Support for traditional format private keys.

Add new function PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional() to enforce the
use of legacy "traditional" private key format. Add -traditional option
to pkcs8 and pkey utilities.
Reviewed-by: NMatt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>

apps/pkcs8.c

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ typedef enum OPTION_choice {
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SCRYPT
     OPT_SCRYPT, OPT_SCRYPT_N, OPT_SCRYPT_R, OPT_SCRYPT_P,
 #endif
-    OPT_V2, OPT_V1, OPT_V2PRF, OPT_ITER, OPT_PASSIN, OPT_PASSOUT
+    OPT_V2, OPT_V1, OPT_V2PRF, OPT_ITER, OPT_PASSIN, OPT_PASSOUT,
+    OPT_TRADITIONAL
 } OPTION_CHOICE;
 
 OPTIONS pkcs8_options[] = {
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ OPTIONS pkcs8_options[] = {
     {"iter", OPT_ITER, 'p', "Specify the iteration count"},
     {"passin", OPT_PASSIN, 's', "Input file pass phrase source"},
     {"passout", OPT_PASSOUT, 's', "Output file pass phrase source"},
+    {"traditional", OPT_TRADITIONAL, '-', "use traditional format private key"},
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
     {"engine", OPT_ENGINE, 's', "Use engine, possibly a hardware device"},
 #endif
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int nocrypt = 0, ret = 1, iter = PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM, topk8 = 0, pbe_nid = -1;
-    int private = 0;
+    int private = 0, traditional = 0;
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SCRYPT
     long scrypt_N = 0, scrypt_r = 0, scrypt_p = 0;
 #endif
@@ -110,6 +112,9 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
         case OPT_NOCRYPT:
             nocrypt = 1;
             break;
+        case OPT_TRADITIONAL:
+            traditional = 1;
+            break;
         case OPT_V2:
             if (!opt_cipher(opt_arg(), &cipher))
                 goto opthelp;
@@ -320,11 +325,15 @@ int pkcs8_main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     assert(private);
-    if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM)
-        PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
-    else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1)
+    if (outformat == FORMAT_PEM) {
+        if (traditional)
+            PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(out, pkey, NULL, NULL, 0,
+                                                 NULL, passout);
+        else
+            PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
+    } else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1) {
         i2d_PrivateKey_bio(out, pkey);
-    else {
+    } else {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Bad format specified for key\n");
         goto end;
     }

apps/pkey.c

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ typedef enum OPTION_choice {
     OPT_ERR = -1, OPT_EOF = 0, OPT_HELP,
     OPT_INFORM, OPT_OUTFORM, OPT_PASSIN, OPT_PASSOUT, OPT_ENGINE,
     OPT_IN, OPT_OUT, OPT_PUBIN, OPT_PUBOUT, OPT_TEXT_PUB,
-    OPT_TEXT, OPT_NOOUT, OPT_MD
+    OPT_TEXT, OPT_NOOUT, OPT_MD, OPT_TRADITIONAL
 } OPTION_CHOICE;
 
 OPTIONS pkey_options[] = {
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ OPTIONS pkey_options[] = {
     {"text", OPT_TEXT, '-', "Output in plaintext as well"},
     {"noout", OPT_NOOUT, '-', "Don't output the key"},
     {"", OPT_MD, '-', "Any supported cipher"},
+    {"traditional", OPT_TRADITIONAL, '-',
+     "Use traditional format for private keys"},
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
     {"engine", OPT_ENGINE, 's', "Use engine, possibly a hardware device"},
 #endif
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
     int informat = FORMAT_PEM, outformat = FORMAT_PEM;
     int pubin = 0, pubout = 0, pubtext = 0, text = 0, noout = 0, ret = 1;
-    int private = 0;
+    int private = 0, traditional = 0;
 
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, pkey_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
@@ -105,6 +107,9 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
         case OPT_NOOUT:
             noout = 1;
             break;
+        case OPT_TRADITIONAL:
+            traditional = 1;
+            break;
         case OPT_MD:
             if (!opt_cipher(opt_unknown(), &cipher))
                 goto opthelp;
@@ -140,8 +145,13 @@ int pkey_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(out, pkey);
             else {
                 assert(private);
-                PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, cipher,
-                                         NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
+                if (traditional)
+                    PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(out, pkey, cipher,
+                                                         NULL, 0, NULL,
+                                                         passout);
+                else
+                    PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(out, pkey, cipher,
+                                             NULL, 0, NULL, passout);
             }
         } else if (outformat == FORMAT_ASN1) {
             if (pubout)

crypto/pem/pem_pkey.c

@@ -95,11 +95,18 @@ int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
                              unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
                              pem_password_cb *cb, void *u)
 {
-    char pem_str[80];
-    if (!x->ameth || x->ameth->priv_encode)
+    if (x->ameth == NULL || x->ameth->priv_encode != NULL)
         return PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(bp, x, enc,
                                              (char *)kstr, klen, cb, u);
+    return PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(bp, x, enc, kstr, klen, cb, u);
+}
 
+int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
+                                         const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
+                                         unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
+                                         pem_password_cb *cb, void *u)
+{
+    char pem_str[80];
     BIO_snprintf(pem_str, 80, "%s PRIVATE KEY", x->ameth->pem_str);
     return PEM_ASN1_write_bio((i2d_of_void *)i2d_PrivateKey,
                               pem_str, bp, x, enc, kstr, klen, cb, u);

doc/apps/pkcs8.pod

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ B<openssl> B<pkcs8>
 [B<-iter count>]
 [B<-noiter>]
 [B<-nocrypt>]
+[B<-traditional>]
 [B<-v2 alg>]
 [B<-v2prf alg>]
 [B<-v1 alg>]
@@ -43,22 +44,22 @@ Print out a usage message.
 
 =item B<-topk8>
 
-Normally a PKCS#8 private key is expected on input and a traditional format
-private key will be written. With the B<-topk8> option the situation is
-reversed: it reads a traditional format private key and writes a PKCS#8
-format key.
+Normally a PKCS#8 private key is expected on input and a private key will be
+written to the output file. With the B<-topk8> option the situation is
+reversed: it reads a private key and writes a PKCS#8 format key.
 
 =item B<-inform DER|PEM>
 
-This specifies the input format. If a PKCS#8 format key is expected on input
-then either a B<DER> or B<PEM> encoded version of a PKCS#8 key will be
-expected. Otherwise the B<DER> or B<PEM> format of the traditional format
-private key is used.
+This specifies the input format: see L<KEY FORMATS> for more details.
 
 =item B<-outform DER|PEM>
 
-This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the
-B<-inform> option.
+This specifies the output format: see L<KEY FORMATS> for more details.
+
+=item B<-traditional>
+
+When this option is present and B<-topk8> is not a traditional format private
+key is written.
 
 =item B<-in filename>
 
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ the B<hmacWithSHA1> option to work.
 
 This option indicates a PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithm should be used.  Some
 older implementations may not support PKCS#5 v2.0 and may require this option.
-If not specified PKCS#5 v2.0 for is used.
+If not specified PKCS#5 v2.0 form is used.
 
 =item B<-engine id>
 
@@ -141,6 +142,27 @@ sets the scrypt B<N>, B<r> or B<p> parameters.
 
 =back
 
+=head1 KEY FORMATS
+
+Various different formats are used by the pkcs8 utility. These are detailed
+below.
+
+If a key is being converted from PKCS#8 form (i.e. the B<-topk8> option is
+not used) then the input file must be in PKCS#8 format. An encrypted
+key is expected unless B<-nocrypt> is included.
+
+If B<-topk8> is not used and B<PEM> mode is set the output file will be an
+unencrypted private key in PKCS#8 format. If the B<-traditional> option is
+used then a traditional format private key is written instead.
+
+If B<-topk8> is not used and B<DER> mode is set the output file will be an
+unencrypted private key in traditional DER format.
+
+If B<-topk8> is used then any supported private key can be used for the input
+file in a format specified by B<-inform>. The output file will be encrypted
+PKCS#8 format using the specified encryption parameters unless B<-nocrypt>
+is included.
+
 =head1 NOTES
 
 By default, when converting a key to PKCS#8 format, PKCS#5 v2.0 using 256 bit
@@ -199,20 +221,28 @@ allow strong encryption algorithms like triple DES or 128 bit RC2 to be used.
 
 =head1 EXAMPLES
 
-Convert a private from traditional to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using triple
-DES:
+Convert a private key to PKCS#8 format using default parameters (AES with
+256 bit key and B<hmacWithSHA256>):
+
+ openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -out enckey.pem
+
+Convert a private key to PKCS#8 unencrypted format:
+
+ openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -nocrypt -out enckey.pem
+
+Convert a private key to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using triple DES:
 
  openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v2 des3 -out enckey.pem
 
-Convert a private from traditional to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using AES with
-256 bits in CBC mode and B<hmacWithSHA256> PRF:
+Convert a private key to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using AES with 256 bits in CBC
+mode and B<hmacWithSHA512> PRF:
 
- openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v2 aes-256-cbc -v2prf hmacWithSHA256 -out enckey.pem
+ openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v2 aes-256-cbc -v2prf hmacWithSHA512 -out enckey.pem
 
 Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#5 1.5 compatible algorithm
 (DES):
 
- openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -out enckey.pem
+ openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v1 PBE-MD5-DES -out enckey.pem
 
 Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#12 compatible algorithm
 (3DES):
@@ -223,14 +253,14 @@ Read a DER unencrypted PKCS#8 format private key:
 
  openssl pkcs8 -inform DER -nocrypt -in key.der -out key.pem
 
-Convert a private key from any PKCS#8 format to traditional format:
+Convert a private key from any PKCS#8 encrypted format to traditional format:
 
- openssl pkcs8 -in pk8.pem -out key.pem
+ openssl pkcs8 -in pk8.pem -traditional -out key.pem
 
 Convert a private key to PKCS#8 format, encrypting with AES-256 and with
 one million iterations of the password:
 
- openssl pkcs8 -in raw.pem -topk8 -v2 aes-256-cbc -iter 1000000 -out pk8.pem
+ openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v2 aes-256-cbc -iter 1000000 -out pk8.pem
 
 =head1 STANDARDS
 
@@ -250,10 +280,6 @@ PKCS#8 private key format complies with this standard.
 There should be an option that prints out the encryption algorithm
 in use and other details such as the iteration count.
 
-PKCS#8 using triple DES and PKCS#5 v2.0 should be the default private
-key format for OpenSSL: for compatibility several of the utilities use
-the old format at present.
-
 =head1 SEE ALSO
 
 L<dsa(1)>, L<rsa(1)>, L<genrsa(1)>,

doc/apps/pkey.pod

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ B<openssl> B<pkey>
 [B<-passin arg>]
 [B<-out filename>]
 [B<-passout arg>]
+[B<-traditional>]
 [B<-cipher>]
 [B<-text>]
 [B<-text_pub>]
@@ -67,6 +68,12 @@ filename.
 the output file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
 see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
 
+=item B<-traditional>
+
+normally a private key is written using standard format: this is PKCS#8 form
+with the appropriate encryption algorithm (if any). If the B<-traditional>
+option is specified then the older "traditional" format is used instead.
+
 =item B<-cipher>
 
 These options encrypt the private key with the supplied cipher. Any algorithm

doc/crypto/pem.pod

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 =head1 NAME
 
 PEM, PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey, PEM_read_PrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey,
-PEM_write_PrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey,
+PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional, PEM_write_PrivateKey,
+PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey,
 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid,
 PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY, PEM_read_PUBKEY, PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY, PEM_write_PUBKEY,
 PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey,
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ PEM_write_bio_PKCS7, PEM_write_PKCS7 - PEM routines
  int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
                               unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
                               pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
+ int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
+                                          const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
+                                          unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
+                                          pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
  int PEM_write_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
                           unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
                           pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
@@ -157,19 +162,21 @@ clarity the term "B<foobar> functions" will be used to collectively
 refer to the PEM_read_bio_foobar(), PEM_read_foobar(),
 PEM_write_bio_foobar() and PEM_write_foobar() functions.
 
-The B<PrivateKey> functions read or write a private key in
-PEM format using an EVP_PKEY structure. The write routines use
-"traditional" private key format and can handle both RSA and DSA
-private keys. The read functions can additionally transparently
-handle PKCS#8 format encrypted and unencrypted keys too.
+The B<PrivateKey> functions read or write a private key in PEM format using an
+EVP_PKEY structure. The write routines use PKCS#8 private key format and are
+equivalent to PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey().The read functions transparently
+handle traditional and PKCS#8 format encrypted and unencrypted keys.
 
-PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey()
-write a private key in an EVP_PKEY structure in PKCS#8
-EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo format using PKCS#5 v2.0 password based encryption
-algorithms. The B<cipher> argument specifies the encryption algorithm to
-use: unlike all other PEM routines the encryption is applied at the
-PKCS#8 level and not in the PEM headers. If B<cipher> is NULL then no
-encryption is used and a PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo structure is used instead.
+PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional() writes out a private key in legacy
+"traditional" format.
+
+PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() write a private
+key in an EVP_PKEY structure in PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo format using
+PKCS#5 v2.0 password based encryption algorithms. The B<cipher> argument
+specifies the encryption algorithm to use: unlike some other PEM routines the
+encryption is applied at the PKCS#8 level and not in the PEM headers. If
+B<cipher> is NULL then no encryption is used and a PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo
+structure is used instead.
 
 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid()
 also write out a private key as a PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo however
@@ -182,7 +189,8 @@ structure. The public key is encoded as a SubjectPublicKeyInfo
 structure.
 
 The B<RSAPrivateKey> functions process an RSA private key using an
-RSA structure. It handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
+RSA structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
+routines handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
 functions but an error occurs if the private key is not RSA.
 
 The B<RSAPublicKey> functions process an RSA public key using an
@@ -195,7 +203,8 @@ SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the public
 key is not RSA.
 
 The B<DSAPrivateKey> functions process a DSA private key using a
-DSA structure. It handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
+DSA structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
+routines handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
 functions but an error occurs if the private key is not DSA.
 
 The B<DSA_PUBKEY> functions process a DSA public key using
@@ -403,7 +412,7 @@ password is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() using the B<data> and B<datal>
 parameters. Finally, the library uses an iteration count of 1 for
 EVP_BytesToKey().
 
-he B<key> derived by EVP_BytesToKey() along with the original initialization
+The B<key> derived by EVP_BytesToKey() along with the original initialization
 vector is then used to decrypt the encrypted data. The B<iv> produced by
 EVP_BytesToKey() is not utilized or needed, and NULL should be passed to
 the function.

include/openssl/pem.h

@@ -359,6 +359,11 @@ DECLARE_PEM_write_const(DHxparams, DH)
 DECLARE_PEM_rw_cb(PrivateKey, EVP_PKEY)
 DECLARE_PEM_rw(PUBKEY, EVP_PKEY)
 
+int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
+                                         const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
+                                         unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
+                                         pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
+
 int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
                                       char *kstr, int klen,
                                       pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);