for specialized Montgomery ladder implementations

PR #6009 and #6070 replaced the default EC point multiplication path for
prime and binary curves with a unified Montgomery ladder implementation
with various timing attack defenses (for the common paths when a secret
scalar is feed to the point multiplication).
The newly introduced default implementation directly used
EC_POINT_add/dbl in the main loop.

The scaffolding introduced by this commit allows EC_METHODs to define a
specialized `ladder_step` function to improve performances by taking
advantage of efficient formulas for differential addition-and-doubling
and different coordinate systems.

- `ladder_pre` is executed before the main loop of the ladder: by
  default it copies the input point P into S, and doubles it into R.
  Specialized implementations could, e.g., use this hook to transition
  to different coordinate systems before copying and doubling;
- `ladder_step` is the core of the Montgomery ladder loop: by default it
  computes `S := R+S; R := 2R;`, but specific implementations could,
  e.g., implement a more efficient formula for differential
  addition-and-doubling;
- `ladder_post` is executed after the Montgomery ladder loop: by default
  it's a noop, but specialized implementations could, e.g., use this
  hook to transition back from the coordinate system used for optimizing
  the differential addition-and-doubling or recover the y coordinate of
  the result point.

This commit also renames `ec_mul_consttime` to `ec_scalar_mul_ladder`,
as it better corresponds to what this function does: nothing can be
truly said about the constant-timeness of the overall execution of this
function, given that the underlying operations are not necessarily
constant-time themselves.
What this implementation ensures is that the same fixed sequence of
operations is executed for each scalar multiplication (for a given
EC_GROUP), with no dependency on the value of the input scalar.
Co-authored-by: NSohaib ul Hassan <soh.19.hassan@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: NBilly Brumley <bbrumley@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NAndy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: NMatt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/6690)

Reviewed-by: NRichard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/6538)

This commit implements coordinate blinding, i.e., it randomizes the
representative of an elliptic curve point in its equivalence class, for
prime curves implemented through EC_GFp_simple_method,
EC_GFp_mont_method, and EC_GFp_nist_method.

This commit is derived from the patch
https://marc.info/?l=openssl-dev&m=131194808413635 by Billy Brumley.

Coordinate blinding is a generally useful side-channel countermeasure
and is (mostly) free. The function itself takes a few field
multiplicationss, but is usually only necessary at the beginning of a
scalar multiplication (as implemented in the patch). When used this way,
it makes the values that variables take (i.e., field elements in an
algorithm state) unpredictable.

For instance, this mitigates chosen EC point side-channel attacks for
settings such as ECDH and EC private key decryption, for the
aforementioned curves.

For EC_METHODs using different coordinate representations this commit
does nothing, but the corresponding coordinate blinding function can be
easily added in the future to extend these changes to such curves.
Co-authored-by: NNicola Tuveri <nic.tuv@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: NBilly Brumley <bbrumley@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NAndy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: NMatt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/6501)

Approved by Oracle.
Reviewed-by: NBernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@hotmail.de>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/3585)

Reviewed-by: NKurt Roeckx <kurt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: NRich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/1313)

Reviewed-by: NRichard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>

Reviewed-by: NRich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>

Reviewed-by: NRich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: NEmilia Käsper <emilia@openssl.org>

This was done by the following
        find . -name '*.[ch]' | /tmp/pl
where /tmp/pl is the following three-line script:
        print unless $. == 1 && m@/\* .*\.[ch] \*/@;
        close ARGV if eof; # Close file to reset $.

And then some hand-editing of other files.
Reviewed-by: NViktor Dukhovni <viktor@openssl.org>

This gets BN_.*free:
    BN_BLINDING_free BN_CTX_free BN_FLG_FREE BN_GENCB_free
    BN_MONT_CTX_free BN_RECP_CTX_free BN_clear_free BN_free BUF_MEM_free

Also fix a call to DSA_SIG_free to ccgost engine and remove some #ifdef'd
dead code in engines/e_ubsec.
Reviewed-by: NRichard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>

Reviewed-by: NTim Hudson <tjh@openssl.org>

Reviewed-by: NTim Hudson <tjh@openssl.org>

Move compression, point2oct and oct2point functions into separate files.

Add a flags field to EC_METHOD.

Add a flag EC_FLAGS_DEFAULT_OCT to use the default compession and oct
functions (all existing methods do this). This removes dependencies from
EC_METHOD while keeping original functionality.

("perl util/ck_errf.pl */*.c */*/*.c" still reports many more.)

Submitted by: Nils Larsch
Reviewed by: Bodo Moeller

the new method names where _GF... suffixes have been removed.

Revert changes to ..._{get/set}_Jprojective_coordinates_...:
The current implementation for ECC over binary fields does not use
projective coordinates, and if it did, it would not use Jacobian
projective coordinates; so it's OK to use the ..._GFp prefix for all
this.

Add author attributions to some files so that it doesn't look
as if Sun wrote all of this :-)

Submitted by: Duglas Stebila <douglas.stebila@sun.com>,
              Sheueling Chang <sheueling.chang@sun.com>

(CHANGES entries by Bodo Moeller)

and make some appropriate changes to the EC library.

Submitted by: Nils Larsch

EC_GROUP_{set_generator,get_generator,get_order,get_cofactor} are
implemented directly in crypto/ec/ec_lib.c and not dispatched to
methods.

Also fix EC_GROUP_copy to copy the NID.

Restructure implementation of EC_GROUP_check().

Submitted by: Nils Larsch

Add some WTLS curves.
New function EC_GROUP_check() (this will probably
be implemented differently soon).

Submitted by: Nils Larsch
Reviewed by: Bodo Moeller

multiplication of an arbitrary number of points.

and an ectest.c that actually tests something.

including EC arithmetics derived from Lenka Fibikova's code (with some
additional optimizations).

(they can't do much useful, but they will have to set pointers
to NULL)

Initial EC_GROUP_new_curve_GFp implementation.

previous commit).

Add EC vaporware: change relevant Makefiles and add some empty source
files.

"make update".

GeneralizedTime. At several points PKIX specifies that GeneralizedTime can be
used but OpenSSL doesn't currently support it. This patch adds several files
and a bunch of functions.

Of interest is the ASN1_TIME structure and its related functions. At several
points certificates, CRLs et al specify that a time can be expressed as a
choice of UTCTime and GeneralizedTime. Currently OpenSSL interprets this
(wrongly) as UTCTime because GeneralizedTime isn't supported. The ASN1_TIME
stuff provides this functionality.

Still todo is to trace which cert and CRL points need an ASN1_TIME and modify
the utilities appropriately and of course fix all the bugs.

Note new OpenSSL copyright in the new file a_time.c. I didn't put it in
a_gentm.c because it is a minimally modified form a_utctm.c .

Since this adds new files and error codes you will need to do a 'make errors'
at the top level to add the new codes.