self._default_dict['beta2'])
        self._epsilon = parameters.get('epsilon', self._default_dict['epsilon'])
        self._lazy_mode = parameters.get('lazy_mode',
                                         self._default_dict['lazy_mode'])
        parameters = parameters.get('params')
        return parameters