dim.h

/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. */

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <type_traits>

namespace paddle_mobile {
namespace framework {

// Statically sized, statically indexed dimension
template <int i>
struct Dim {
  static constexpr int dimensions = i;

  template <typename... Args>
  Dim(int64_t _head, Args... _tail) : head(_head), tail(_tail...) {
    static_assert(sizeof...(_tail) == i - 1,
                  "Dim initialized with the wrong number of parameters");
  }

  Dim(int64_t _head, const Dim<i - 1> &_tail) : head(_head), tail(_tail) {}

  Dim() : head(0), tail() {}

  /** Construct a Dim from a linear index and size.  Uses Fortran
   * order
   * indexing. */
  Dim(int64_t idx, const Dim<i> &size)
      : head(idx % size.head), tail(idx / size.head, size.tail) {}

  /** Construct a Dim with each dimension set to the given index */
  Dim(int64_t idx) : head(idx), tail(idx) {}

  bool operator==(const Dim<i> &o) const {
    return (head == o.head) && (tail == o.tail);
  }

  bool operator!=(const Dim<i> &o) const { return !(*this == o); }

  int64_t &operator[](int idx);

  int64_t operator[](int idx) const;

  std::string to_string() const;

  int64_t head;
  Dim<i - 1> tail;
};

// Base case specialization
template <>
struct Dim<0> {
  static constexpr int dimensions = 0;

  Dim(int64_t _head) {}

  Dim() {}

  Dim(int idx, const Dim<0> &size) {
#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
    if (idx > 0) {
      throw std::invalid_argument("Index out of range.");
    }
#else
    PADDLE_ASSERT(idx == 0);
#endif
  }

  bool operator==(const Dim<0> &o) const { return true; }

  bool operator!=(const Dim<0> &o) const { return false; }

  int64_t &operator[](int idx);

  int64_t operator[](int idx) const;
};

namespace {

// Helper for accessing Dim classes
template <int i>
struct DimGetter {
  // Return a copy if Dim is const
  template <typename D>
  static int64_t impl(const D &d) {
    return DimGetter<i - 1>::impl(d.tail);
  }
  // Return a reference if Dim is mutable
  template <typename D>
  static int64_t &impl(D &d) {
    return DimGetter<i - 1>::impl(d.tail);
  }
};

// Eureka! We found the element!
template <>
struct DimGetter<0> {
  // Return a copy if Dim is const
  template <typename D>
  static int64_t impl(const D &d) {
    return d.head;
  }
  // Return a reference if Dim is mutable
  template <typename D>
  static int64_t &impl(D &d) {
    return d.head;
  }
};

template <int D>
int64_t &indexer(Dim<D> &dim, int idx) {
#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
  if (idx < 0) {
    throw std::invalid_argument("Tried to access a negative dimension");
  }
#else
  PADDLE_ASSERT(idx >= 0);
#endif
  if (idx == 0) {
    return dim.head;
  }
  return indexer(dim.tail, idx - 1);
}

template <>
int64_t &indexer<0>(Dim<0> &dim, int idx) {
#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
  throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid index");
#else
  PADDLE_ASSERT(false);
#if CUDA_VERSION < 8000
  // On CUDA versions previous to 8.0, only __shared__ variables
  // could be declared as static in the device code.
  int64_t head = 0;
#else
  static int64_t head = 0;
#endif
  return head;
#endif
}

template <int D>
int64_t indexer(const Dim<D> &dim, int idx) {
#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
  if (idx < 0) {
    throw std::invalid_argument("Tried to access a negative dimension");
  }
#else
  PADDLE_ASSERT(idx >= 0);
#endif
  if (idx == 0) {
    return dim.head;
  }
  return indexer(dim.tail, idx - 1);
}

template <>
int64_t indexer<0>(const Dim<0> &dim, int idx) {
#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
  throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid index");
#else
  PADDLE_ASSERT(false);
#if CUDA_VERSION < 8000
  // On CUDA versions previous to 8.0, only __shared__ variables
  // could be declared as static in the device code.
  int64_t head = 0;
#else
  static int64_t head = 0;
#endif
  return head;
#endif
}

}  // namespace
// Static access to constant Dim
template <int i, int l>
int64_t get(const Dim<l> &d) {
  return DimGetter<i>::impl(d);
}

// Static access to mutable Dim
template <int i, int l>
int64_t &get(Dim<l> &d) {
  return DimGetter<i>::impl(d);
}

// Dynamic access to constant Dim
template <int l>
int64_t Dim<l>::operator[](int i) const {
  //  std::cout << "l: " << l << std::endl;
  return indexer(*this, i);
}

// Dynamic access to mutable Dim
template <int l>
int64_t &Dim<l>::operator[](int i) {
  return indexer(*this, i);
}

// Dynamic access to constant Dim
inline int64_t Dim<0>::operator[](int i) const {
  return indexer(*this, i);
}

// Dynamic access to mutable Dim
inline int64_t &Dim<0>::operator[](int i) {
  return indexer(*this, i);
}

// Dynamic access to constant Dim
// without std::enable_if will try to instantiate this on get<0>(d)
template <int l>
typename std::enable_if<(l > 0), int64_t>::type get(const Dim<l> &d,
                                                               int i) {
  return d[i];
}

// Dynamic access to mutable Dim
template <int l>
typename std::enable_if<(l > 0), int64_t &>::type get(Dim<l> &d,
                                                                 int i) {
  return d[i];
}

// Dot product of two dims
template <int i>
int64_t linearize(const Dim<i> &a, const Dim<i> &b) {
  return a.head * b.head + linearize(a.tail, b.tail);
}

// Base case dot product of two Dims
// Notice it is inline because it is no longer a template
template <>
inline int64_t linearize(const Dim<0> &a, const Dim<0> &b) {
  return 0;
}

// Product of a Dim
template <int i>
int64_t product(const Dim<i> &a, int prod = 1) {
  return prod * a.head * product(a.tail);
}

// Base case product of a Dim
// Notice it is inline because it is no longer a template
template <>
inline int64_t product(const Dim<0> &a, int prod) {
  return prod;
}

// Is 0 <= idx_i < size_i for all i?
template <int i>
bool contained(const Dim<i> &idx, const Dim<i> &size) {
  return ((0 <= idx.head) && (idx.head < size.head) &&
          contained(idx.tail, size.tail));
}

// Base case of is 0 <= idx_i < size_i ?
// Notice it is inline because it is no longer a template
template <>
inline bool contained(const Dim<0> &idx, const Dim<0> &size) {
  return true;
}

/**
 * \brief Compute exclusive prefix-multiply of a Dim.
 */
template <int i>
Dim<i> ex_prefix_mul(const Dim<i> &src, int mul = 1) {
  return Dim<i>(mul, ex_prefix_mul(src.tail, mul * src.head));
}

///\cond HIDDEN
// Base case of ex_prefix_mul
// Notice it is inline because it is no longer a template
template <>
inline Dim<0> ex_prefix_mul(const Dim<0> &src, int mul) {
  return Dim<0>();
}
///\endcond

/**
 * Add two dimensions together
 */
template <int i>
Dim<i> dim_plus(const Dim<i> &a, const Dim<i> &b) {
  return Dim<i>(a.head + b.head, dim_plus(a.tail, b.tail));
}

// Base case
template <>
inline Dim<0> dim_plus(const Dim<0> &a, const Dim<0> &b) {
  return Dim<0>();
}

template <int i>
Dim<i> operator+(const Dim<i> &lhs, const Dim<i> &rhs) {
  return dim_plus(lhs, rhs);
}

/**
 * Multiply two dimensions together
 */
template <int i>
Dim<i> dim_mult(const Dim<i> &a, const Dim<i> &b) {
  return Dim<i>(a.head * b.head, dim_mult(a.tail, b.tail));
}

// Base case
template <>
inline Dim<0> dim_mult(const Dim<0> &a, const Dim<0> &b) {
  return Dim<0>();
}

template <int i>
Dim<i> operator*(const Dim<i> &lhs, const Dim<i> &rhs) {
  return dim_mult(lhs, rhs);
}

/**
 * \brief Normalize strides to ensure any dimension with extent 1
 * has stride 0.
 *
 * \param size Dim object containing the size of an array
 * \param stride Dim object containing stride of an array
 * \return Dim object the same size as \p size with normalized strides
 *
 */

template <int i>
Dim<i> normalize_strides(const Dim<i> &size, const Dim<i> &stride) {
  int norm_stride = size.head == 1 ? 0 : stride.head;
  return Dim<i>(norm_stride, normalize_strides(size.tail, stride.tail));
}

///\cond HIDDEN

template <>
inline Dim<0> normalize_strides(const Dim<0> &size,
                                           const Dim<0> &stride) {
  return Dim<0>();
}

///\endcond

/**
 * Helper function to create a Dim
 *
 * \param idxes The type of Dim constructed depends on the number of
 * params
 *
 */

template <typename... Args>
Dim<sizeof...(Args)> make_dim(Args... idxes) {
  return Dim<sizeof...(Args)>(idxes...);
}

// Allows us to output a Dim
// XXX For some reason, overloading fails to resolve this correctly
template <int i>
typename std::enable_if<(i > 1), std::ostream &>::type operator<<(
    std::ostream &os, const Dim<i> &d) {
  os << d.head << ", " << d.tail;
  return os;
}

// Base case that allows us to output a Dim
// XXX I wish this could be an overload instead of a template
template <int i>
typename std::enable_if<(i == 1), std::ostream &>::type operator<<(
    std::ostream &os, const Dim<i> &d) {
  os << d.head;
  return os;
}

inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Dim<0> &d) {
  return os;
}

template <int i>
std::string Dim<i>::to_string() const {
  std::stringstream stream;

  stream << *this;

  return stream.str();
}

template <int D>
Dim<D> linear_to_dimension(int linear_index, Dim<D> extents) {
  Dim<D> result;

  for (int i = 0; i < D - 1; ++i) {
    result[i] = linear_index % extents[i];
    linear_index /= extents[i];
  }

  result[D - 1] = linear_index;

  return result;
}

}  // namespace framework
}  // namespace paddle_mobile