this is necessary to support archs where fenv is incomplete or
unavailable (presently arm). fma, fmal, and the lrint family should
work perfectly fine with this change; fmaf is slightly broken with
respect to rounding as it depends on non-default rounding modes to do
its work.

otherwise, the standard C lgamma function will clobber a symbol in the
namespace reserved for the application.

standard functions cannot depend on nonstandard symbols

a double precision nan, when converted to extended (80-bit) precision,
will never end in 0x400, since the corresponding bits do not exist in
the original double precision value. thus there's no need to waste
time and code size on this check.

long double and float bessel functions are no longer xsi extensions

presumably broken gcc may generate calls to these, and it's said that
ffmpeg makes use of sincosf.

the fsqrt opcode is correctly rounded, but only in the fpu's selected
precision mode, which is 80-bit extended precision. to get a correctly
rounded double precision output, we check for the only corner cases
where two-step rounding could give different results than one-step
(extended-precision mantissa ending in 0x400) and adjust the mantissa
slightly in the opposite direction of the rounding which the fpu
already did (reported in the c1 flag of the fpu status word).

this should have near-zero cost in the non-corner cases and at worst
very low cost.

note that in order for sqrt() to get used when compiling with gcc, the
broken, non-conformant builtin sqrt must be disabled.

other cases with %x were probably broken too.

I would actually like to go ahead and replace this code in scanf with
calls to the new __intparse framework, but for now this calls for a
quick and unobtrusive fix without the risk of breaking other things.

thanks to the hard work of Szabolcs Nagy (nsz), identifying the best
(from correctness and license standpoint) implementations from freebsd
and openbsd and cleaning them up! musl should now fully support c99
float and long double math functions, and has near-complete complex
math support. tgmath should also work (fully on gcc-compatible
compilers, and mostly on any c99 compiler).

based largely on commit 0376d44a890fea261506f1fc63833e7a686dca19 from
nsz's libm git repo, with some additions (dummy versions of a few
missing long double complex functions, etc.) by me.

various cleanups still need to be made, including re-adding (if
they're correct) some asm functions that were dropped.

I've had this around for a long time but somehow it never got
committed.

the previous version not only failed to work in c++, but also failed
to produce constant expressions, making the macros useless as
initializers for objects of static storage duration.

gcc 3.3 and later have builtins for these, which sadly seem to be the
most "portable" solution. the alternative definitions produce
exceptions (for NAN) and compiler warnings (for INFINITY) on newer
versions of gcc.

these are mostly untested and adapted directly from corresponding byte
string functions and similar.

this is a popular extension some programs depend on, and by using a
temporary buffer and strdup rather than malloc prior to the syscall,
i've avoided the dependency on free and thus minimized the bloat cost
of supporting this feature.

this is necessitated by the ugly <syscall.h> just added

these will also avoid obnoxious warnings with gcc -Wbraces.

apparently some broken stuff (libstdc++) needs this.