(tgamma must be thread-safe, signgam is for lgamma* functions)

this is necessary so that we can freely add macro versions of some of
the math/complex functions without worrying about breaking tgmath.

the old formula atan2(1,sqrt((1+x)/(1-x))) was faster but
could give nan result at x=1 when the rounding mode is
FE_DOWNWARD (so 1-1 == -0 and 2/-0 == -inf), the new formula
gives -0 at x=+-1 with downward rounding.

DECIMAL_DIG is not the same as LDBL_DIG

type_DIG is the maximimum number of decimal digits that can survive a
round trip from decimal to type and back to decimal.

DECIMAL_DIG is the minimum number of decimal digits required in order
for any floating point type to survive the round trip to decimal and
back, and it is generally larger than LDBL_DIG. since the exact
formula is non-trivial, and defining it larger than necessary may be
legal but wasteful, just define the right value in bits/float.h.

this has not been tested heavily, but it's known to at least assemble
and run in basic usage cases. it's nearly identical to the
corresponding i386 code, and thus expected to be just as correct or
just as incorrect.

some software apparently uses this and breaks with musl due to
mismatching definitions...

the main practical results of this change are
1. the regex code is no longer subject to LGPL; it's now 2-clause BSD
2. most (all?) popular nonstandard regex extensions are supported

I hesitate to call this a "sync" since both the old and new code are
heavily modified. in one sense, the old code was "more severely"
modified, in that it was actively hostile to non-strictly-conforming
expressions. on the other hand, the new code has eliminated the
useless translation of the entire regex string to wchar_t prior to
compiling, and now only converts multibyte character literals as
needed.

in the future i may use this modified TRE as a basis for writing the
long-planned new regex engine that will avoid multibyte-to-wide
character conversion entirely by compiling multibyte bracket
expressions specific to UTF-8.

old code saved/restored the fenv (the new code is only as slow
as that when inexact is not set before the call, but some other
flag is set and the rounding is inexact, which is rare)

before:
bench_nearbyint_exact              5000000 N        261 ns/op
bench_nearbyint_inexact_set        5000000 N        262 ns/op
bench_nearbyint_inexact_unset      5000000 N        261 ns/op

after:
bench_nearbyint_exact             10000000 N         94.99 ns/op
bench_nearbyint_inexact_set       25000000 N         65.81 ns/op
bench_nearbyint_inexact_unset     10000000 N         94.97 ns/op

fix comments about special cases

fix special cases, use multiplication instead of scalbnl

the fscale instruction is slow everywhere, probably because it
involves a costly and unnecessary integer truncation operation that
ends up being a no-op in common usages. instead, construct a floating
point scale value with integer arithmetic and simply multiply by it,
when possible.

for float and double, this is always possible by going to the
next-larger type. we use some cheap but effective saturating
arithmetic tricks to make sure even very large-magnitude exponents
fit. for long double, if the scaling exponent is too large to fit in
the exponent of a long double value, we simply fallback to the
expensive fscale method.

on atom cpu, these changes speed up scalbn by over 30%. (min rdtsc
timing dropped from 110 cycles to 70 cycles.)

this is a lot more efficient and also what is generally wanted.
perhaps the bit shuffling could be more efficient...

exponents (base 2) near 16383 were broken due to (1) wrong cutoff, and
(2) inability to fit the necessary range of scalings into a long
double value.

as a solution, we fall back to using frndint/fscale for insanely large
exponents, and also have to special-case infinities here to avoid
inf-inf generating nan.

thankfully the costly code never runs in normal usage cases.

zero, one, two, half are replaced by const literals
The policy was to use the f suffix for float consts (1.0f),
but don't use suffix for long double consts (these consts
can be exactly represented as double).

Underflow exception is only raised when the result is
invalid, but fmod is always exact. x87 has a denormalization
exception, but that's nonstandard. And the superflous *1.0
will be optimized away by any compiler that does not honor
signaling nans.

Some code assumed ldexp(x, 1) is faster than 2.0*x,
but ldexp is a wrapper around scalbn which uses
multiplications inside, so this optimization is
wrong.

This commit also fixes fmal which accidentally
used ldexp instead of ldexpl loosing precision.

There are various additional changes from the
work-in-progress const cleanups.

Some long double consts were stored in two doubles as a workaround
for x86_64 and i386 with the following comment:
/* Long double constants are slow on these arches, and broken on i386. */
This is most likely old gcc bug related to the default x87 fpu
precision setting (it's double instead of double extended on BSD).