POSIX defines getdate error #5 as:
"An I/O error is encountered while reading the template file."

POSIX defines getdate error #7 as:
"There is no line in the template that matches the input."

This change correctly disambiguates between the two error conditions.

Per 1003.1-2008 (2016 ed.), catopen must set errno on failure.

We set errno to EOPNOTSUPP because musl does not currently support
message catalogues.

the check to prevent matching empty string wrongly blocked matching
of "/" due to checking emptiness after stripping leading slashes
rather than checking the full original argument string.

simplified from patch by Julien Ramseier.

when using the sh4a opcodes, the assembler tags the resulting object
file as requiring sh4a. the linker then refuses to (static) link it
with object files marked as requiring j2, since there is no isa level
that includes both sh4a and j2 instructions.

Make a fast path for ascii chars which is assumed to be the most common
case. This has significant performance benefit on xml json and similar

at one point, clang reportedly failed to support the asm register
constraints needed for inline syscalls. versions of clang that old
have much bigger problems that preclude using them to compile musl
libc.

mips64 requires 'struct stat' conversion due to incorrect 32-bit
fields where time_t should be in the kernel version of the structure.
syscall_arch.h already performed the correct translation for stat,
fstat, and lstat syscalls, but omitted special handling for fstatat.

The flags argument was missing, causing uninitalized data to be passed
to fchownat(2). The correct value of flags should match the fallback for
chown(3).

there was missing reverse-conversion logic for the case, handled
specially in the character set tables, where a byte represents a
unicode codepoint with the same value.

this patch adds code to handle the case, and refactors the two-level
10-bit table lookup for legacy character sets into a function to avoid
repeating it yet another time as part of the fix.

per POSIX, EINVAL is not a mandatory error, only an optional one. but
reporting unsupported flags allows an application to fallback
gracefully when a requested feature is not supported. this is not
helpful now, but it may be in the future if additional flags are
added.

had this checking been present before, applications would have been
able to check for the newly-added POSIX_SPAWN_SETSID feature (added in
commit bb439bb1) at runtime.

the bit is reserved anyway for ABI-compat reasons; this documents it
and makes it so we can have posix_spawnattr_setflags check for flag
validity without hard-coding an anonymous bit value.

This structure was missed when creating the s390x port.

This is based on the report and patch from William Pitcock, but with a
modified structure defintion to more closely match the kernel's
definition.

this functionality has been adopted for inclusion in the next issue of
POSIX as the result of Austin Group issue #1044.

based on patch by Daurnimator.

the code being removed was written to optimize for size assuming the
compiler cannot collapse code paths for different types with the same
underlying representation. modern compilers sometimes succeed in
making this optimization themselves, but either way it's a small size
difference and not worth the source-level complexity or the UB
involved in this hack.

some incorrect use of va_arg still remains, particularly use of void *
where the actual argument has a different pointer type. fixing this
requires some actual code additions, rather than just removing cruft,
so I'm leaving it to be done later as a separate commit.

commit 0a950dcf added checking that
the pathname a tty device was opened with actually matches the device,
which can fail to hold when a container inherits a tty from outside
the container. the error code added at the time was ENOENT; however,
discussions between affected applications and glibc developers
resulted in glibc adopting ENODEV as the error for this condition, and
this has now been documented in the man pages project as well. adopt
the same error code for consistency.

patch by Christian Brauner.

commit d6cb08bc moved the code and
introduced an incorrect string offset for the new parsing, probably
due to a copy-and-paste error.

patch by Stefan Sedich.

in nearest rounding mode scalbn could introduce double rounding error
when an intermediate value and the final result were both in the
subnormal range e.g.

  scalbn(0x1.7ffffffffffffp-1, -1073)

returned 0x1p-1073 instead of 0x1p-1074, because the intermediate
computation got rounded to 0x1.8p-1023.

with the fix an intermediate value can only be in the subnormal range
if the final result is 0 which is correct even after double rounding.
(there still can be two roundings so signals may be raised twice, but
that's only observable with trapping exceptions which is not supported.)

normally 32-bit archs use the mmap2 syscall and are limited to an
offset of 2^32 pages. however some 32-bit archs (mainly ILP32-on-64
ones like x32) have 64-bit syscall argument slots and thus can accept
the full range. don't artifically limit them.

analogous to commit 5bf7eba2, use of
AT_PHDR/PT_PHDR does not actually work to find the program base, and
the method with _DYNAMIC vs PT_DYNAMIC must be used as an alternative.

patch by Shiz, along with testing to confirm that this fixes unwinding
in static PIE.

due to testing buf[i].family==AF_INET before checking i==cnt, it was
possible to read past the end of the array, or past the valid part. in
practice, without active bounds/indeterminate-value checking by the
compiler, the worst that happened was failure to return early and
optimize out the sorting that's unneeded for v4-only results.

returning on i==cnt-1 rather than i==cnt would be an alternate fix,
but the approach this patch takes is more idiomatic and less
error-prone.

patch by Timo Teräs.

this should increase performance and reduce code size on aarch64.

the compiled code was checked against using __builtin_* instead
of inline asm with gcc-6.2.0.

lrint is two instructions.

c with inline asm is used because it is safer than a pure asm
implementation, this prevents ll{rint,round} to be an alias
of l{rint,round} (because the types don't match) and depends
on gcc style inline asm support.

ceil, floor, round, trunc can either raise inexact on finite
non-integer inputs or not raise any exceptions. the new
implementation does not raise exceptions while the generic
c code does.

on aarch64, the underflow exception is signaled before rounding
(ieee 754 allows both before and after rounding, but it must be
consistent), the generic fma c code signals it after rounding
so using single instruction fixes a slight conformance issue too.

in this case, a potentially-uninitialized or unrelated existing value
in tm_year was being used. instead use 0 if %y was not present.

string pointer was not advanced after matching.

tm_yday range is 0-365 while %j is 1-366

With REG_NEWLINE, POSIX says:
"A <newline> in string shall not be matched by a period outside
a bracket expression or by any form of a non-matching list"

the old limit was one byte too short to support locale names of the
form xx_XX.UTF-8@modifier where modifier is more than 3 bytes, a form
which various real-world locale names take. the problem could be
avoided by omitting the useless ".UTF-8" part, but users may need to
have it present when operating on mixed-libc systems or when it will
be carried over (e.g. across ssh) to other systems.

the new limit is chosen sufficient for existing/reasonable locale
names while still keeping the size of setlocale's static buffer small.

also add locale_impl.h to the Makefile's list of headers which force
rebuild of source files, to prevent dangerously inconsistent object
files from getting used after this change.

often translations will be named only by language, whereas locale
names may also include a territory code, modifier, and codeset
portion. previously, only translations exactly matching the locale
name were loaded. this was a major usability issue, requiring
workarounds like symlinks or tweaking of the locale name.

with these changes, gettext now searches for translations by first
removing the codeset portion of the locale name, then trying the
remainder in full, with modifier (@mod) removed, with territory code
(_XX) removed, and with both removed.

part of the reason gettext lacked support for searching fallbacks
before is that the candidate pathname for a translation file was
constructed on each call and used as the key to lookup an
already-mapped translation file. this was very costly/inefficient. we
now use the tuple of textdomain binding pointer, locale map pointer,
and integer category id as the key for looking up a translation file
mapping.

based on patch by He X.

when called for LC_ALL, setlocale has to return a string representing
the state of all locale categories. the simplest way to do this was to
always return a delimited list of values for each category, but that's
not friendly in the fairly common case where all categories have the
same setting. He X proposed a patch to check for this case and return
a single name; this patch is a simplified approach to do the same.

commit 4ff234f6 erroneously changed
the condition for running certain code at dlopen time to check whether
the library was already relocated rather than whether it already had
its deps[] table filled. this was out of concern over whether the code
under the conditional would be idempotent/safe to call on an
already-loaded libraries. however, I missed a consideration in the
opposite direction: if a library was loaded at program startup rather
than dlopen, its deps[] table was not yet allocated/filled, and
load_deps needs to be called at dlopen time in order for dlsym to be
able to perform dependency-order symbol lookups.

in order to avoid wasteful allocation of lazy-binding relocation
tables for libraries which were already loaded and relocated at
startup, the check for !p->relocated is not deleted entirely, but
moved to apply only to allocation of these dables.

the time of day at which daylight time switches over is specified in
local time in the dst state prior to the transition. the code for
handling this wrongly assumed it needed to switch whether dst or
standard offset is applied to the transition time when the dst end
date is before the dst start date (souther hemisphere summer), but in
fact the end transition time should always be adjusted for dst, and
the start transition time should always be adjusted for standard time.

Including sys/procfs.h complains unknown type name 'fpreg_t' in
bits/user.h. fpreg_t in bits/signal.h and elf_fpreg_t in bits/user.h
are practically the same.

per_struct is never used, even conflicts with kernel header
asm/ptrace.h

this change was suggested based on testing done by Timo Teräs almost
two years ago; the branch (and probably call prep overhead) in the
inner loop was found to contribute noticably to total symbol lookup
time. this change will make lookup slightly slower if libraries were
built with only the traditional "sysv" ELF hash table, but based on
how much slower lookup tends to be without the gnu hash table, it
seems reasonable to assume that (1) users building without gnu hash
don't care about dynamic linking performance, and (2) the extra time
spent computing the gnu hash is likely to be dominated by the slowness
of the sysv hash table lookup anyway.

partly following freebsd rev 279491
https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=279491
(musl had some of the fixes before freebsd).

the change should not matter much for j0f, y0f, but it improves
j1f and y1f in [2.5,~3.75] (that is [0x40200000,~0x40700000]).
near roots (e.g. around 3.8317 for j1f) there are still large
ulp errors.

dropped code that tried to raise inexact.

such loading is unsafe, and can happen when programs use their own
logic to locate a .so file then pass the absolute pathname to dlopen,
or if an absolute pathname ends up in DT_NEEDED headers. multiple
loads with only the base name were already precluded, provided libc
was named appropriately, by special-casing standard library names.

one function symbol (in the reserved namespace, but public, since it's
part of the crt1 entry point ABI) and one data symbol are checked.
this way we avoid likely false positives, particularly from libraries
interposing and wrapping functions. there is no hard requirement to
avoid breaking such usage, since trying to run a hook before libc is
even initialized is not a supported usage case, but it's friendlier
not to break things.

if the length of the input was equal to the buffer size (128), a fixed
value of zero was written one byte past the end of the static buffer.

this could only happen if an incomplete auxv was passed into the
program, but it's better to just initialize the data anyway.

the fix in commit c3edc06d for
CVE-2016-8859 used gotos to exit on overflow conditions, but the code
in that error path assumed the buffer pointer was valid or null. thus,
the conditions which previously led to under-allocation and buffer
overflow could instead lead to an invalid pointer being passed to
free.