although a number is reserved for it, this option is not implemented
on Linux and does not work. defining it causes some applications to
use it, and subsequently break due to its failure.

previous version did not compare at all; it was just a fancy atomic
write. untested. further atomic fixes may be needed.

keeping only commonly used data in invtrigl

this also fixes overflow/underflow raising and excess
precision issues (as those are handled well in scalbn)

the volatile hack in STRICT_ASSIGN is only needed if
assignment is not respected and excess precision is kept.
gcc -fexcess-precision=standard and -ffloat-store both
respect assignment and musl use these flags by default.
i kept the macro for now so the workaround may be used
for bad compilers in the future.

old code was correct only if the result was stored (without the
excess precision) or musl was compiled with -ffloat-store.
now we use STRICT_ASSIGN to work around the issue.
(see note 160 in c11 section 6.8.6.4)

old code was correct only if the result was stored (without the
excess precision) or musl was compiled with -ffloat-store.
(see note 160 in n1570.pdf section 6.8.6.4)

old code (return x+x;) returns correct value and raises correct
flags only if the result is stored as double (or float)

POSIX includes mostly-useless attribute-get functions for each
attribute-set function, presumably out of some object-oriented
dogmatism. the get functions are not useful with the simple idiomatic
usage of attributes. there are of course possible valid uses of them
(like writing wrappers for pthread init functions that perform special
actions on the presence of certain attributes), but considering how
tiny these functions are anyway, little is lost by putting them all in
one file, and some build-time cost and archive-file-size benefits are
achieved.

also update another newish feature in sysconf, stackaddr

linux's sched_* syscalls actually implement the TPS (thread
scheduling) functionality, not the PS (process scheduling)
functionality which the sched_* functions are supposed to have.
omitting support for the PS option (and having the sched_* interfaces
fail with ENOSYS rather than omitting them, since some broken software
assumes they exist) seems to be the only conforming way to do this on
linux.

this function does not obey the normal calling convention; like a
syscall instruction, it's expected not to clobber any registers except
the return value. clobbering edx could break callers that were reusing
the value cached in edx after the syscall returns.

per interpretation for austin group issue #626, fflush(0) and exit()
must block waiting for a lock if another thread has locked a memory
stream with flockfile. this adds some otherwise-unnecessary
synchronization cost to use of memory streams, but there was already a
synchronization cost calling malloc anyway.

previously the stream was only added to the open file list in
single-threaded programs, so that upon subsequent call to
pthread_create, locking could be turned on for the stream.

this change was originally intended just to avoid repeated attempts to
open a nonexistant /etc/ls-musl-$(ARCH).path file, but I realized it
also prevents the default paths from being searched when such a path
file exists. despite the potential to break existing usage, I believe
the new behavior is the right behavior, and it's better to fix it
sooner rather than later. with the old behavior, it was impossible to
inhibit search of default paths which might contain musl-incompatible
libs (or even libs from a different cpu arch, on multi-arch machines).

previously, empty string was treated as "use default". this is
apparently not compatible with standard configure semantics where an
empty prefix puts everything under /. the new logic should be a lot
cleaner and not suffer from such issues.

this mirrors the stdio_impl.h cleanup. one header which is not
strictly needed, errno.h, is left in pthread_impl.h, because since
pthread functions return their error codes rather than using errno,
nearly every single pthread function needs the errno constants.

in a few places, rather than bringing in string.h to use memset, the
memset was replaced by direct assignment. this seems to generate much
better code anyway, and makes many functions which were previously
non-leaf functions into leaf functions (possibly eliminating a great
deal of bloat on some platforms where non-leaf functions require ugly
prologue and/or epilogue).

this header evolved to facilitate the extremely lazy practice of
omitting explicit includes of the necessary headers in individual
stdio source files; not only was this sloppy, but it also increased
build time.

now, stdio_impl.h is only including the headers it needs for its own
use; any further headers needed by source files are included directly
where needed.

saving the return address from the delay slot is not valid -- by the
time the instruction executes, the return address has already been
replaced.

checking for EINVAL should be sufficient, but qemu user emulation
returns EPROTONOSUPPORT in some of the failure cases, and it seems
conceivable that other kernels doing linux-emulation could make the
same mistake. since DNS lookups and other important code might break
if the fallback does not get invoked, be extra careful and check for
either error.

note that it's important NOT to perform the fallback code on other
errors such as resource-exhaustion cases, since the fallback is not
atomic and will lead to file-descriptor leaks in multi-threaded
programs that use exec. the fallback code is only "safe" to run when
the initial failure is caused by the application's choice of
arguments, not the system state.