commit f630df09 added logic to handle
the case where __set_thread_area is called more than once by reusing
the GDT slot already in the %gs register, and only setting up a new
GDT slot when %gs is zero. this created a hidden assumption that %gs
is zero when a new process image starts, which is true in practice on
Linux, but does not seem to be documented ABI, and fails to hold under
qemu app-level emulation.

while it would in theory be possible to zero %gs in the entry point
code, this code is shared between static and dynamic binaries, and
dynamic binaries must not clobber the value of %gs already setup by
the dynamic linker.

the alternative solution implemented in this commit simply uses global
data to store the GDT index that's selected. __set_thread_area should
only be called in the initial thread anyway (subsequent threads get
their thread pointer setup by __clone), but even if it were called by
another thread, it would simply read and write back the same GDT index
that was already assigned to the initial thread, and thus (in the x86
memory model) there is no data race.

compilers targeting armv7 may be configured to produce thumb2 code
instead of arm code by default, and in the future we may wish to
support targets where only the thumb instruction set is available.

the instructions this patch omits in thumb mode are needed only for
non-thumb versions of armv4 or earlier, which are not supported by any
current compilers/toolchains and thus rather pointless to have. at
some point these compatibility return sequences may be removed from
all asm source files, and in that case it would make sense to remove
them here too and remove the ifdef.

compilers targeting armv7 may be configured to produce thumb2 code
instead of arm code by default, and in the future we may wish to
support targets where only the thumb instruction set is available.

the changes made here avoid operating directly on the sp register,
which is not possible in thumb code, and address an issue with the way
the address of _DYNAMIC is computed.

previously, the relative address of _DYNAMIC was stored with an
additional offset of -8 versus the pc-relative add instruction, since
on arm the pc register evaluates to ".+8". in thumb code, it instead
evaluates to ".+4". both are two (normal-size) instructions beyond "."
in the current execution mode, so the numbered label 2 used in the
relative address expression is simply moved two instructions ahead to
be compatible with both instruction sets.

a null pointer is valid here and indicates that the current time
should be used. based on patch by Felix Janda, simplified.

i386, x86_64, x32, and powerpc all use TLS for stack protector canary
values in the default stack protector ABI, but the location only
matched the ABI on i386 and x86_64. on x32, the expected location for
the canary contained the tid, thus producing spurious mismatches
(resulting in process termination) upon fork. on powerpc, the expected
location contained the stdio_locks list head, so returning from a
function after calling flockfile produced spurious mismatches. in both
cases, the random canary was not present, and a predictable value was
used instead, making the stack protector hardening much less effective
than it should be.

in the current fix, the thread structure has been expanded to have
canary fields at all three possible locations, and archs that use a
non-default location must define a macro in pthread_arch.h to choose
which location is used. for most archs (which lack TLS canary ABI) the
choice does not matter.

this is analogous to commit 2ca55a93
for the macros in ctype.h.

the 64-bit push reads not only the 32-bit return address but also the
first 32 signal mask bits. if any were nonzero, the return address
obtained will be invalid.

at some point storage of the return address should probably be moved
to follow the saved mask so that there's plenty room and the same code
can be used on x32 and regular x86_64, but for now I want a fix that
does not risk breaking x86_64, and this simple re-zeroing works.

the kernel does not properly clear the upper bits of the syscall
argument, so we have to do it before the syscall.

the lifetime of compound literals is the block in which they appear.
the temporary struct __timespec_kernel objects created as compound
literals no longer existed at the time their addresses were passed to
the kernel.

These macros were introduced in glibc 2.12 to follow RFC 2474 which
deprecates "IP Precedence" in favor of "Class Selector Codepoints".

These cases were incorrect in C11 as described by
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1886.htm

due to an incorrect return statement in this error case, the
previously blocked cancellation state was not restored and no result
was stored. this could lead to invalid (read) accesses in the caller
resulting in crashes or nonsensical result data in the event of memory
exhaustion.

remove __syscall declaration where it is not needed (aarch64, arm,
microblaze, or1k) and add the hidden attribute where it is (mips).

commit f3ddd173 broke the build by
using "bx" instead of "br".

while the sh port is still experimental and subject to ABI
instability, this is not actually an application/libc boundary ABI
change. it only affects third-party APIs where jmp_buf is used in a
shared structure at the ABI boundary, because nothing anywhere near
the end of the jmp_buf object (which includes the oversized sigset_t)
is accessed by libc.

both glibc and uclibc have 15-slot jmp_buf for sh. presumably the
smaller version was used in musl because the slots for fpu status
register and thread pointer register (gbr) were incorrect and must not
be restored by longjmp, but the size should have been preserved, as
it's generally treated as a libc-agnostic ABI property for the arch,
and having extra slots free in case we ever need them for something is
useful anyway.

at least some assembler versions do not accept the register name lr.
use the name x30 instead.

previously it was using the same name as the default ABI with hard
float (floating point args and return value in registers).

the test __SH_FPU_ANY__ || __SH4__ matches what's used in the
configure script already, and seems correct under casual review
against gcc's config/sh.h, but may need tweaks. the logic for
predefined macros for sh, and what they all mean, is very complex.
eventually this should be documented in comments here.

configure already rejects "half-hard" configurations on sh where
double=float since these do not conform to Annex F and are not
suitable for musl, so these do not need to be considered here.

commit 646cb9a4 switched sigsetjmp to
use the new hidden ___setjmp symbol for setjmp, but the nofpu variant
of setjmp.s was not updated to match.

versions of reloc.h that rely on endian macros much include endian.h
to ensure they are available.

both static and dynamic linked versions of the __copy_tls function
have a hidden assumption that the alignment of the beginning or end of
the memory passed is suitable for storing an array of pointers for the
dtv. pthread_create satisfies this requirement except when
libc.tls_size is misaligned, which cannot happen with dynamic linking
due to way update_tls_size computes the total size, but could happen
with static linking and odd-sized TLS.

commit dab441ae, which made thread
pointer init mandatory for all programs, rendered this store obsolete
by removing the early-return path for static programs with no TLS.

this slightly reduces the code size cost of TLS/thread-pointer for
static linking since __init_tp can be inlined into its only caller and
removed. this is analogous to the handling of __init_libc in
__libc_start_main, where the function only has external linkage when
it needs to be called from the dynamic linker.

the implicit-operand form of fucomip is rejected by binutils 2.19 and
perhaps other versions still in use. writing both operands explicitly
fixes the issue. there is no change to the resulting output.

commit a732e80d was the source of this
regression.

use CAS instead of swap since it's lighter for most archs, and keep
EBUSY in the lock value so that the old value obtained by CAS can be
used directly as the return value for pthread_spin_trylock.

the motivation for this change is that the extra declaration (with or
without visibility) using "struct _IO_FILE" instead of "FILE" seems to
trigger a bug in gcc 3.x where it considers the types mismatched.
however, this change also results in slightly better code and it is
valid because (1) these three objects are constant, and (2) applying
the & operator to any of them is invalid C, since they are not even
specified to be objects. thus it does not matter if the application
and libc see different addresses for them, as long as the (initial,
unchanging) value is seen the same by both.

these are used as hidden by asm files (and such use is the whole
reason they exist), but their actual definitions were not hidden.

commit f9cccfc1 left behind the part
in libc.c; remove it too.

part of the goal here is to eliminate use of the ATTR_LIBC_VISIBILITY
macro outside of libc.h, since it was never intended to be 'public'.

these were hacks to work around toolchains that could not properly
optimize PIC accesses based on visibility and would generate GOT
lookups even for hidden data, which broke the old dynamic linker.
since commit f3ddd173 it no longer
matters; the dynamic linker does not assume accessibility of this data
until stage 3.

pcc does not search for -include relative to the working directory
unless -I. is used. rather than adding -I., which could be problematic
if there's extra junk in the top-level directory, switch back to the
old method (reverting commit 60ed988f)
of using -include vis.h and relying on -I./src/internal being present
on the command line (which the Makefile guarantees). to fix the
breakage that was present in trycppif checks with the old method,
$CFLAGS_AUTO is removed from the command line passed to trycppif; this
is valid since $CFLAGS_AUTO should not contain options that alter
compiler semantics or ABI, only optimizations, warnings, etc.

when the non-stub duplocale code was added as part of the locale
framework in commit 0bc03091, the old
code to memcpy the old locale object to the new one was left behind.
the conditional for the memcpy no longer makes sense, because the
conditions are now always-true when it's reached, and the memcpy is
wrong because it clobbers the new->messages_name pointer setup just
above.

since the messages_name and ctype_utf8 members have already been
copied, all that remains is the cat[] array. these pointers are
volatile, so using memcpy to copy them is formally wrong; use a for
loop instead.