These macros were introduced in glibc 2.12 to follow RFC 2474 which
deprecates "IP Precedence" in favor of "Class Selector Codepoints".

new in linux v4.0, commit 9791554b45a2acc28247f66a5fd5bbc212a6b8c8
used to work around a floating-point abi issue on mips

new in linux v3.19, commit fe3d197f84319d3bce379a9c0dc17b1f48ad358c
used for on-demand kernel allocation of bounds tables for mpx on x86

new in linux v4.0, commit ad6f939ab193750cc94a265f58e007fb598c97b7

the casts of the argument to unsigned int suppressed diagnosis of
errors like passing a pointer instead of a character. putting the
actual function call in an unreachable branch restores any diagnostics
that would be present if the macros didn't exist and functions were
used.

the C standard specifies that setjmp is a macro, but longjmp is a
normal function. a macro version of it would be permitted (albeit
useless) for C (not C++), but would have to be a function-like macro,
not an object-like one.

while it's the same for all presently supported archs, it differs at
least on sparc, and conceptually it's no less arch-specific than the
other O_* macros. O_SEARCH and O_EXEC are still defined in terms of
O_PATH in the main fcntl.h.

commit 559de8f5 redefined FLT_ROUNDS
to use an external function that can report the actual current
rounding mode, rather than always reporting round-to-nearest. however,
float.h did not include 'extern "C"' wrapping for C++, so C++ programs
using FLT_ROUNDS ended up with an unresolved reference to a
name-mangled C++ function __flt_rounds.

the previous values (2k min and 8k default) were too small for some
archs. aarch64 reserves 4k in the signal context for future extensions
and requires about 4.5k total, and powerpc reportedly uses over 2k.
the new minimums are chosen to fit the saved context and also allow a
minimal signal handler to run.

since the default (SIGSTKSZ) has always been 6k larger than the
minimum, it is also increased to maintain the 6k usable by the signal
handler. this happens to be able to store one pathname buffer and
should be sufficient for calling any function in libc that doesn't
involve conversion between floating point and decimal representations.

x86 (both 32-bit and 64-bit variants) may also need a larger minimum
(around 2.5k) in the future to support avx-512, but the values on
these archs are left alone for now pending further analysis.

the value for PTHREAD_STACK_MIN is not increased to match MINSIGSTKSZ
at this time. this is so as not to preclude applications from using
extremely small thread stacks when they know they will not be handling
signals. unfortunately cancellation and multi-threaded set*id() use
signals as an implementation detail and therefore require a stack
large enough for a signal context, so applications which use extremely
small thread stacks may still need to avoid using these features.

Implemented as a wrapper around fegetround introducing a new function
to the ABI: __flt_rounds. (fegetround cannot be used directly from float.h)

new in linux v3.19 commit ee1b58d36aa1b5a79eaba11f5c3633c88231da83
used to report intel mpx bound violation information.

normally time.h would provide a definition for this struct, but
depending on the feature test macros in use, it may not be exposed,
leading to warnings when it's used in the function prototypes.

these macros have the same distinct definition on blackfin, frv, m68k,
mips, sparc and xtensa kernels. POLLMSG and POLLRDHUP additionally
differ on sparc.

the memory model we use internally for atomics permits plain loads of
values which may be subject to concurrent modification without
requiring that a special load function be used. since a compiler is
free to make transformations that alter the number of loads or the way
in which loads are performed, the compiler is theoretically free to
break this usage. the most obvious concern is with atomic cas
constructs: something of the form tmp=*p;a_cas(p,tmp,f(tmp)); could be
transformed to a_cas(p,*p,f(*p)); where the latter is intended to show
multiple loads of *p whose resulting values might fail to be equal;
this would break the atomicity of the whole operation. but even more
fundamental breakage is possible.

with the changes being made now, objects that may be modified by
atomics are modeled as volatile, and the atomic operations performed
on them by other threads are modeled as asynchronous stores by
hardware which happens to be acting on the request of another thread.
such modeling of course does not itself address memory synchronization
between cores/cpus, but that aspect was already handled. this all
seems less than ideal, but it's the best we can do without mandating a
C11 compiler and using the C11 model for atomics.

in the case of pthread_once_t, the ABI type of the underlying object
is not volatile-qualified. so we are assuming that accessing the
object through a volatile-qualified lvalue via casts yields volatile
access semantics. the language of the C standard is somewhat unclear
on this matter, but this is an assumption the linux kernel also makes,
and seems to be the correct interpretation of the standard.

this is a new extension which is presently intended only for
experimental and internal libc use. interface and behavior details may
change subject to feedback and experience from using it internally.

the basic concept for the new PTHREAD_CANCEL_MASKED state is that the
first cancellation point to observe the cancellation request fails
with an errno value of ECANCELED rather than acting on cancellation,
allowing the caller to process the status and choose whether/how to
act upon it.

these socket options are new in linux v3.19, introduced in commit
2c8c56e15df3d4c2af3d656e44feb18789f75837 and commit
89aa075832b0da4402acebd698d0411dcc82d03e

with SO_INCOMING_CPU the cpu can be queried on which a socket is
managed inside the kernel and optimize polling of large number of
sockets accordingly.

SO_ATTACH_BPF lets eBPF programs (created by the bpf syscall) to
be attached to sockets.

the definitions are generic for all kernel archs. exposure of these
macros now only occurs on the same feature test as for the function
accepting them, which is believed to be more correct.

PR_SET_MM_MAP was introduced as a subcommand for PR_SET_MM in
linux v3.18 commit f606b77f1a9e362451aca8f81d8f36a3a112139e

the associated struct type is replicated in sys/prctl.h using
libc types.

example usage:

 struct prctl_mm_map *p;
 ...
 prctl(PR_SET_MM, PR_SET_MM_MAP, p, sizeof *p);

the kernel side supported struct size may be queried with
the PR_SET_MM_MAP_SIZE subcommand.

per the rules for hexadecimal integer constants, the previous
definitions were correctly treated as having unsigned type except
possibly when used in preprocessor conditionals, where all artithmetic
takes place as intmax_t or uintmax_t. the explicit 'u' suffix ensures
that they are treated as unsigned in all contexts.

since wint_t is unsigned, WINT_MIN needs to expand to an unsigned zero.

it's unclear whether compilers which provide pure imaginary types
might produce a pure imaginary expression for 1.0fi. using 0.0f+1.0fi
ensures that the result is explicitly complex and makes this obvious
to human readers too.

this change is not necessary but helps diagnose invalid code. based on
patch by Jens Gustedt.

based on patches by Jens Gustedt. these macros need to be usable in
static initializers, and the old definitions were not.

there is no portable way to provide correct definitions for these
macros unless the compiler supports pure imaginary types. a portable
definition is provided for this case even though there are presently
no compilers that can use it. gcc and compatible compilers provide a
builtin function that can be used, but clang fails to support this and
instead requires a construct which is a constraint violation and which
is only a constant expression as a clang-specific extension.

since these macros are a namespace violation in pre-C11 profiles, and
since no known pre-C11 compilers provide any way to define them
correctly anyway, the definitions have been made conditional on C11.

based on patch by Timo Teräs, with some corrections to bounds checking
code and other minor changes.

while they are borderline scope creep, the functions added are fairly
small and are roughly the minimum code needed to use the results of
the res_query API without re-implementing error-prone DNS packet
parsing, and they are used in practice by some kerberos related
software and possibly other things. at this time there is no intent to
implement further nameser.h API functions.

C++ programmers typically expect something like "::function(x,y)" to work
and may be surprised to find that "(::function)(x,y)" is actually required
due to the headers declaring a macro version of some standard functions.

We already omit function-like macros for C++ in most cases where there is
a real function available. This commit extends this to the remaining
function-like macros which have a real function version.

based on patch by Sergey Dmitrouk.

new in linux v3.17 commit 40e041a2c858b3caefc757e26cb85bfceae5062b
sealing allows some operations to be blocked on a file which makes
file access safer when fds are shared between processes (only
supported for shared mem fds currently)

flags:
F_SEAL_SEAL prevents further sealing
F_SEAL_SHRINK prevents file from shrinking
F_SEAL_GROW prevents file from growing
F_SEAL_WRITE prevents writes

fcntl commands:
F_GET_SEALS get the current seal flags
F_ADD_SEALS add new seal flags

added in linux v3.17 commit 753a2ad54ef45e3417a9d49537c2b42b04a2e1be
enables automatic flow label generation on transmit

as a result of commit ab8f6a6e, this
definition is now equivalent to the actual "default profile" which
appears immediately below in features.h, and which defines both
_BSD_SOURCE and _XOPEN_SOURCE.

the intent of providing a _DEFAULT_SOURCE, which glibc also now
provides, is to give applications a way to "get back" the default
feature profile when it was lost either by compiler flags that inhibit
it (such as -std=c99) or by library-provided predefined macros (such
as -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L) which may inhibit exposure of features
that were otherwise visible by default and which the application may
need. without _DEFAULT_SOURCE, the application had encode knowledge of
a particular libc's defaults, and such knowledge was fragile and
subject to bitrot.

eventually the names _GNU_SOURCE and _BSD_SOURCE should be phased out
in favor of the more-descriptive and more-accurate _ALL_SOURCE and
_DEFAULT_SOURCE, leaving the old names as aliases but using the new
ones internally. however this is a more invasive change that would
require extensive regression testing, so it is deferred.

this could be an error if _GNU_SOURCE was already defined differently
by the application.

the vast majority of these failures seem to have been oversights at
the time _BSD_SOURCE was added, or perhaps shortly afterward. the one
which may have had some reason behind it is omission of setpgrp from
the _BSD_SOURCE feature profile, since the standard setpgrp interface
conflicts with a legacy (pre-POSIX) BSD interface by the same name.
however, such omission is not aligned with our general policy in this
area (for example, handling of similar _GNU_SOURCE cases) and should
not be preserved.

open file description locks are inherited across fork and only auto
dropped after the last fd of the file description is closed, they can be
used to synchronize between threads that open separate file descriptions
for the same file.

new in linux 3.15 commit 0d3f7a2dd2f5cf9642982515e020c1aee2cf7af6

based on patch by Jens Gustedt.

mtx_t and cnd_t are defined in such a way that they are formally
"compatible types" with pthread_mutex_t and pthread_cond_t,
respectively, when accessed from a different translation unit. this
makes it possible to implement the C11 functions using the pthread
functions (which will dereference them with the pthread types) without
having to use the same types, which would necessitate either namespace
violations (exposing pthread type names in threads.h) or incompatible
changes to the C++ name mangling ABI for the pthread types.

for the rest of the types, things are much simpler; using identical
types is possible without any namespace considerations.

based on patch by Jens Gustedt for inclusion with C11 threads
implementation, but committed separately since it's independent of
threads.

there is no blksize64_t (blksize_t is always long) but there are
fsblkcnt64_t and fsfilcnt64_t types in sys/stat.h and sys/types.h.
and glob.h missed glob64_t.