!56 Add sbin/fsck_msdos and sbin/newfs_msdos

Merge pull request !56 from xlfeng/master

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/BUILD.gn

+# Copyright (c) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+# NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import("//build/ohos.gni")
+config("vfat-defaults") {
+  cflags = [
+    "-O2",
+    "-g",
+    "-Wall",
+    "-Werror",
+    "-D_BSD_SOURCE",
+    "-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE",
+    "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
+    "-DELFTC_NEED_BYTEORDER_EXTENSIONS",
+    "-Wno-unused-variable",
+    "-Wno-unused-const-variable",
+    "-Wno-format",
+    "-Wno-sign-compare",
+    "-Wno-implicit-function-declaration",
+    "-Wno-return-type",
+    "-Wno-implicit-int",
+  ]
+  include_dirs = []
+}
+
+###################################################
+##Build fsck_msdos
+ohos_executable("fsck_msdos") {
+  configs = [ ":vfat-defaults" ]
+  sources = [
+    "boot.c",
+    "check.c",
+    "dir.c",
+    "fat.c",
+    "main.c",
+  ]
+
+  include_dirs = [
+    ".",
+    "//third_party/FreeBSD/sys",
+  ]
+
+  deps = []
+  install_enable = true
+  subsystem_name = "filemanagement"
+  part_name = "storage_service"
+  install_images = [ "system" ]
+}

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/Makefile

+#	$NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.6 1997/05/08 21:11:11 gwr Exp $
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+FSCK=	${.CURDIR:H}/fsck
+.PATH: ${FSCK}
+
+PACKAGE=runtime
+PROG=	fsck_msdosfs
+MAN=	fsck_msdosfs.8
+SRCS=	main.c check.c boot.c fat.c dir.c fsutil.c
+
+CFLAGS+= -I${FSCK} -DHAVE_LIBUTIL_H
+LIBADD=	util
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/Makefile.depend

+# $FreeBSD$
+# Autogenerated - do NOT edit!
+
+DIRDEPS = \
+	gnu/lib/csu \
+	include \
+	include/xlocale \
+	lib/${CSU_DIR} \
+	lib/libc \
+	lib/libcompiler_rt \
+
+
+.include <dirdeps.mk>
+
+.if ${DEP_RELDIR} == ${_DEP_RELDIR}
+# local dependencies - needed for -jN in clean tree
+.endif

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/boot.c

+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995, 1997 Wolfgang Solfrank
+ * Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#ifndef lint
+__RCSID("$NetBSD: boot.c,v 1.22 2020/01/11 16:29:07 christos Exp $");
+static const char rcsid[] =
+  "$FreeBSD$";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "ext.h"
+#include "fsutil.h"
+
+int
+readboot(int dosfs, struct bootblock *boot)
+{
+	u_char block[DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE];
+	u_char fsinfo[2 * DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE];
+	int ret = FSOK;
+
+	if ((size_t)read(dosfs, block, sizeof block) != sizeof block) {
+		perr("could not read boot block");
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	if (block[510] != 0x55 || block[511] != 0xaa) {
+		pfatal("Invalid signature in boot block: %02x%02x",
+		    block[511], block[510]);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	memset(boot, 0, sizeof *boot);
+	boot->ValidFat = -1;
+
+	/* Decode BIOS Parameter Block */
+
+	/* Bytes per sector: can only be  512, 1024, 2048 and 4096. */
+	boot->bpbBytesPerSec = block[11] + (block[12] << 8);
+	if (boot->bpbBytesPerSec < DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE_REAL ||
+	    boot->bpbBytesPerSec > DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE ||
+	    !powerof2(boot->bpbBytesPerSec)) {
+		pfatal("Invalid sector size: %u", boot->bpbBytesPerSec);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Sectors per cluster: can only be: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128. */
+	boot->bpbSecPerClust = block[13];
+	if (boot->bpbSecPerClust == 0 || !powerof2(boot->bpbSecPerClust)) {
+		pfatal("Invalid cluster size: %u", boot->bpbSecPerClust);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Reserved sectors: must be non-zero */
+	boot->bpbResSectors = block[14] + (block[15] << 8);
+	if (boot->bpbResSectors < 1) {
+		pfatal("Invalid reserved sectors: %u",
+		    boot->bpbResSectors);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Number of FATs */
+	boot->bpbFATs = block[16];
+	if (boot->bpbFATs == 0) {
+		pfatal("Invalid number of FATs: %u", boot->bpbFATs);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Root directory entries for FAT12 and FAT16 */
+	boot->bpbRootDirEnts = block[17] + (block[18] << 8);
+	if (!boot->bpbRootDirEnts) {
+		/* bpbRootDirEnts = 0 suggests that we are FAT32 */
+		boot->flags |= FAT32;
+	}
+
+	/* Total sectors (16 bits) */
+	boot->bpbSectors = block[19] + (block[20] << 8);
+	if (boot->bpbSectors != 0 && (boot->flags & FAT32)) {
+		pfatal("Invalid 16-bit total sector count on FAT32: %u",
+		    boot->bpbSectors);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Media type: ignored */
+	boot->bpbMedia = block[21];
+
+	/* FAT12/FAT16: 16-bit count of sectors per FAT */
+	boot->bpbFATsmall = block[22] + (block[23] << 8);
+	if (boot->bpbFATsmall != 0 && (boot->flags & FAT32)) {
+		pfatal("Invalid 16-bit FAT sector count on FAT32: %u",
+		    boot->bpbFATsmall);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Legacy CHS geometry numbers: ignored */
+	boot->SecPerTrack = block[24] + (block[25] << 8);
+	boot->bpbHeads = block[26] + (block[27] << 8);
+
+	/* Hidden sectors: ignored */
+	boot->bpbHiddenSecs = block[28] + (block[29] << 8) +
+	    (block[30] << 16) + (block[31] << 24);
+
+	/* Total sectors (32 bits) */
+	boot->bpbHugeSectors = block[32] + (block[33] << 8) +
+	    (block[34] << 16) + (block[35] << 24);
+	if (boot->bpbHugeSectors == 0) {
+		if (boot->flags & FAT32) {
+			pfatal("FAT32 with sector count of zero");
+			return FSFATAL;
+		} else if (boot->bpbSectors == 0) {
+			pfatal("FAT with sector count of zero");
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+		boot->NumSectors = boot->bpbSectors;
+	} else {
+		if (boot->bpbSectors != 0) {
+			pfatal("Invalid FAT sector count");
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+		boot->NumSectors = boot->bpbHugeSectors;
+	}
+
+	if (boot->flags & FAT32) {
+		/* If the OEM Name field is EXFAT, it's not FAT32, so bail */
+		if (!memcmp(&block[3], "EXFAT   ", 8)) {
+			pfatal("exFAT filesystem is not supported.");
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+
+		/* 32-bit count of sectors per FAT */
+		boot->FATsecs = block[36] + (block[37] << 8)
+				+ (block[38] << 16) + (block[39] << 24);
+
+		if (block[40] & 0x80)
+			boot->ValidFat = block[40] & 0x0f;
+
+		/* FAT32 version, bail out if not 0.0 */
+		if (block[42] || block[43]) {
+			pfatal("Unknown file system version: %x.%x",
+			       block[43], block[42]);
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Cluster number of the first cluster of root directory.
+		 *
+		 * Should be 2 but do not require it.
+		 */
+		boot->bpbRootClust = block[44] + (block[45] << 8)
+			       + (block[46] << 16) + (block[47] << 24);
+
+		/* Sector number of the FSInfo structure, usually 1 */
+		boot->bpbFSInfo = block[48] + (block[49] << 8);
+
+		/* Sector number of the backup boot block, ignored */
+		boot->bpbBackup = block[50] + (block[51] << 8);
+
+		/* Check basic parameters */
+		if (boot->bpbFSInfo == 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Either the BIOS Parameter Block has been corrupted,
+			 * or this is not a FAT32 filesystem, most likely an
+			 * exFAT filesystem.
+			 */
+			pfatal("Invalid FAT32 Extended BIOS Parameter Block");
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+
+		/* Read in and verify the FSInfo block */
+		if (lseek(dosfs, boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec,
+		    SEEK_SET) != boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec
+		    || read(dosfs, fsinfo, sizeof fsinfo) != sizeof fsinfo) {
+			perr("could not read fsinfo block");
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+		if (memcmp(fsinfo, "RRaA", 4)
+		    || memcmp(fsinfo + 0x1e4, "rrAa", 4)
+		    || fsinfo[0x1fc]
+		    || fsinfo[0x1fd]
+		    || fsinfo[0x1fe] != 0x55
+		    || fsinfo[0x1ff] != 0xaa
+		    || fsinfo[0x3fc]
+		    || fsinfo[0x3fd]
+		    || fsinfo[0x3fe] != 0x55
+		    || fsinfo[0x3ff] != 0xaa) {
+			pwarn("Invalid signature in fsinfo block\n");
+			if (ask(0, "Fix")) {
+				memcpy(fsinfo, "RRaA", 4);
+				memcpy(fsinfo + 0x1e4, "rrAa", 4);
+				fsinfo[0x1fc] = fsinfo[0x1fd] = 0;
+				fsinfo[0x1fe] = 0x55;
+				fsinfo[0x1ff] = 0xaa;
+				fsinfo[0x3fc] = fsinfo[0x3fd] = 0;
+				fsinfo[0x3fe] = 0x55;
+				fsinfo[0x3ff] = 0xaa;
+				if (lseek(dosfs, boot->bpbFSInfo *
+				    boot->bpbBytesPerSec, SEEK_SET)
+				    != boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec
+				    || write(dosfs, fsinfo, sizeof fsinfo)
+				    != sizeof fsinfo) {
+					perr("Unable to write bpbFSInfo");
+					return FSFATAL;
+				}
+				ret = FSBOOTMOD;
+			} else
+				boot->bpbFSInfo = 0;
+		} else {
+			/* We appear to have a valid FSInfo block, decode */
+			boot->FSFree = fsinfo[0x1e8] + (fsinfo[0x1e9] << 8)
+				       + (fsinfo[0x1ea] << 16)
+				       + (fsinfo[0x1eb] << 24);
+			boot->FSNext = fsinfo[0x1ec] + (fsinfo[0x1ed] << 8)
+				       + (fsinfo[0x1ee] << 16)
+				       + (fsinfo[0x1ef] << 24);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* !FAT32: FAT12/FAT16 */
+		boot->FATsecs = boot->bpbFATsmall;
+	}
+
+	if (boot->FATsecs < 1 || boot->FATsecs > UINT32_MAX / boot->bpbFATs) {
+		pfatal("Invalid FATs(%u) with FATsecs(%zu)",
+			boot->bpbFATs, (size_t)boot->FATsecs);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	boot->FirstCluster = (boot->bpbRootDirEnts * 32 +
+	    boot->bpbBytesPerSec - 1) / boot->bpbBytesPerSec +
+	    boot->bpbResSectors + boot->bpbFATs * boot->FATsecs;
+
+	if (boot->FirstCluster + boot->bpbSecPerClust > boot->NumSectors) {
+		pfatal("Cluster offset too large (%u clusters)\n",
+		    boot->FirstCluster);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The number of clusters is derived from available data sectors,
+	 * divided by sectors per cluster.
+	 */
+	boot->NumClusters =
+	    (boot->NumSectors - boot->FirstCluster) / boot->bpbSecPerClust;
+
+	if (boot->flags & FAT32) {
+		if (boot->NumClusters > (CLUST_RSRVD & CLUST32_MASK)) {
+			pfatal("Filesystem too big (%u clusters) for FAT32 partition",
+			    boot->NumClusters);
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+		if (boot->NumClusters < (CLUST_RSRVD & CLUST16_MASK)) {
+			pfatal("Filesystem too small (%u clusters) for FAT32 partition",
+			    boot->NumClusters);
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+		boot->ClustMask = CLUST32_MASK;
+
+		if (boot->bpbRootClust < CLUST_FIRST ||
+		    boot->bpbRootClust >= boot->NumClusters) {
+			pfatal("Root directory starts with cluster out of range(%u)",
+			       boot->bpbRootClust);
+			return FSFATAL;
+		}
+	} else if (boot->NumClusters < (CLUST_RSRVD&CLUST12_MASK)) {
+		boot->ClustMask = CLUST12_MASK;
+	} else if (boot->NumClusters < (CLUST_RSRVD&CLUST16_MASK)) {
+		boot->ClustMask = CLUST16_MASK;
+	} else {
+		pfatal("Filesystem too big (%u clusters) for non-FAT32 partition",
+		       boot->NumClusters);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	switch (boot->ClustMask) {
+	case CLUST32_MASK:
+		boot->NumFatEntries = (boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec) / 4;
+		break;
+	case CLUST16_MASK:
+		boot->NumFatEntries = (boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec) / 2;
+		break;
+	default:
+		boot->NumFatEntries = (boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec * 2) / 3;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (boot->NumFatEntries < boot->NumClusters) {
+		pfatal("FAT size too small, %u entries won't fit into %u sectors\n",
+		       boot->NumClusters, boot->FATsecs);
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * There are two reserved clusters. To avoid adding CLUST_FIRST every
+	 * time we perform boundary checks, we increment the NumClusters by 2,
+	 * which is CLUST_FIRST to denote the first out-of-range cluster number.
+	 */
+	boot->NumClusters += CLUST_FIRST;
+
+	boot->ClusterSize = boot->bpbBytesPerSec * boot->bpbSecPerClust;
+
+	boot->NumFiles = 1;
+	boot->NumFree = 0;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int
+writefsinfo(int dosfs, struct bootblock *boot)
+{
+	u_char fsinfo[2 * DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE];
+
+	if (lseek(dosfs, boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec, SEEK_SET)
+	    != boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec
+	    || read(dosfs, fsinfo, sizeof fsinfo) != sizeof fsinfo) {
+		perr("could not read fsinfo block");
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+	fsinfo[0x1e8] = (u_char)boot->FSFree;
+	fsinfo[0x1e9] = (u_char)(boot->FSFree >> 8);
+	fsinfo[0x1ea] = (u_char)(boot->FSFree >> 16);
+	fsinfo[0x1eb] = (u_char)(boot->FSFree >> 24);
+	fsinfo[0x1ec] = (u_char)boot->FSNext;
+	fsinfo[0x1ed] = (u_char)(boot->FSNext >> 8);
+	fsinfo[0x1ee] = (u_char)(boot->FSNext >> 16);
+	fsinfo[0x1ef] = (u_char)(boot->FSNext >> 24);
+	if (lseek(dosfs, boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec, SEEK_SET)
+	    != boot->bpbFSInfo * boot->bpbBytesPerSec
+	    || write(dosfs, fsinfo, sizeof fsinfo)
+	    != sizeof fsinfo) {
+		perr("Unable to write bpbFSInfo");
+		return FSFATAL;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Technically, we should return FSBOOTMOD here.
+	 *
+	 * However, since Win95 OSR2 (the first M$ OS that has
+	 * support for FAT32) doesn't maintain the FSINFO block
+	 * correctly, it has to be fixed pretty often.
+	 *
+	 * Therefore, we handle the FSINFO block only informally,
+	 * fixing it if necessary, but otherwise ignoring the
+	 * fact that it was incorrect.
+	 */
+	return 0;
+}

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/check.c

+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Wolfgang Solfrank
+ * Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#ifndef lint
+__RCSID("$NetBSD: check.c,v 1.14 2006/06/05 16:51:18 christos Exp $");
+static const char rcsid[] =
+  "$FreeBSD$";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUTIL_H
+#include <libutil.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "ext.h"
+#include "fsutil.h"
+
+int
+checkfilesys(const char *fname)
+{
+	int dosfs;
+	struct bootblock boot;
+	struct fat_descriptor *fat = NULL;
+	int finish_dosdirsection=0;
+	int mod = 0;
+	int ret = 8;
+	int64_t freebytes;
+	int64_t badbytes;
+
+	rdonly = alwaysno;
+	if (!preen)
+		printf("** %s", fname);
+
+	dosfs = open(fname, rdonly ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, 0);
+	if (dosfs < 0 && !rdonly) {
+		dosfs = open(fname, O_RDONLY, 0);
+		if (dosfs >= 0)
+			pwarn(" (NO WRITE)\n");
+		else if (!preen)
+			printf("\n");
+		rdonly = 1;
+	} else if (!preen)
+		printf("\n");
+
+	if (dosfs < 0) {
+		perr("Can't open `%s'", fname);
+		printf("\n");
+		return 8;
+	}
+
+	if (readboot(dosfs, &boot) == FSFATAL) {
+		close(dosfs);
+		printf("\n");
+		return 8;
+	}
+
+	if (skipclean && preen && checkdirty(dosfs, &boot)) {
+		printf("%s: ", fname);
+		printf("FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS\n");
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!preen)  {
+		printf("** Phase 1 - Read FAT and checking connectivity\n");
+	}
+
+	mod |= readfat(dosfs, &boot, &fat);
+	if (mod & FSFATAL) {
+		close(dosfs);
+		return 8;
+	}
+
+	if (!preen)
+		printf("** Phase 2 - Checking Directories\n");
+
+	mod |= resetDosDirSection(fat);
+	finish_dosdirsection = 1;
+	if (mod & FSFATAL)
+		goto out;
+	/* delay writing FATs */
+
+	mod |= handleDirTree(fat);
+	if (mod & FSFATAL)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!preen)
+		printf("** Phase 3 - Checking for Lost Files\n");
+
+	mod |= checklost(fat);
+	if (mod & FSFATAL)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* now write the FATs */
+	if (mod & FSFATMOD) {
+		if (ask(1, "Update FATs")) {
+			mod |= writefat(fat);
+			if (mod & FSFATAL)
+				goto out;
+		} else
+			mod |= FSERROR;
+	}
+
+	freebytes = (int64_t)boot.NumFree * boot.ClusterSize;
+	badbytes = (int64_t)boot.NumBad * boot.ClusterSize;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUTIL_H
+	char freestr[7], badstr[7];
+
+	humanize_number(freestr, sizeof(freestr), freebytes, "",
+	    HN_AUTOSCALE, HN_DECIMAL | HN_IEC_PREFIXES);
+	if (boot.NumBad) {
+		humanize_number(badstr, sizeof(badstr), badbytes, "",
+		    HN_AUTOSCALE, HN_B | HN_DECIMAL | HN_IEC_PREFIXES);
+
+		pwarn("%d files, %sB free (%d clusters), %sB bad (%d clusters)\n",
+		      boot.NumFiles, freestr, boot.NumFree,
+		      badstr, boot.NumBad);
+	} else {
+		pwarn("%d files, %sB free (%d clusters)\n",
+		      boot.NumFiles, freestr, boot.NumFree);
+	}
+#else
+	if (boot.NumBad)
+		pwarn("%d files, %jd KiB free (%d clusters), %jd KiB bad (%d clusters)\n",
+		      boot.NumFiles, (intmax_t)freebytes / 1024, boot.NumFree,
+		      (intmax_t)badbytes / 1024, boot.NumBad);
+	else
+		pwarn("%d files, %jd KiB free (%d clusters)\n",
+		      boot.NumFiles, (intmax_t)freebytes / 1024, boot.NumFree);
+#endif
+
+	if (mod && (mod & FSERROR) == 0) {
+		if (mod & FSDIRTY) {
+			if (ask(1, "MARK FILE SYSTEM CLEAN") == 0)
+				mod &= ~FSDIRTY;
+
+			if (mod & FSDIRTY) {
+				pwarn("MARKING FILE SYSTEM CLEAN\n");
+				mod |= cleardirty(fat);
+			} else {
+				pwarn("\n***** FILE SYSTEM IS LEFT MARKED AS DIRTY *****\n");
+				mod |= FSERROR; /* file system not clean */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (mod & (FSFATAL | FSERROR))
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+    out:
+	if (finish_dosdirsection)
+		finishDosDirSection();
+	free(fat);
+	close(dosfs);
+
+	if (mod & (FSFATMOD|FSDIRMOD))
+		pwarn("\n***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****\n");
+
+	return ret;
+}

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/dosfs.h

+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Wolfgang Solfrank
+ * Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
+ * Some structure declaration borrowed from Paul Popelka
+ * (paulp@uts.amdahl.com), see /sys/msdosfs/ for reference.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *	$NetBSD: dosfs.h,v 1.4 1997/01/03 14:32:48 ws Exp $
+ * $FreeBSD$
+ */
+
+#ifndef DOSFS_H
+#define DOSFS_H
+
+/* support 4Kn disk reads */
+#define DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE_REAL 512
+#define DOSBOOTBLOCKSIZE 4096
+
+typedef	u_int32_t	cl_t;	/* type holding a cluster number */
+
+/*
+ * architecture independent description of all the info stored in a
+ * FAT boot block.
+ */
+struct bootblock {
+	u_int	bpbBytesPerSec;		/* bytes per sector */
+	u_int	bpbSecPerClust;		/* sectors per cluster */
+	u_int	bpbResSectors;		/* number of reserved sectors */
+	u_int	bpbFATs;		/* number of bpbFATs */
+	u_int	bpbRootDirEnts;		/* number of root directory entries */
+	u_int32_t bpbSectors;		/* total number of sectors */
+	u_int	bpbMedia;		/* media descriptor */
+	u_int	bpbFATsmall;		/* number of sectors per FAT */
+	u_int	SecPerTrack;		/* sectors per track */
+	u_int	bpbHeads;		/* number of heads */
+	u_int32_t bpbHiddenSecs;	/* # of hidden sectors */
+	u_int32_t bpbHugeSectors;	/* # of sectors if bpbbpbSectors == 0 */
+	cl_t	bpbRootClust;		/* Start of Root Directory */
+	u_int	bpbFSInfo;		/* FSInfo sector */
+	u_int	bpbBackup;		/* Backup of Bootblocks */
+	cl_t	FSFree;			/* Number of free clusters acc. FSInfo */
+	cl_t	FSNext;			/* Next free cluster acc. FSInfo */
+
+	/* and some more calculated values */
+	u_int	flags;			/* some flags: */
+#define	FAT32		1		/* this is a FAT32 file system */
+					/*
+					 * Maybe, we should separate out
+					 * various parts of FAT32?	XXX
+					 */
+	int	ValidFat;		/* valid fat if FAT32 non-mirrored */
+	cl_t	ClustMask;		/* mask for entries in FAT */
+	cl_t	NumClusters;		/* # of entries in a FAT */
+	u_int32_t NumSectors;		/* how many sectors are there */
+	u_int32_t FATsecs;		/* how many sectors are in FAT */
+	u_int32_t NumFatEntries;	/* how many entries really are there */
+	u_int	FirstCluster;		/* at what sector is Cluster CLUST_FIRST */
+	u_int	ClusterSize;		/* Cluster size in bytes */
+
+	/* Now some statistics: */
+	u_int	NumFiles;		/* # of plain files */
+	u_int	NumFree;		/* # of free clusters */
+	u_int	NumBad;			/* # of bad clusters */
+};
+
+#define	CLUST_FREE	0		/* 0 means cluster is free */
+#define	CLUST_FIRST	2		/* 2 is the minimum valid cluster number */
+#define	CLUST_RSRVD	0xfffffff6	/* start of reserved clusters */
+#define	CLUST_BAD	0xfffffff7	/* a cluster with a defect */
+#define	CLUST_EOFS	0xfffffff8	/* start of EOF indicators */
+#define	CLUST_EOF	0xffffffff	/* standard value for last cluster */
+#define	CLUST_DEAD	0xfdeadc0d	/* error encountered */
+
+/*
+ * Masks for cluster values
+ */
+#define	CLUST12_MASK	0xfff
+#define	CLUST16_MASK	0xffff
+#define	CLUST32_MASK	0xfffffff
+
+#define	DOSLONGNAMELEN	256		/* long name maximal length */
+#define LRFIRST		0x40		/* first long name record */
+#define	LRNOMASK	0x1f		/* mask to extract long record
+					 * sequence number */
+
+/*
+ * Architecture independent description of a directory entry
+ */
+struct dosDirEntry {
+	struct dosDirEntry
+		*parent,		/* previous tree level */
+		*next,			/* next brother */
+		*child;			/* if this is a directory */
+	char name[8+1+3+1];		/* alias name first part */
+	char lname[DOSLONGNAMELEN];	/* real name */
+	uint flags;			/* attributes */
+	cl_t head;			/* cluster no */
+	u_int32_t size;			/* filesize in bytes */
+	uint fsckflags;			/* flags during fsck */
+};
+/* Flags in fsckflags: */
+#define	DIREMPTY	1
+#define	DIREMPWARN	2
+
+/*
+ *  TODO-list of unread directories
+ */
+struct dirTodoNode {
+	struct dosDirEntry *dir;
+	struct dirTodoNode *next;
+};
+
+#endif

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/ext.h

+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Wolfgang Solfrank
+ * Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *	$NetBSD: ext.h,v 1.6 2000/04/25 23:02:51 jdolecek Exp $
+ * $FreeBSD$
+ */
+
+#ifndef EXT_H
+#define	EXT_H
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "dosfs.h"
+
+#define	LOSTDIR	"LOST.DIR"
+
+/*
+ * Options:
+ */
+extern int alwaysno;	/* assume "no" for all questions */
+extern int alwaysyes;	/* assume "yes" for all questions */
+extern int preen;	/* we are preening */
+extern int rdonly;	/* device is opened read only (supersedes above) */
+extern int skipclean;	/* skip clean file systems if preening */
+extern int allow_mmap;  /* allow the use of mmap() */
+
+/*
+ * function declarations
+ */
+int ask(int, const char *, ...) __printflike(2, 3);
+
+/*
+ * Check the dirty flag.  If the file system is clean, then return 1.
+ * Otherwise, return 0 (this includes the case of FAT12 file systems --
+ * they have no dirty flag, so they must be assumed to be unclean).
+ */
+int checkdirty(int, struct bootblock *);
+
+/*
+ * Check file system given as arg
+ */
+int checkfilesys(const char *);
+
+/*
+ * Return values of various functions
+ */
+#define	FSOK		0		/* Check was OK */
+#define	FSBOOTMOD	1		/* Boot block was modified */
+#define	FSDIRMOD	2		/* Some directory was modified */
+#define	FSFATMOD	4		/* The FAT was modified */
+#define	FSERROR		8		/* Some unrecovered error remains */
+#define	FSFATAL		16		/* Some unrecoverable error occurred */
+#define	FSDIRTY		32		/* File system is dirty */
+
+/*
+ * read a boot block in a machine independent fashion and translate
+ * it into our struct bootblock.
+ */
+int readboot(int, struct bootblock *);
+
+/*
+ * Correct the FSInfo block.
+ */
+int writefsinfo(int, struct bootblock *);
+
+/* Opaque type */
+struct fat_descriptor;
+
+int cleardirty(struct fat_descriptor *);
+
+void fat_clear_cl_head(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t);
+bool fat_is_cl_head(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t);
+
+cl_t fat_get_cl_next(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t);
+
+int fat_set_cl_next(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t, cl_t);
+
+cl_t fat_allocate_cluster(struct fat_descriptor *fat);
+
+struct bootblock* fat_get_boot(struct fat_descriptor *);
+int fat_get_fd(struct fat_descriptor *);
+bool fat_is_valid_cl(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t);
+
+/*
+ * Read the FAT 0 and return a pointer to the newly allocated
+ * descriptor of it.
+ */
+int readfat(int, struct bootblock *, struct fat_descriptor **);
+
+/*
+ * Write back FAT entries
+ */
+int writefat(struct fat_descriptor *);
+
+/*
+ * Read a directory
+ */
+int resetDosDirSection(struct fat_descriptor *);
+void finishDosDirSection(void);
+int handleDirTree(struct fat_descriptor *);
+
+/*
+ * Cross-check routines run after everything is completely in memory
+ */
+int checkchain(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t, size_t *);
+
+/*
+ * Check for lost cluster chains
+ */
+int checklost(struct fat_descriptor *);
+/*
+ * Try to reconnect a lost cluster chain
+ */
+int reconnect(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t, size_t);
+void finishlf(void);
+
+/*
+ * Small helper functions
+ */
+/*
+ * Return the type of a reserved cluster as text
+ */
+const char *rsrvdcltype(cl_t);
+
+/*
+ * Clear a cluster chain in a FAT
+ */
+void clearchain(struct fat_descriptor *, cl_t);
+
+#endif

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/fsck_msdosfs.8

+.\"	$NetBSD: fsck_msdos.8,v 1.9 1997/10/17 11:19:58 ws Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (C) 1995 Wolfgang Solfrank
+.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.\"
+.Dd January 6, 2020
+.Dt FSCK_MSDOSFS 8
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm fsck_msdosfs
+.Nd DOS/Windows (FAT) file system consistency checker
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Fl p
+.Op Fl Cf
+.Ar filesystem ...
+.Nm
+.Op Fl CMny
+.Ar filesystem ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+utility verifies and repairs
+.Tn FAT
+file systems (more commonly known
+as
+.Tn DOS
+file systems).
+.Pp
+The first form of
+.Nm
+preens the specified file systems.
+It is normally started by
+.Xr fsck 8
+run from
+.Pa /etc/rc
+during automatic reboot, when a FAT file system is detected.
+When preening file systems,
+.Nm
+will fix common inconsistencies non-interactively.
+If more serious problems are found,
+.Nm
+does not try to fix them, indicates that it was not
+successful, and exits.
+.Pp
+The second form of
+.Nm
+checks the specified file systems and tries to repair all
+detected inconsistencies, requesting confirmation before
+making any changes.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl C
+Compatibility with the corresponding
+.Xr fsck 8
+option (skip check if clean), defined to no-op.
+.It Fl F
+Compatibility with the wrapper
+.Xr fsck 8
+which seeks to determine whether the file system needs to be cleaned
+immediately in foreground, or if its cleaning can be deferred to background.
+FAT (MS-DOS) file systems must always be cleaned in the foreground.
+A non-zero exit code is always returned for this option.
+.It Fl M
+Causes
+.Nm
+to not use
+.Xr mmap 2
+when checking a FAT32 file system.
+This option is mainly for debugging purposes and is not normally necessary.
+The
+.Nm
+utility will automatically fall back to use a simple LRU cache of 4 MiB
+when it failed to perform
+.Xr mmap 2 ,
+or when
+.Fl M
+is specified.
+.It Fl f
+Force
+.Nm
+to check
+.Dq clean
+file systems when preening.
+.It Fl n
+Causes
+.Nm
+to assume
+.Dq Li no
+as the answer to all operator
+questions, except
+.Dq Li CONTINUE? .
+.It Fl p
+Preen the specified file systems.
+.It Fl y
+Causes
+.Nm
+to assume
+.Dq Li yes
+as the answer to all operator questions.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr fsck 8 ,
+.Xr fsck_ffs 8 ,
+.Xr mount_msdosfs 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+utility appeared in
+.Nx 1.2 .
+.Nm
+first appeared in
+.Fx 4.4 .
+.Sh BUGS
+The
+.Nm
+utility is
+.Ud

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/fsutil.h

+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _FS_UTIL_H
+#define _FS_UTIL_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define pwarn  printf
+#define pfatal printf
+#define perr   printf
+
+
+/*
+ * le16dec(),le32dec(),le16enc(),le32enc()
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/contrib/elftoolchain/libpe/_libpe.h
+ */
+/* Encode/Decode macros */
+#if defined(ELFTC_NEED_BYTEORDER_EXTENSIONS)
+static  __inline uint16_t
+le16dec(const void *pp)
+{
+	unsigned char const *p = (unsigned char const *)pp;
+
+	return ((p[1] << 8) | p[0]);
+}
+
+static __inline uint32_t
+le32dec(const void *pp)
+{
+	unsigned char const *p = (unsigned char const *)pp;
+
+	return ((p[3] << 24) | (p[2] << 16) | (p[1] << 8) | p[0]);
+}
+
+static __inline void
+le16enc(void *pp, uint16_t u)
+{
+	unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)pp;
+
+	p[0] = u & 0xff;
+	p[1] = (u >> 8) & 0xff;
+}
+
+static __inline void
+le32enc(void *pp, uint32_t u)
+{
+	unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)pp;
+
+	p[0] = u & 0xff;
+	p[1] = (u >> 8) & 0xff;
+	p[2] = (u >> 16) & 0xff;
+	p[3] = (u >> 24) & 0xff;
+}
+#endif	/* ELFTC_NEED_BYTEORDER_EXTENSIONS */
+
+/*
+ * roundup2
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/tools/build/cross-build/include/common/sys/cdefs.h
+ */
+#ifndef roundup2
+#define roundup2(x, y) \
+	(((x) + ((y)-1)) & (~((y)-1))) /* if y is powers of two */
+#endif
+#endif // _FS_UTIL_H
\ No newline at end of file

sbin/fsck_msdosfs/main.c

+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1995 Wolfgang Solfrank
+ * Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#ifndef lint
+__RCSID("$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.10 1997/10/01 02:18:14 enami Exp $");
+static const char rcsid[] =
+  "$FreeBSD$";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "fsutil.h"
+#include "ext.h"
+
+int alwaysno;		/* assume "no" for all questions */
+int alwaysyes;		/* assume "yes" for all questions */
+int preen;		/* set when preening */
+int rdonly;		/* device is opened read only (supersedes above) */
+int skipclean;		/* skip clean file systems if preening */
+int allow_mmap;		/* Allow the use of mmap(), if possible */
+
+static void usage(void) __dead2;
+
+static void
+usage(void)
+{
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n",
+	    "usage: fsck_msdosfs -p [-f] filesystem ...",
+	    "       fsck_msdosfs [-ny] filesystem ...");
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int ret = 0, erg;
+	int ch;
+
+	skipclean = 1;
+	allow_mmap = 1;
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "CfFnpyM")) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case 'C': /* for fsck_ffs compatibility */
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			skipclean = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'F':
+			/*
+			 * We can never run in the background.  We must exit
+			 * silently with a nonzero exit code so that fsck(8)
+			 * can probe our support for -F.  The exit code
+			 * doesn't really matter, but we use an unusual one
+			 * in case someone tries -F directly.  The -F flag
+			 * is intentionally left out of the usage message.
+			 */
+			exit(5);
+		case 'n':
+			alwaysno = 1;
+			alwaysyes = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'y':
+			alwaysyes = 1;
+			alwaysno = 0;
+			break;
+
+		case 'p':
+			preen = 1;
+			break;
+
+		case 'M':
+			allow_mmap = 0;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			usage();
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (!argc)
+		usage();
+
+	while (--argc >= 0) {
+		// setcdevname(*argv, preen);
+		erg = checkfilesys(*argv++);
+		if (erg > ret)
+			ret = erg;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*VARARGS*/
+int
+ask(int def, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+
+	char prompt[256];
+	int c;
+
+	if (alwaysyes || alwaysno || rdonly)
+		def = (alwaysyes && !rdonly && !alwaysno);
+
+	if (preen) {
+		if (def)
+			printf("FIXED\n");
+		return def;
+	}
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (alwaysyes || alwaysno || rdonly) {
+		printf("%s? %s\n", prompt, def ? "yes" : "no");
+		return def;
+	}
+	do {
+		printf("%s? [yn] ", prompt);
+		fflush(stdout);
+		c = getchar();
+		while (c != '\n' && getchar() != '\n')
+			if (feof(stdin))
+				return 0;
+	} while (c != 'y' && c != 'Y' && c != 'n' && c != 'N');
+	return c == 'y' || c == 'Y';
+}

sbin/newfs_msdos/BUILD.gn

+# Copyright (c) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+#    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+#    distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
+# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+# OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+# IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import("//build/ohos.gni")
+config("vfat-defaults") {
+  cflags = [
+    "-Wall",
+    "-Werror",
+    "-Wno-unused-function",
+    "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    "-Wno-unused-variable",
+    "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
+    "-D_GNU_SOURCE",
+    "-DSIGINFO=SIGUSR2",
+    "-Dnitems(x)=(sizeof((x))/sizeof((x)[0]))",
+    "-Wno-implicit-function-declaration",
+    "-DMAKEFS",
+    "-D_MACHINE_IOCTL_FD_H_",
+  ]
+  include_dirs = [ "//third_party/FreeBSD/sys" ]
+}
+
+###################################################
+##Build newfs_msdos
+ohos_executable("newfs_msdos") {
+  configs = [ ":vfat-defaults" ]
+  sources = [
+    "mkfs_msdos.c",
+    "newfs_msdos.c",
+  ]
+
+  include_dirs = []
+  install_enable = true
+  deps = []
+  subsystem_name = "filemanagement"
+  part_name = "storage_service"
+  install_images = [ "system" ]
+}

sbin/newfs_msdos/Makefile

+# $FreeBSD$
+
+PACKAGE=runtime
+PROG=	newfs_msdos
+MAN=	newfs_msdos.8
+SRCS=	newfs_msdos.c mkfs_msdos.c
+
+# XXX - this is verboten
+.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "arm"
+WARNS?= 3
+.endif
+CSTD=	c11
+
+.include <bsd.prog.mk>

sbin/newfs_msdos/Makefile.depend

+# $FreeBSD$
+# Autogenerated - do NOT edit!
+
+DIRDEPS = \
+	gnu/lib/csu \
+	include \
+	include/xlocale \
+	lib/${CSU_DIR} \
+	lib/libc \
+	lib/libcompiler_rt \
+
+
+.include <dirdeps.mk>
+
+.if ${DEP_RELDIR} == ${_DEP_RELDIR}
+# local dependencies - needed for -jN in clean tree
+.endif

sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_define.h

+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
+ * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+ * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+ * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MKFS_DEFINE_H
+#define MKFS_DEFINE_H
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/*
+ * BSD_NPARTS_MIN,BSD_NDRIVEDATA,BSD_NSPARE
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/sys/sys/disk/bsd.h
+ */
+#define	BSD_NPARTS_MIN		8
+
+/* Drive-type specific data size (in number of 32-bit inegrals) */
+#define	BSD_NDRIVEDATA		5
+
+/* Number of spare 32-bit integrals following drive-type data */
+#define	BSD_NSPARE		5
+
+/*
+ * MAXPHYS
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/sys/sys/param.h
+ */
+#ifdef __ILP32__
+#define MAXPHYS		(128 * 1024)
+#else
+#define MAXPHYS		(1024 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * DIOCGMEDIASIZE,DIOCGFWSECTORS,DIOCGSECTORSIZE,DIOCGFWHEADS
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/sys/sys/disk.h
+ */
+#define	DIOCGMEDIASIZE	_IOR('d', 129, off_t)	/* Get media size in bytes */
+	/*
+	 * Get the size of the entire device in bytes.  This should be a
+	 * multiple of the sector size.
+	 */
+
+#define	DIOCGFWSECTORS	_IOR('d', 130, u_int)	/* Get firmware's sectorcount */
+	/*
+	 * Get the firmware's notion of number of sectors per track.  This
+	 * value is mostly used for compatibility with various ill designed
+	 * disk label formats.  Don't use it unless you have to.
+	 */
+
+#define	DIOCGSECTORSIZE	_IOR('d', 128, u_int)
+	/*
+	 * Get the sector size of the device in bytes.  The sector size is the
+	 * smallest unit of data which can be transferred from this device.
+	 * Usually this is a power of 2 but it might not be (i.e. CDROM audio).
+	 */
+
+#define	DIOCGFWHEADS	_IOR('d', 131, u_int)	/* Get firmware's headcount */
+	/*
+	 * Get the firmwares notion of number of heads per cylinder.  This
+	 * value is mostly used for compatibility with various ill designed
+	 * disk label formats.  Don't use it unless you have to.
+	 */
+
+/*
+ * FD_GTYPE
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/sys/sys/fdcio.h
+ */
+#ifndef	_MACHINE_IOCTL_FD_H_
+#define FD_GTYPE  _IOR('F', 62, struct fd_type)  /* get drive type */
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * disklabel
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path:  freebsd-src/sys/sys/disk/bsd.h
+ */
+struct disklabel {
+	uint32_t d_magic;		/* the magic number */
+	uint16_t d_type;		/* drive type */
+	uint16_t d_subtype;		/* controller/d_type specific */
+	char	 d_typename[16];	/* type name, e.g. "eagle" */
+
+	char	 d_packname[16];	/* pack identifier */
+
+	/* disk geometry: */
+	uint32_t d_secsize;		/* # of bytes per sector */
+	uint32_t d_nsectors;		/* # of data sectors per track */
+	uint32_t d_ntracks;		/* # of tracks per cylinder */
+	uint32_t d_ncylinders;		/* # of data cylinders per unit */
+	uint32_t d_secpercyl;		/* # of data sectors per cylinder */
+	uint32_t d_secperunit;		/* # of data sectors per unit */
+
+	/*
+	 * Spares (bad sector replacements) below are not counted in
+	 * d_nsectors or d_secpercyl.  Spare sectors are assumed to
+	 * be physical sectors which occupy space at the end of each
+	 * track and/or cylinder.
+	 */
+	uint16_t d_sparespertrack;	/* # of spare sectors per track */
+	uint16_t d_sparespercyl;	/* # of spare sectors per cylinder */
+	/*
+	 * Alternate cylinders include maintenance, replacement, configuration
+	 * description areas, etc.
+	 */
+	uint32_t d_acylinders;		/* # of alt. cylinders per unit */
+
+	/* hardware characteristics: */
+	/*
+	 * d_interleave, d_trackskew and d_cylskew describe perturbations
+	 * in the media format used to compensate for a slow controller.
+	 * Interleave is physical sector interleave, set up by the
+	 * formatter or controller when formatting.  When interleaving is
+	 * in use, logically adjacent sectors are not physically
+	 * contiguous, but instead are separated by some number of
+	 * sectors.  It is specified as the ratio of physical sectors
+	 * traversed per logical sector.  Thus an interleave of 1:1
+	 * implies contiguous layout, while 2:1 implies that logical
+	 * sector 0 is separated by one sector from logical sector 1.
+	 * d_trackskew is the offset of sector 0 on track N relative to
+	 * sector 0 on track N-1 on the same cylinder.  Finally, d_cylskew
+	 * is the offset of sector 0 on cylinder N relative to sector 0
+	 * on cylinder N-1.
+	 */
+	uint16_t d_rpm;			/* rotational speed */
+	uint16_t d_interleave;		/* hardware sector interleave */
+	uint16_t d_trackskew;		/* sector 0 skew, per track */
+	uint16_t d_cylskew;		/* sector 0 skew, per cylinder */
+	uint32_t d_headswitch;		/* head switch time, usec */
+	uint32_t d_trkseek;		/* track-to-track seek, usec */
+	uint32_t d_flags;		/* generic flags */
+	uint32_t d_drivedata[BSD_NDRIVEDATA];	/* drive-type specific data */
+	uint32_t d_spare[BSD_NSPARE];	/* reserved for future use */
+	uint32_t d_magic2;		/* the magic number (again) */
+	uint16_t d_checksum;		/* xor of data incl. partitions */
+
+	/* filesystem and partition information: */
+	uint16_t d_npartitions;	/* number of partitions in following */
+	uint32_t d_bbsize;		/* size of boot area at sn0, bytes */
+	uint32_t d_sbsize;		/* max size of fs superblock, bytes */
+	struct partition {		/* the partition table */
+		uint32_t p_size;	/* number of sectors in partition */
+		uint32_t p_offset;	/* starting sector */
+		uint32_t p_fsize;	/* filesystem basic fragment size */
+		uint8_t  p_fstype;	/* filesystem type, see below */
+		uint8_t  p_frag;	/* filesystem fragments per block */
+		uint16_t p_cpg;		/* filesystem cylinders per group */
+	} d_partitions[BSD_NPARTS_MIN];	/* actually may be more */
+};
+
+/*
+ * fd_type
+ * Link： https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/
+ * Path： freebsd-src/sys/sys/fdcio.h
+ */
+struct fd_type {
+	int	sectrac;		/* sectors per track         */
+	int	secsize;		/* size code for sectors     */
+	int	datalen;		/* data len when secsize = 0 */
+	int	gap;			/* gap len between sectors   */
+	int	tracks;			/* total number of cylinders */
+	int	size;			/* size of disk in sectors   */
+	int	trans;			/* transfer speed code       */
+	int	heads;			/* number of heads	     */
+	int     f_gap;                  /* format gap len            */
+	int     f_inter;                /* format interleave factor  */
+	int	offset_side2;		/* offset of sectors on side2 */
+	int	flags;			/* misc. features */
+#define FL_MFM		0x0001		/* MFM recording */
+#define FL_2STEP	0x0002		/* 2 steps between cylinders */
+#define FL_PERPND	0x0004		/* perpendicular recording */
+#define FL_AUTO		0x0008		/* autodetect format */
+};
+#endif //MKFS_DEFINE_H
\ No newline at end of file

sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.h

+/*	$FreeBSD$	*/
+/*	$NetBSD: mkfs_msdos.h,v 1.3 2015/10/16 17:38:17 christos Exp $	*/
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2013 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+ * by Christos Zoulas.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+ * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "mkfs_define.h"
+
+#define ALLOPTS \
+AOPT('@', off_t, offset, 0, "Offset in device") \
+AOPT('A', bool, align, -2, "Attempt to cluster align root directory") \
+AOPT('B', const char *, bootstrap, -1, "Bootstrap file") \
+AOPT('C', off_t, create_size, 0, "Create file") \
+AOPT('F', uint8_t,  fat_type, 12, "FAT type (12, 16, or 32)") \
+AOPT('I', uint32_t, volume_id, 0, "Volume ID") \
+AOPT('L', const char *, volume_label, -1, "Volume Label") \
+AOPT('N', bool, no_create, -2, "Don't create filesystem, print params only") \
+AOPT('O', const char *, OEM_string, -1, "OEM string") \
+AOPT('S', uint16_t, bytes_per_sector, 1, "Bytes per sector") \
+AOPT('T', time_t, timestamp, 0, "Timestamp") \
+AOPT('a', uint32_t, sectors_per_fat, 1, "Sectors per FAT") \
+AOPT('b', uint32_t, block_size, 1, "Block size") \
+AOPT('c', uint8_t, sectors_per_cluster, 1, "Sectors per cluster") \
+AOPT('e', uint16_t, directory_entries, 1, "Directory entries") \
+AOPT('f', const char *, floppy, -1, "Standard format floppies (160,180,320,360,640,720,1200,1232,1440,2880)") \
+AOPT('h', uint16_t, drive_heads, 1, "Drive heads") \
+AOPT('i', uint16_t, info_sector, 1, "Info sector") \
+AOPT('k', uint16_t, backup_sector, 1, "Backup sector") \
+AOPT('m', uint8_t, media_descriptor, 0, "Media descriptor") \
+AOPT('n', uint8_t, num_FAT, 1, "Number of FATs") \
+AOPT('o', uint32_t, hidden_sectors, 0, "Hidden sectors") \
+AOPT('r', uint16_t, reserved_sectors, 1, "Reserved sectors") \
+AOPT('s', uint32_t, size, 1, "File System size") \
+AOPT('u', uint16_t, sectors_per_track, 1, "Sectors per track")
+
+struct msdos_options {
+#define AOPT(_opt, _type, _name, _min, _desc) _type _name;
+ALLOPTS
+#undef AOPT
+	uint32_t timestamp_set:1;
+	uint32_t volume_id_set:1;
+	uint32_t media_descriptor_set:1;
+	uint32_t hidden_sectors_set:1;
+};
+
+int mkfs_msdos(const char *, const char *, const struct msdos_options *);

sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8

+.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+.\"    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+.\"    distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
+.\" OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+.\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
+.\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+.\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.\"
+.Dd June 14, 2018
+.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm newfs_msdos
+.Nd construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Op Fl N
+.Op Fl @ Ar offset
+.Op Fl A
+.Op Fl B Ar boot
+.Op Fl C Ar create-size
+.Op Fl F Ar FAT-type
+.Op Fl I Ar VolumeID
+.Op Fl L Ar label
+.Op Fl O Ar OEM
+.Op Fl S Ar sector-size
+.Op Fl T Ar timestamp
+.Op Fl a Ar FAT-size
+.Op Fl b Ar block-size
+.Op Fl c Ar cluster-size
+.Op Fl e Ar DirEnts
+.Op Fl f Ar format
+.Op Fl h Ar heads
+.Op Fl i Ar info
+.Op Fl k Ar backup
+.Op Fl m Ar media
+.Op Fl n Ar FATs
+.Op Fl o Ar hidden
+.Op Fl r Ar reserved
+.Op Fl s Ar total
+.Op Fl u Ar track-size
+.Ar special
+.Op Ar disktype
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device or file named
+.Ar special ,
+using
+.Xr disktab 5
+entry
+.Ar disktype
+to determine geometry, if required.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar special
+does not contain a
+.Ar /
+and
+.Fl C
+is not used, it is assumed to be a device name and
+.Ar /dev/
+is prepended to the name to construct the actual device name.
+To work a file in the current directory use
+.Ar ./filename
+.Pp
+The options are as follow:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl N
+Do not create a file system: just print out parameters.
+.It Fl @ Ar offset
+Build the filesystem at the specified offset in bytes in the device or file.
+A suffix s, k, m, g (lower or upper case)
+appended to the offset specifies that the
+number is in sectors, kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes, respectively.
+.It Fl A
+Attempt to cluster align root directory, useful for SD card.
+.It Fl B Ar boot
+Get bootstrap from file.
+.It Fl C Ar create-size
+Create the image file with the specified size.
+A suffix character appended to the size is interpreted as for the
+.Fl @
+option.
+The file is created by truncating any existing file with the same name and
+resizing it to the requested size.
+If the file system supports sparse files, the space occupied on disk may be
+smaller than the size specified as parameter.
+.It Fl F Ar FAT-type
+FAT type (one of 12, 16, or 32).
+.It Fl I Ar VolumeID
+Volume ID, a 32 bit number in decimal or hexadecimal (0x...) format.
+.It Fl L Ar label
+Volume label (up to 11 characters).
+The label should consist of
+only those characters permitted in regular DOS (8+3) filenames.
+.It Fl O Ar OEM
+OEM string (up to 8 characters).
+The default is
+.Qq Li "BSD4.4  " .
+.It Fl S Ar sector-size
+Number of bytes per sector.
+Acceptable values are powers of 2
+in the range 512 through 32768, inclusive.
+.It Fl T Ar timestamp
+Create the filesystem as though the current time is
+.Ar timestamp .
+The default filesystem volume ID is derived from the time.
+.Ar timestamp
+can be a pathname (where the timestamp is derived from
+that file) or an integer value interpreted
+as the number of seconds since the Epoch.
+.It Fl a Ar FAT-size
+Number of sectors per FAT.
+.It Fl b Ar block-size
+File system block size (bytes per cluster).
+This should resolve to an
+acceptable number of sectors per cluster (see below).
+.It Fl c Ar cluster-size
+Sectors per cluster.
+Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range
+1 through 128.
+If the block or cluster size are not specified, the code
+uses a cluster between 512 bytes and 32K depending on
+the filesystem size.
+.It Fl e Ar DirEnts
+Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only).
+.It Fl f Ar format
+Specify a standard (floppy disk) format.
+The standard formats
+are (capacities in kilobytes): 160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200,
+1232, 1440, 2880.
+.It Fl h Ar heads
+Number of drive heads.
+.It Fl i Ar info
+Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only).
+A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector.
+.It Fl k Ar backup
+Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only).
+A value
+of 0xffff signifies no backup sector.
+.It Fl m Ar media
+Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff).
+.It Fl n Ar FATs
+Number of FATs.
+Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive.
+The default
+is 2.
+.It Fl o Ar hidden
+Number of hidden sectors.
+.It Fl r Ar reserved
+Number of reserved sectors.
+.It Fl s Ar total
+File system size.
+.It Fl u Ar track-size
+Number of sectors per track.
+.El
+.Sh NOTES
+If some parameters (e.g., size, number of sectors, etc.) are not specified
+through options or disktype, the program tries to generate them automatically.
+In particular, the size is determined as the device or file size minus the
+offset specified with the
+.Fl @
+option.
+When the geometry is not available, it is assumed to be 63 sectors, 255 heads.
+The size is then rounded to become a multiple of the track size and avoid
+complaints by some filesystem code.
+.Pp
+FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter
+Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual
+file system.
+For reference purposes, this structure is presented
+below.
+.Bd -literal
+struct bsbpb {
+    uint16_t	bpbBytesPerSec;		/* [-S] bytes per sector */
+    uint8_t	bpbSecPerClust;		/* [-c] sectors per cluster */
+    uint16_t	bpbResSectors;		/* [-r] reserved sectors */
+    uint8_t	bpbFATs;		/* [-n] number of FATs */
+    uint16_t	bpbRootDirEnts;		/* [-e] root directory entries */
+    uint16_t	bpbSectors;		/* [-s] total sectors */
+    uint8_t	bpbMedia;		/* [-m] media descriptor */
+    uint16_t	bpbFATsecs;		/* [-a] sectors per FAT */
+    uint16_t	bpbSecPerTrack;		/* [-u] sectors per track */
+    uint16_t	bpbHeads;		/* [-h] drive heads */
+    uint32_t	bpbHiddenSecs;		/* [-o] hidden sectors */
+    uint32_t	bpbHugeSectors;		/* [-s] big total sectors */
+};
+/* FAT32 extensions */
+struct bsxbpb {
+    uint32_t	bpbBigFATsecs;		/* [-a] big sectors per FAT */
+    uint16_t	bpbExtFlags;		/* control flags */
+    uint16_t	bpbFSVers;		/* file system version */
+    uint32_t	bpbRootClust;		/* root directory start cluster */
+    uint16_t	bpbFSInfo;		/* [-i] file system info sector */
+    uint16_t	bpbBackup;		/* [-k] backup boot sector */
+};
+.Ed
+.Sh LIMITATION
+The maximum file size is 4GB, even if the file system itself is bigger.
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+Exit status is 0 on success and 1 on error.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Create a file system, using default parameters, on
+.Pa /dev/ada0s1 :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+newfs_msdos /dev/ada0s1
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Create a standard 1.44M file system, with volume label
+.Ar foo ,
+on
+.Pa /dev/fd0 :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+newfs_msdos -f 1440 -L foo fd0
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Create a 30MB image file, with the FAT partition starting
+63 sectors within the image file:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+newfs_msdos -C 30M -@63s ./somefile
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr gpart 8 ,
+.Xr newfs 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+utility first appeared in
+.Fx 3.0 .
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An Robert Nordier Aq Mt rnordier@FreeBSD.org

sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.c

+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
+ * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+ * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+ * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static const char rcsid[] =
+  "$FreeBSD$";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <paths.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "mkfs_msdos.h"
+
+#define	argto1(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg)
+#define	argto2(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg)
+#define	argto4(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg)
+#define	argtox(arg, lo, msg)  argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg)
+
+static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *);
+static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *);
+static void usage(void);
+
+static time_t
+get_tstamp(const char *b)
+{
+    struct stat st;
+    char *eb;
+    long long l;
+
+    if (stat(b, &st) != -1)
+        return (time_t)st.st_mtime;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    l = strtoll(b, &eb, 0);
+    if (b == eb || *eb || errno)
+        errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Can't parse timestamp '%s'", b);
+    return (time_t)l;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system.
+ */
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    static const char opts[] = "@:NAB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:T:u:";
+    struct msdos_options o;
+    const char *fname, *dtype;
+    char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
+    int ch;
+
+    memset(&o, 0, sizeof(o));
+
+    while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1)
+	switch (ch) {
+	case '@':
+	    o.offset = argtooff(optarg, "offset");
+	    break;
+	case 'N':
+	    o.no_create = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'A':
+	    o.align = true;
+	    break;
+	case 'B':
+	    o.bootstrap = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'C':
+	    o.create_size = argtooff(optarg, "create size");
+	    break;
+	case 'F':
+	    if (strcmp(optarg, "12") &&
+		strcmp(optarg, "16") &&
+		strcmp(optarg, "32"))
+		errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg);
+	    o.fat_type = atoi(optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'I':
+	    o.volume_id = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID");
+	    o.volume_id_set = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'L':
+	    o.volume_label = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'O':
+	    o.OEM_string = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'S':
+	    o.bytes_per_sector = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector");
+	    break;
+	case 'a':
+	    o.sectors_per_fat = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT");
+	    break;
+	case 'b':
+	    o.block_size = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size");
+	    o.sectors_per_cluster = 0;
+	    break;
+	case 'c':
+	    o.sectors_per_cluster = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster");
+	    o.block_size = 0;
+	    break;
+	case 'e':
+	    o.directory_entries = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries");
+	    break;
+	case 'f':
+	    o.floppy = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'h':
+	    o.drive_heads = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads");
+	    break;
+	case 'i':
+	    o.info_sector = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector");
+	    break;
+	case 'k':
+	    o.backup_sector = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector");
+	    break;
+	case 'm':
+	    o.media_descriptor = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor");
+	    o.media_descriptor_set = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'n':
+	    o.num_FAT = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs");
+	    break;
+	case 'o':
+	    o.hidden_sectors = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors");
+	    o.hidden_sectors_set = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'r':
+	    o.reserved_sectors = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors");
+	    break;
+	case 's':
+	    o.size = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size");
+	    break;
+	case 'T':
+	    o.timestamp_set = 1;
+	    o.timestamp = get_tstamp(optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'u':
+	    o.sectors_per_track = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track");
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    usage();
+	}
+    argc -= optind;
+    argv += optind;
+    if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
+	usage();
+    if (o.align) {
+	if (o.reserved_sectors)
+	    errx(1, "align (-A) is incompatible with -r");
+    }
+    fname = *argv++;
+    if (!o.create_size && !strchr(fname, '/')) {
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname);
+	fname = buf;
+    }
+    dtype = *argv;
+    exit(!!mkfs_msdos(fname, dtype, &o));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert and check a numeric option argument.
+ */
+static u_int
+argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg)
+{
+    char *s;
+    u_long x;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0);
+    if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi)
+	errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
+    return x;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix
+ */
+static off_t
+argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg)
+{
+    char *s;
+    off_t x;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0);
+    /* allow at most one extra char */
+    if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) )
+	errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
+    if (*s) {	/* the extra char is the multiplier */
+	switch (*s) {
+	default:
+	    errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg);
+	    /* notreached */
+
+	case 's':		/* sector */
+	case 'S':
+	    x <<= 9;		/* times 512 */
+	    break;
+
+	case 'k':		/* kilobyte */
+	case 'K':
+	    x <<= 10;		/* times 1024 */
+	    break;
+
+	case 'm':		/* megabyte */
+	case 'M':
+	    x <<= 20;		/* times 1024*1024 */
+	    break;
+
+	case 'g':		/* gigabyte */
+	case 'G':
+	    x <<= 30;		/* times 1024*1024*1024 */
+	    break;
+
+	case 'p':		/* partition start */
+	case 'P':
+	case 'l':		/* partition length */
+	case 'L':
+	    errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg);
+	    /* notreached */
+	}
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print usage message.
+ */
+static void
+usage(void)
+{
+    fprintf(stderr,
+	    "usage: [ -options ] special [disktype]\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n");
+static struct {
+    char o;
+    const char *h;
+} opts[] = {
+#define AOPT(_opt, _type, _name, _min, _desc) { _opt, _desc },
+ALLOPTS
+#undef AOPT
+    };
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nitems(opts); i++)
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t-%c %s\n", opts[i].o, opts[i].h);
+    exit(1);
+}