presently, all archs/ABIs have struct stat matching the kernel
stat[64] type, except mips/mipsn32/mips64 which do conversion hacks in
syscall_arch.h to work around bugs in the kernel type. this patch
completely decouples them and adds a translation step to the success
path of fstatat. at present, this is just a gratuitous copying, but it
opens up multiple possibilities for future support for 64-bit time_t
on 32-bit archs and for cleaned-up/unified ABIs.

for clarity, the mips hacks are not yet removed in this commit, so the
mips kstat structs still correspond to the output of the hacks in
their syscall_arch.h files, not the raw kernel type. a subsequent
commit will fix this.

equivalent logic for fstat+O_PATH fallback and direct use of
stat/lstat syscalls where appropriate is kept, now in the fstatat
function. this change both improves functionality (now, fstatat forms
equivalent to fstat/lstat/stat will work even on kernels too old to
have the at functions) and localizes direct interfacing with the
kernel stat structure to one file.

these were overlooked during review. bits headers are not allowed to
pull in additional headers (note: that rule is currently broken in
other places but just for endian.h). string.h has no place here
anyway, and including bits/alltypes.h without defining macros to
request types from it is a nop.

the "A" constraint is simply for an address expression that's a single
register, but it's not yet supported by clang, and has no advantage
here over just using a register operand for the address. the latter is
actually preferable in the a_cas_p case because it avoids aliasing an
lvalue onto the memory.

most egregious problem was the lack of memory clobber and lack of
volatile asm; this made the atomics memory barriers but not compiler
barriers. use of "+r" rather than "=r" for a clobbered temp was also
wrong, since the initial value is indeterminate.

having "+r"(a0) is redundant with "0"(a0) in syscalls with at least 1
arg, which is arguably a constraint violation (clang treats it as
such), and an invalid input with indeterminate value in the 0-arg
case. use the "=r"(a0) form instead.

this is analogous to commit 918c5fa0
which fixed the corresponding issue for mips n32.

mips n32 has 32-bit long, and generally uses long syscall arguments
and return values, but provides only SYS_lseek, not SYS_llseek. we
have some framework (syscall_arg_t, added for x32) to make syscall
arguments 64-bit in such a setting, but it's not clear whether this
could match the sign-extension semantics needed for 32-bit args to all
the other syscalls, and we don't have any existing mechanism to allow
the return value of syscalls to be something other than long.

instead, just provide a custom mipsn32 version of the lseek function
doing its own syscall asm with 64-bit arguments. as a result of commit
03919b26, stdio will also get the new
code, fixing fseeko/ftello too.

ever since inline syscalls were added for (o32) mips in commit
328810d3, the asm has nonsensically
loaded the syscall number, rather than taking $2 as an input
constraint to let the compiler load it. commit
cfc09b1e improved on this somewhat by
allowing a constant syscall number to propagate into an immediate, but
missed that the whole operation made no sense.

now, only $4, $5, $6, $8, and $9 are potential input-only registers.
$2 is always input and output, and $7 is both when it's an argument,
otherwise output-only. previously, $7 was treated as an input (with a
"1" constraint matching its output position) even when it was not an
input, which was arguably undefined behavior (asm input from
indeterminate value). this is corrected.

this patch is not purely non-functional changes, since before, $8 and
$9 were wrongly in the clobberlist for syscalls with fewer than 5 or 6
arguments. of course it's impossible for syscalls to have different
clobbers depending on their number of arguments. the clobberlist for
the recently-added 5- and 6-argument forms was correct, and for the 0-
to 4-argument forms was erroneously copied from the mips o32 ABI where
the additional arguments had to be passed on the stack.

in making this change, I reviewed the kernel sources, and $8 and $9
are always saved for 64-bit kernels since they're part of the syscall
argument list for n32 and n64 ABIs.

this probably saves a few bytes, avoids duplicating the clunky
lseek/_llseek syscall convention in two places, and sets the stage for
fixing broken seeks on x32 and mipsn32.

these additions were made by scanning git log since the last major
update in commit 1366b3c5.

as before my aim was adding everyone with either substantial code
contributions or a pattern of ongoing simple patch submission; any
omissions are unintentional.

a fully thumb1 build is not supported because some asm files are
incompatible with thumb1, but apparently it works to compile the C
code as thumb1

commit 06fbefd1 caused this regression
but introducing use of the clz instruction, which is not supported in
arm mode prior to v5, and not supported in thumb prior to thumb2
(v6t2). commit 1b9406b0 fixed the
issue only for arm mode pre-v5 but left thumb1 broken.

In the public header, __errno_location is declared with the "const"
attribute, conditional on __GNUC__. Ensure that its internal alias has
the same attributes.

Maintainer's note: This change also fixes a regression in quality of
code generation -- multiple references to errno in a single function
started generating multiple calls again -- introduced by commit
e13063aa.

Commit 3517d74a changed the token in
sys/ioctl.h from 0x01 to 1, so bits/termios.h no longer matches. Revert
the bits/termios.h change to keep the headers in sync.

This reverts commit 9eda4dc6.

The old/new parameters to pthread_sigmask, sigprocmask, and setitimer
are marked restrict, so passing the same address to both is
prohibited. Modify callers of these functions to use a separate object
for each argument.

as reported by Tavian Barnes, a dup2 file action for the internal pipe
fd used by posix_spawn could cause it to remain open after execve and
allow the child to write an artificial error into it, confusing the
parent. POSIX allows internal use of file descriptors by the
implementation, with undefined behavior for poking at them, so this is
not a conformance problem, but it seems preferable to diagnose and
prevent the error when we can do so easily.

catch attempts to apply a dup2 action to the internal pipe fd and
emulate EBADF for it instead.

commit c8b49b2f introduced code that
checked bestsym to determine whether a matching symbol was found, but
bestsym is uninitialized if not. instead use best, consistent with use
in the rest of the function.

simplified from bug report and patch by Cheng Liu.

this was apparently copied from x86_64; it's not part of the kernel
API for riscv64. this change eliminates the need for a
riscv64-specific bits header and lets it use the generic one.

maintainer's note: these are not meaningful/correct/needed and the
clang integrated assembler errors out upon seeing them.

syscall numbers are now synced up across targets (starting from 403 the
numbers are the same on all targets other than an arch specific offset)

IPC syscalls sem*, shm*, msg* got added where they were missing (except
for semop: only semtimedop got added), the new semctl, shmctl, msgctl
imply IPC_64, see

  linux commit 0d6040d4681735dfc47565de288525de405a5c99
  arch: add split IPC system calls where needed

new 64bit time_t syscall variants got added on 32bit targets, see

  linux commit 48166e6ea47d23984f0b481ca199250e1ce0730a
  y2038: add 64-bit time_t syscalls to all 32-bit architectures

new async io syscalls got added, see

  linux commit 2b188cc1bb857a9d4701ae59aa7768b5124e262e
  Add io_uring IO interface

  linux commit edafccee56ff31678a091ddb7219aba9b28bc3cb
  io_uring: add support for pre-mapped user IO buffers

a new syscall got added that uses the fd of /proc/<pid> as a stable
handle for processes: allows sending signals without pid reuse issues,
intended to eventually replace rt_sigqueueinfo, kill, tgkill and
rt_tgsigqueueinfo, see

  linux commit 3eb39f47934f9d5a3027fe00d906a45fe3a15fad
  signal: add pidfd_send_signal() syscall

on some targets (arm, m68k, s390x, sh) some previously missing syscall
numbers got added as well.

Linux v5.1 introduced ipc syscalls on targets where previously only
SYS_ipc was available, change the logic such that the ipc code keeps
using SYS_ipc which works backward compatibly on older kernels.

This changes behaviour on microblaze which had both mechanisms, now
SYS_ipc will be used instead of separate syscalls.

the numbers added in

  commit d149e69c
  add io_pgetevents and rseq syscall numbers from linux v4.18

were incorrect.

to request or change pointer auth keys for criu via ptrace, new in

  linux commit d0a060be573bfbf8753a15dca35497db5e968bb0
  arm64: add ptrace regsets for ptrauth key management

RFC 4286: "The IPv4 multicast address for All-Snoopers is 224.0.0.106."
from

  linux commit 4effd28c1245303dce7fd290c501ac2c11052114
  bridge: join all-snoopers multicast address

SO_BINDTOIFINDEX behaves similar to SO_BINDTODEVICE, but takes a
network interface index as argument, rather than the network
interface name. see

  linux commit f5dd3d0c9638a9d9a02b5964c4ad636f06cf7e2c
  net: introduce SO_BINDTOIFINDEX sockopt

the s390x definitions matched the generic ones in sys/socket.h.

restricts router alert packets received by the socket to the
socket's namespace only. see

  linux commit 9036b2fe092a107856edd1a3bad48b83f2b45000
  net: ipv6: add socket option IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT_ISOLATE

allows specifying that the speculative store bypass disable bit should
be cleared on exec. see

  linux commit 71368af9027f18fe5d1c6f372cfdff7e4bde8b48
  x86/speculation: Add PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC

needed for android so it can migrate from its ashmem to memfd.
allows making the memfd readonly for future users while keeping
a writable mmap of it. see

  linux commit ab3948f58ff841e51feb845720624665ef5b7ef3
  mm/memfd: add an F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal to memfd

includes changes from linux v5.1

  linux commit 235328d1fa4251c6dcb32351219bb553a58838d2
  fanotify: add support for create/attrib/move/delete events

  linux commit 5e469c830fdb5a1ebaa69b375b87f583326fd296
  fanotify: copy event fid info to user

  linux commit e9e0c8903009477b630e37a8b6364b26a00720da
  fanotify: encode file identifier for FAN_REPORT_FID

as well as earlier changes that were missed.

sys/statfs.h is included for fsid_t.

synccall may be called by AS-safe functions such as setuid/setgid after
fork. although fork() resets libc.threads_minus_one, causing synccall to
take the single-threaded path, synccall still takes the thread list
lock. This lock may be held by another thread if for example fork()
races with pthread_create(). After fork(), the value of the lock is
meaningless, so clear it.

maintainer's note: commit 8f11e612 and
e4235d70 introduced this regression.
the state protected by this lock is the linked list, which is entirely
replaced in the child path of fork (next=prev=self), so resetting it
is semantically sound.

the linux syscall treats this argument as having type int, so passing
extremely long buffer sizes would be misinterpreted by the kernel.
since "short reads" are always acceptable, just cap it down.

patch based on report and suggested change by Florian Weimer.

after commit a48ccc15 removed the use
of _Noreturn on the stage3_func type (which only worked due to it
being defined to the "GNU C" attribute in C99 mode), GCC could no
longer assume that the ends of __dls2 and __dls2b are unreachable, and
produced a warning that a function marked _Noreturn returns.

also, since commit 4390383b, the
_Noreturn declaration for __libc_start_main in crt1/rcrt1 has been not
only inconsistent with the definition, but wrong. formally,
__libc_start_main does return, via a (hopefully) tail call to a helper
function after the barrier. incorrect usage of _Noreturn in the
declaration was probably formal UB.

the _Noreturn specifiers were not useful in any of these places, so
remove them all. now, the only remaining usage of _Noreturn is in
public interfaces where _Noreturn is part of their contract.