definition in linux:
 #define O_TMPFILE (__O_TMPFILE | O_DIRECTORY)
where __O_TMPFILE and O_DIRECTORY are arch specific

this is necessary to meet the C++ ABI target. alternatives were
considered to avoid the size increase for non-sig jmp_buf objects, but
they seemed to have worse properties. moreover, the relative size
increase is only extreme on x86[_64]; one way of interpreting this is
that, if the size increase from this patch makes jmp_buf use too much
memory, then the program was already using too much memory when built
for non-x86 archs.

i386 was done with the big commit but I missed the others

rather than moving nlink_t back to the arch-specific file, I've added
a macro _Reg defined to the canonical type for register-size values on
the arch. this is not the same as _Addr for (not-yet-supported)
32-on-64 pseudo-archs like x32 and mips n32, so a new macro was
needed.

aside from the obvious C++ ABI purpose for this change, it also brings
musl into alignment with the compiler's idea of the definition of
wint_t (use in -Wformat), and makes the situation less awkward on ARM,
where wchar_t is unsigned.

internal code using wint_t and WEOF was checked against this change,
and while a few cases of storing WEOF into wchar_t were found, they
all seem to operate properly with the natural conversion from unsigned
to signed.

the arch-specific bits/alltypes.h.sh has been replaced with a generic
alltypes.h.in and minimal arch-specific bits/alltypes.h.in.

this commit is intended to have no functional changes except:
- exposing additional symbols that POSIX allows but does not require
- changing the C++ name mangling for some types
- fixing the signedness of blksize_t on powerpc (POSIX requires signed)
- fixing the limit macros for sig_atomic_t on x86_64
- making dev_t an unsigned type (ABI matching goal, and more logical)

in addition, some types that were wrongly defined with long on 32-bit
archs were changed to int, and vice versa; this change is
non-functional except for the possibility of making pointer types
mismatch, and only affects programs that were using them incorrectly,
and only at build-time, not runtime.

the following changes were made in the interest of moving
non-arch-specific types out of the alltypes system and into the
headers they're associated with, and also will tend to improve
application compatibility:
- netdb.h now includes netinet/in.h (for socklen_t and uint32_t)
- netinet/in.h now includes sys/socket.h and inttypes.h
- sys/resource.h now includes sys/time.h (for struct timeval)
- sys/wait.h now includes signal.h (for siginfo_t)
- langinfo.h now includes nl_types.h (for nl_item)

for the types in stdint.h:
- types which are of no interest to other headers were moved out of
  the alltypes system.
- fast types for 8- and 64-bit are hard-coded (at least for now); only
  the 16- and 32-bit ones have reason to vary by arch.

and the following types have been changed for C++ ABI purposes;
- mbstate_t now has a struct tag, __mbstate_t
- FILE's struct tag has been changed to _IO_FILE
- DIR's struct tag has been changed to __dirstream
- locale_t's struct tag has been changed to __locale_struct
- pthread_t is defined as unsigned long in C++ mode only
- fpos_t now has a struct tag, _G_fpos64_t
- fsid_t's struct tag has been changed to __fsid_t
- idtype_t has been made an enum type (also required by POSIX)
- nl_catd has been changed from long to void *
- siginfo_t's struct tag has been removed
- sigset_t's has been given a struct tag, __sigset_t
- stack_t has been given a struct tag, sigaltstack
- suseconds_t has been changed to long on 32-bit archs
- [u]intptr_t have been changed from long to int rank on 32-bit archs
- dev_t has been made unsigned

summary of tests that have been performed against these changes:
- nsz's libc-test (diff -u before and after)
- C++ ABI check symbol dump (diff -u before, after, glibc)
- grepped for __NEED, made sure types needed are still in alltypes
- built gcc 3.4.6

this change is both to fix one of the remaining type (and thus C++
ABI) mismatches with glibc/LSB and to allow use of the full range of
uid and gid values, if so desired.

passwd/group access functions were not prepared to deal with unsigned
values, so they too have been fixed with this commit.

patch by Luka Perkov, who noted that all other archs have a newline.

despite declaring functions that take arguments of type va_list, these
headers are not permitted by the c standard to expose the definition
of va_list, so an alias for the type must be used. the name
__isoc_va_list was chosen to convey that the purpose of this alternate
name is for iso c conformance, and to avoid the multitude of names
which gcc mangles with its hideous "fixincludes" monstrosity, leading
to serious header breakage if these "fixes" are run.

following glibc use the lowest rank 64bit integer type for ino_t etc.
this is eg. useful for printf format compatibility

there was some question as to how many decimal places to use, since
one decimal place is always sufficient to identify the smallest
denormal uniquely. for now, I'm following the example in the C
standard which is consistent with the other min/max macros we already
had in place.

the preprocessor can reliably determine the signedness of wchar_t.
L'\0' is used for 0 in the expressions so that, if the underlying type
of wchar_t is long rather than int, the promoted type of the
expression will match the type of wchar_t.

this type was removed back in 5243e5f1 ,
because it was removed from the XSI specs.
however some apps use it.
since it's in the POSIX reserved namespace, we can expose it
unconditionally.

and remove syscall todos from microblaze

reportedly some programs (e.g. showkeys in the kbd package) use it.

wctype_t was incorrectly "int" rather than "long" on x86_64. not only
is this an ABI incompatibility; it's also a major design flaw if we
ever wanted wctype_t to be implemented as a pointer, which would be
necessary if locales support custom character classes, since int is
too small to store a converted pointer. this commit fixes wctype_t to
be unsigned long on all archs, matching the LSB ABI; this change does
not matter for C code, but for C++ it affects mangling.

the same issue applied to wctrans_t. glibc/LSB defines this type as
const __int32_t *, but since no such definition is visible, I've just
expanded the definition, int, everywhere.

it would be nice if these types (which don't vary by arch) could be in
wctype.h, but the OB XSI requirement in POSIX that wchar.h expose some
types and functions from wctype.h precludes doing so. glibc works
around this with some hideous hacks, but trying to duplicate that
would go against the intent of musl's headers.

x86_64 does not have excess precision, at all

mips and powerpc already had this termios flag defined

it was already defined for mips, but was missing from other archs

they were accidentally exposed under just baseline POSIX, which is a
big namespace pollution issue. thankfully glibc only exposes them
under _GNU_SOURCE, not under any of its other options, so omitting
the pollution in the default _BSD_SOURCE profile does not hurt
application compatibility at all.

glibc exposes them from ucontext.h.
since that header includes signal.h, it is safe to put them
into bits/signal.h, if _GNU_SOURCE is defined.

these are also needed by qemu.

this is needed for qemu, and since it differs for each arch
it can't be circumvented easily by using a macro in CFLAGS.

these structures are purely for use by trace/debug tools and tools
working with core files. the definition of fpregset_t, which was
previously here, has been removed because it was wrong; fpregset_t
should be the type used in mcontext_t, not the type used in
ptrace/core stuff.

with these changes, the members/types of mcontext_t and related stuff
should closely match the glibc definitions. unlike glibc, however, the
definitions here avoid using typedefs as much as possible and work
directly with the underlying types, to minimize namespace pollution
from signal.h in the default (_BSD_SOURCE) profile.

this is a first step in improving compatibility with applications
which poke at context/register information -- mainly debuggers, trace
utilities, etc. additional definitions in ucontext.h and other headers
may be needed later.

if feature test macros are used to request a conforming namespace,
mcontext_t is replaced with an opaque structure of the equivalent size
and alignment; conforming programs cannot examine its contents anyway.

unlike the previous definition, NSIG/_NSIG is supposed to be one more
than the highest signal number. adding this will allow simplifying
libc-internal code that makes signal-related syscalls, which can be
done as a later step. some apps might use it too; while this usage is
questionable, it's at least not insane.

apparently some other archs have sys/io.h and should not break just
because they don't have the x86 port io functions. provide a blank
bits/io.h everywhere for now.

based on proposal by Isaac Dunham. nonexistance of bits/io.h will
cause inclusion of sys/io.h to produce an error on archs that are not
supposed to have it. this is probably the desired behavior, but the
error message may be a bit unusual.

put some macros that do not differ between architectures in the
main header and remove from bits.
restructure mips header so it has the same structure as the others.

the linux O_PATH mode provides the necessary semantics for both the
O_SEARCH and O_EXEC modes defined and required by POSIX 2008.

I'm not 100% sure that Linux's O_PATH meets the POSIX requirements for
O_SEARCH, but it seems very close if not perfect. and old kernels
ignore it, so O_SEARCH will still work as desired as long as the
caller has read permissions to the directory.

now public syscall.h only exposes __NR_* and SYS_* constants and the
variadic syscall function. no macros or inline functions, no
__syscall_ret or other internal details, no 16-/32-bit legacy syscall
renaming, etc. this logic has all been moved to src/internal/syscall.h
with the arch-specific parts in arch/$(ARCH)/syscall_arch.h, and the
amount of arch-specific stuff has been reduced to a minimum.

changes still need to be reviewed/double-checked. minimal testing on
i386 and mips has already been performed.