This provides a band-aid to provide stable page writes on jbd without
needing to backport the fixed locking and page writeback bit handling
schemes of jbd2.  The band-aid works by using bounce buffers to snapshot
page contents instead of waiting.

For those wondering about the ext3 bandage -- fixing the jbd locking
(which was done as part of ext4dev years ago) is a lot of surgery, and
setting PG_writeback on data pages when we actually hold the page lock
dropped ext3 performance by nearly an order of magnitude.  If we're
going to migrate iscsi and raid to use stable page writes, the
complaints about high latency will likely return.  We might as well
centralize their page snapshotting thing to one place.
Signed-off-by: NDarrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Tested-by: NAndy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Create a helper function to check if a backing device requires stable
page writes and, if so, performs the necessary wait.  Then, make it so
that all points in the memory manager that handle making pages writable
use the helper function.  This should provide stable page write support
to most filesystems, while eliminating unnecessary waiting for devices
that don't require the feature.

Before this patchset, all filesystems would block, regardless of whether
or not it was necessary.  ext3 would wait, but still generate occasional
checksum errors.  The network filesystems were left to do their own
thing, so they'd wait too.

After this patchset, all the disk filesystems except ext3 and btrfs will
wait only if the hardware requires it.  ext3 (if necessary) snapshots
pages instead of blocking, and btrfs provides its own bdi so the mm will
never wait.  Network filesystems haven't been touched, so either they
provide their own stable page guarantees or they don't block at all.
The blocking behavior is back to what it was before 3.0 if you don't
have a disk requiring stable page writes.

Here's the result of using dbench to test latency on ext2:

3.8.0-rc3:
 Operation      Count    AvgLat    MaxLat
 ----------------------------------------
 WriteX        109347     0.028    59.817
 ReadX         347180     0.004     3.391
 Flush          15514    29.828   287.283

Throughput 57.429 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=287.290 ms

3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
 WriteX        105556     0.029     4.273
 ReadX         335004     0.005     4.112
 Flush          14982    30.540   298.634

Throughput 55.4496 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=298.650 ms

As you can see, the maximum write latency drops considerably with this
patch enabled.  The other filesystems (ext3/ext4/xfs/btrfs) behave
similarly, but see the cover letter for those results.
Signed-off-by: NDarrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patchset ("stable page writes, part 2") makes some key
modifications to the original 'stable page writes' patchset.  First, it
provides creators (devices and filesystems) of a backing_dev_info a flag
that declares whether or not it is necessary to ensure that page
contents cannot change during writeout.  It is no longer assumed that
this is true of all devices (which was never true anyway).  Second, the
flag is used to relaxed the wait_on_page_writeback calls so that wait
only occurs if the device needs it.  Third, it fixes up the remaining
disk-backed filesystems to use this improved conditional-wait logic to
provide stable page writes on those filesystems.

It is hoped that (for people not using checksumming devices, anyway)
this patchset will give back unnecessary performance decreases since the
original stable page write patchset went into 3.0.  Sorry about not
fixing it sooner.

Complaints were registered by several people about the long write
latencies introduced by the original stable page write patchset.
Generally speaking, the kernel ought to allocate as little extra memory
as possible to facilitate writeout, but for people who simply cannot
wait, a second page stability strategy is (re)introduced: snapshotting
page contents.  The waiting behavior is still the default strategy; to
enable page snapshotting, a superblock flag (MS_SNAP_STABLE) must be
set.  This flag is used to bandaid^Henable stable page writeback on
ext3[1], and is not used anywhere else.

Given that there are already a few storage devices and network FSes that
have rolled their own page stability wait/page snapshot code, it would
be nice to move towards consolidating all of these.  It seems possible
that iscsi and raid5 may wish to use the new stable page write support
to enable zero-copy writeout.

Thank you to Jan Kara for helping fix a couple more filesystems.

Per Andrew Morton's request, here are the result of using dbench to measure
latencies on ext2:

3.8.0-rc3:
   Operation      Count    AvgLat    MaxLat
   ----------------------------------------
   WriteX        109347     0.028    59.817
   ReadX         347180     0.004     3.391
   Flush          15514    29.828   287.283

  Throughput 57.429 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=287.290 ms

3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
   WriteX        105556     0.029     4.273
   ReadX         335004     0.005     4.112
   Flush          14982    30.540   298.634

  Throughput 55.4496 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=298.650 ms

As you can see, for ext2 the maximum write latency decreases from ~60ms
on a laptop hard disk to ~4ms.  I'm not sure why the flush latencies
increase, though I suspect that being able to dirty pages faster gives
the flusher more work to do.

On ext4, the average write latency decreases as well as all the maximum
latencies:

3.8.0-rc3:
   WriteX         85624     0.152    33.078
   ReadX         272090     0.010    61.210
   Flush          12129    36.219   168.260

  Throughput 44.8618 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=168.276 ms

3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
   WriteX         86082     0.141    30.928
   ReadX         273358     0.010    36.124
   Flush          12214    34.800   165.689

  Throughput 44.9941 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=165.722 ms

XFS seems to exhibit similar latency improvements as ext2:

3.8.0-rc3:
   WriteX        125739     0.028   104.343
   ReadX         399070     0.005     4.115
   Flush          17851    25.004   131.390

  Throughput 66.0024 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=131.406 ms

3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
   WriteX        123529     0.028     6.299
   ReadX         392434     0.005     4.287
   Flush          17549    25.120   188.687

  Throughput 64.9113 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=188.704 ms

...and btrfs, just to round things out, also shows some latency
decreases:

3.8.0-rc3:
   WriteX         67122     0.083    82.355
   ReadX         212719     0.005     2.828
   Flush           9547    47.561   147.418

  Throughput 35.3391 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=147.433 ms

3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
   WriteX         64898     0.101    71.631
   ReadX         206673     0.005     7.123
   Flush           9190    47.963   219.034

  Throughput 34.0795 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=219.044 ms

Before this patchset, all filesystems would block, regardless of whether
or not it was necessary.  ext3 would wait, but still generate occasional
checksum errors.  The network filesystems were left to do their own
thing, so they'd wait too.

After this patchset, all the disk filesystems except ext3 and btrfs will
wait only if the hardware requires it.  ext3 (if necessary) snapshots
pages instead of blocking, and btrfs provides its own bdi so the mm will
never wait.  Network filesystems haven't been touched, so either they
provide their own wait code, or they don't block at all.  The blocking
behavior is back to what it was before 3.0 if you don't have a disk
requiring stable page writes.

This patchset has been tested on 3.8.0-rc3 on x64 with ext3, ext4, and
xfs.  I've spot-checked 3.8.0-rc4 and seem to be getting the same
results as -rc3.

[1] The alternative fixes to ext3 include fixing the locking order and
page bit handling like we did for ext4 (but then why not just use
ext4?), or setting PG_writeback so early that ext3 becomes extremely
slow.  I tried that, but the number of write()s I could initiate dropped
by nearly an order of magnitude.  That was a bit much even for the
author of the stable page series! :)

This patch:

Creates a per-backing-device flag that tracks whether or not pages must
be held immutable during writeout.  Eventually it will be used to waive
wait_for_page_writeback() if nothing requires stable pages.
Signed-off-by: NDarrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit c060f943 ("mm: use aligned zone start for pfn_to_bitidx
calculation") fixed out calculation of the index into the pageblock
bitmap when a !SPARSEMEM zome was not aligned to pageblock_nr_pages.

However, the _allocation_ of that bitmap had never taken this alignment
requirement into accout, so depending on the exact size and alignment of
the zone, the use of that index could then access past the allocation,
resulting in some very subtle memory corruption.

This was reported (and bisected) by Ingo Molnar: one of his random
config builds would hang with certain very specific kernel command line
options.

In the meantime, commit c060f943 has been marked for stable, so this
fix needs to be back-ported to the stable kernels that backported the
commit to use the right alignment.
Bisected-and-tested-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The total number of low memory pages is determined as totalram_pages -
totalhigh_pages, so without this patch all CMA pageblocks placed in
highmem were accounted to low memory.
Signed-off-by: NMarek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Acked-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The designed workflow for the caches in kmemcg is: register it with
memcg_register_cache() if kmemcg is already available or later on when a
new kmemcg appears at memcg_update_cache_sizes() which will handle all
caches in the system.  The caches created at boot time will be handled
by the later, and the memcg-caches as well as any system caches that are
registered later on by the former.

There is a bug, however, in memcg_register_cache: we correctly set up
the array size, but do not mark the cache as a root cache.

This means that allocations for any cache appearing late in the game
will see memcg->memcg_params->is_root_cache == false, and in particular,
trigger VM_BUG_ON(!cachep->memcg_params->is_root_cache) in
__memcg_kmem_cache_get.

The obvious fix is to include the missing assignment.
Signed-off-by: NGlauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

With commit 8e72033f ("thp: make MADV_HUGEPAGE check for
mm->def_flags") the VM_NOHUGEPAGE flag may be set on s390 in
mm->def_flags for certain processes, to prevent future thp mappings.
This would be overwritten by do_mlockall(), which sets it back to 0 with
an optional VM_LOCKED flag set.

To fix this, instead of overwriting mm->def_flags in do_mlockall(), only
the VM_LOCKED flag should be set or cleared.
Signed-off-by: NGerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reported-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Move rt scheduler definitions out of include/linux/sched.h into
new file include/linux/sched/rt.h
Signed-off-by: NClark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094707.7b9f825f@riff.lanSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Move the sysctl-related bits from include/linux/sched.h into
a new file: include/linux/sched/sysctl.h. Then update source
files requiring access to those bits by including the new
header file.
Signed-off-by: NClark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094659.06dced96@riff.lanSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

We use rwsem since commit 5a505085 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct
anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem").  And most of comments are converted to
the new rwsem lock; while just 2 more missed from:

	 $ git grep 'anon_vma->mutex'
Signed-off-by: NYuanhan Liu <yuanhan.liu@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When setting a huge PTE, besides calling pte_mkhuge(), we also need to
call arch_make_huge_pte(), which we indeed do in make_huge_pte(), but we
forget to do in hugetlb_change_protection() and remove_migration_pte().
Signed-off-by: NZhigang Lu <zlu@tilera.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NHillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

No reason to preserve the huge zero page in core dumps.
Reported-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The function does not modify iov_iter which 'i' points to.
Signed-off-by: NMaxim Patlasov <mpatlasov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

Eric Wong reported on 3.7 and 3.8-rc2 that ppoll() got stuck when
waiting for POLLIN on a local TCP socket.  It was easier to trigger if
there was disk IO and dirty pages at the same time and he bisected it to
commit 1fb3f8ca ("mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page
immediately when it is made available").

The intention of that patch was to improve high-order allocations under
memory pressure after changes made to reclaim in 3.6 drastically hurt
THP allocations but the approach was flawed.  For Eric, the problem was
that page->pfmemalloc was not being cleared for captured pages leading
to a poor interaction with swap-over-NFS support causing the packets to
be dropped.  However, I identified a few more problems with the patch
including the fact that it can increase contention on zone->lock in some
cases which could result in async direct compaction being aborted early.

In retrospect the capture patch took the wrong approach.  What it should
have done is mark the pageblock being migrated as MIGRATE_ISOLATE if it
was allocating for THP and avoided races that way.  While the patch was
showing to improve allocation success rates at the time, the benefit is
marginal given the relative complexity and it should be revisited from
scratch in the context of the other reclaim-related changes that have
taken place since the patch was first written and tested.  This patch
partially reverts commit 1fb3f8ca ("mm: compaction: capture a
suitable high-order page immediately when it is made available").
Reported-and-tested-by: NEric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Tested-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Zhouping Liu reported the following against 3.8-rc1 when running a mmap
testcase from LTP.

  mapcount 0 page_mapcount 3
  ------------[ cut here ]------------
  kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1798!
  invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
  Modules linked in: ip6table_filter ip6_tables ebtable_nat ebtables bnep bluetooth rfkill iptable_mangle ipt_REJECT nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 xt_conntrack nf_conntrack iptable_filter ip_tables be2iscsi iscsi_boot_sysfs bnx2i cnic uio cxgb4i cxgb4 cxgb3i cxgb3 mdio libcxgbi ib_iser rdma_cm ib_addr iw_cm ib_cm ib_sa ib_mad ib_core iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi vfat fat dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod cdc_ether iTCO_wdt i7core_edac coretemp usbnet iTCO_vendor_support mii crc32c_intel edac_core lpc_ich shpchp ioatdma mfd_core i2c_i801 pcspkr serio_raw bnx2 microcode dca vhost_net tun macvtap macvlan kvm_intel kvm uinput mgag200 sr_mod cdrom i2c_algo_bit sd_mod drm_kms_helper crc_t10dif ata_generic pata_acpi ttm ata_piix drm libata i2c_core megaraid_sas
  CPU 1
  Pid: 23217, comm: mmap10 Not tainted 3.8.0-rc1mainline+ #17 IBM IBM System x3400 M3 Server -[7379I08]-/69Y4356
  RIP: __split_huge_page+0x677/0x6d0
  RSP: 0000:ffff88017a03fc08  EFLAGS: 00010293
  RAX: 0000000000000003 RBX: ffff88027a6c22e0 RCX: 00000000000034d2
  RDX: 000000000000748b RSI: 0000000000000046 RDI: 0000000000000246
  RBP: ffff88017a03fcb8 R08: ffffffff819d2440 R09: 000000000000054a
  R10: 0000000000aaaaaa R11: 00000000ffffffff R12: 0000000000000000
  R13: 00007f4f11a00000 R14: ffff880179e96e00 R15: ffffea0005c08000
  FS:  00007f4f11f4a740(0000) GS:ffff88017bc20000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
  CR2: 00000037e9ebb404 CR3: 000000017a436000 CR4: 00000000000007e0
  DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
  DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
  Process mmap10 (pid: 23217, threadinfo ffff88017a03e000, task ffff880172dd32e0)
  Stack:
   ffff88017a540ec8 ffff88017a03fc20 ffffffff816017b5 ffff88017a03fc88
   ffffffff812fa014 0000000000000000 ffff880279ebd5c0 00000000f4f11a4c
   00000007f4f11f49 00000007f4f11a00 ffff88017a540ef0 ffff88017a540ee8
  Call Trace:
    split_huge_page+0x68/0xb0
    __split_huge_page_pmd+0x134/0x330
    split_huge_page_pmd_mm+0x51/0x60
    split_huge_page_address+0x3b/0x50
    __vma_adjust_trans_huge+0x9c/0xf0
    vma_adjust+0x684/0x750
    __split_vma.isra.28+0x1fa/0x220
    do_munmap+0xf9/0x420
    vm_munmap+0x4e/0x70
    sys_munmap+0x2b/0x40
    system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b

Alexander Beregalov and Alex Xu reported similar bugs and Hillf Danton
identified that commit 5a505085 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct
anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem") and commit 4fc3f1d6 ("mm/rmap,
migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable")
were likely the problem.  Reverting these commits was reported to solve
the problem for Alexander.

Despite the reason for these commits, NUMA balancing is not the direct
source of the problem.  split_huge_page() expects the anon_vma lock to
be exclusive to serialise the whole split operation.  Ordinarily it is
expected that the anon_vma lock would only be required when updating the
avcs but THP also uses the anon_vma rwsem for collapse and split
operations where the page lock or compound lock cannot be used (as the
page is changing from base to THP or vice versa) and the page table
locks are insufficient.

This patch takes the anon_vma lock for write to serialise against parallel
split_huge_page as THP expected before the conversion to rwsem.
Reported-and-tested-by: NZhouping Liu <zliu@redhat.com>
Reported-by: NAlexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Reported-by: NAlex Xu <alex_y_xu@yahoo.ca>
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 5a505085 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an
rwsem") turned anon_vma mutex to rwsem.

However, the properly annotated nested locking in mm_take_all_locks()
has been converted from

	mutex_lock_nest_lock(&anon_vma->root->mutex, &mm->mmap_sem);

to

	down_write(&anon_vma->root->rwsem);

which is incomplete, and causes the false positive report from lockdep
below.

Annotate the fact that mmap_sem is used as an outter lock to serialize
taking of all the anon_vma rwsems at once no matter the order, using the
down_write_nest_lock() primitive.

This patch fixes this lockdep report:

 =============================================
 [ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ]
 3.8.0-rc2-00036-g5f738967 #171 Not tainted
 ---------------------------------------------
 qemu-kvm/2315 is trying to acquire lock:
  (&anon_vma->rwsem){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0

 but task is already holding lock:
  (&anon_vma->rwsem){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0

 other info that might help us debug this:
  Possible unsafe locking scenario:

        CPU0
        ----
   lock(&anon_vma->rwsem);
   lock(&anon_vma->rwsem);

  *** DEADLOCK ***

  May be due to missing lock nesting notation

 4 locks held by qemu-kvm/2315:
  #0:  (&mm->mmap_sem){++++++}, at: do_mmu_notifier_register+0xfc/0x170
  #1:  (mm_all_locks_mutex){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x36/0x1b0
  #2:  (&mapping->i_mmap_mutex){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0xc9/0x1b0
  #3:  (&anon_vma->rwsem){+.+...}, at: mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0

 stack backtrace:
 Pid: 2315, comm: qemu-kvm Not tainted 3.8.0-rc2-00036-g5f738967 #171
 Call Trace:
   print_deadlock_bug+0xf2/0x100
   validate_chain+0x4f6/0x720
   __lock_acquire+0x359/0x580
   lock_acquire+0x121/0x190
   down_write+0x3f/0x70
   mm_take_all_locks+0x149/0x1b0
   do_mmu_notifier_register+0x68/0x170
   mmu_notifier_register+0xe/0x10
   kvm_create_vm+0x22b/0x330 [kvm]
   kvm_dev_ioctl+0xf8/0x1a0 [kvm]
   do_vfs_ioctl+0x9d/0x350
   sys_ioctl+0x91/0xb0
   system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Tested-by: NSedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently free_all_bootmem_core ignores that node_min_pfn may be not
multiple of BITS_PER_LONG.  Eg commit 6dccdcbe ("mm: bootmem: fix
checking the bitmap when finally freeing bootmem") shifts vec by lower
bits of start instead of lower bits of idx.  Also

  if (IS_ALIGNED(start, BITS_PER_LONG) && vec == ~0UL)

assumes that vec bit 0 corresponds to start pfn, which is only true when
node_min_pfn is a multiple of BITS_PER_LONG.  Also loop in the else
clause can double-free pages (e.g.  with node_min_pfn == start == 1,
map[0] == ~0 on 32-bit machine page 32 will be double-freed).

This bug causes the following message during xtensa kernel boot:

  bootmem::free_all_bootmem_core nid=0 start=1 end=8000
  BUG: Bad page state in process swapper  pfn:00001
  page:d04bd020 count:0 mapcount:-127 mapping:  (null) index:0x2
  page flags: 0x0()
  Call Trace:
    bad_page+0x8c/0x9c
    free_pages_prepare+0x5e/0x88
    free_hot_cold_page+0xc/0xa0
    __free_pages+0x24/0x38
    __free_pages_bootmem+0x54/0x56
    free_all_bootmem_core$part$11+0xeb/0x138
    free_all_bootmem+0x46/0x58
    mem_init+0x25/0xa4
    start_kernel+0x11e/0x25c
    should_never_return+0x0/0x3be7

The fix is the following:
 - always align vec so that its bit 0 corresponds to start
 - provide BITS_PER_LONG bits in vec, if those bits are available in the
   map
 - don't free pages past next start position in the else clause.
Signed-off-by: NMax Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Prasad Koya <prasad.koya@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The current calculation in pfn_to_bitidx assumes that (pfn -
zone->zone_start_pfn) >> pageblock_order will return the same bit for
all pfn in a pageblock.  If zone_start_pfn is not aligned to
pageblock_nr_pages, this may not always be correct.

Consider the following with pageblock order = 10, zone start 2MB:

  pfn     | pfn - zone start | (pfn - zone start) >> page block order
  ----------------------------------------------------------------
  0x26000 | 0x25e00	   |  0x97
  0x26100 | 0x25f00	   |  0x97
  0x26200 | 0x26000	   |  0x98
  0x26300 | 0x26100	   |  0x98

This means that calling {get,set}_pageblock_migratetype on a single page
will not set the migratetype for the full block.  Fix this by rounding
down zone_start_pfn when doing the bitidx calculation.

For our use case, the effects of this bug were mostly tied to the fact
that CMA allocations would either take a long time or fail to happen.
Depending on the driver using CMA, this could result in anything from
visual glitches to application failures.
Signed-off-by: NLaura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

when run the folloing command under shell, it will return error

  sh/$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
  sh/$ sh: write error: Bad address

After strace, I found the following log:

  ...
  write(1, "1\n", 2)               = 3
  write(1, "", 4294967295)         = -1 EFAULT (Bad address)
  write(2, "echo: write error: Bad address\n", 31echo: write error: Bad address
  ) = 31

This tells system return 3(COMPACT_COMPLETE) after write data to
compact_memory.

The fix is to make the system just return 0 instead 3(COMPACT_COMPLETE)
from sysctl_compaction_handler after compaction_nodes finished.
Signed-off-by: NJason Liu <r64343@freescale.com>
Suggested-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The memmove span covers from (next+1) to the end of the array, and the
index of next is (i+1), so the index of (next+1) is (i+2).  So the size
of remaining array elements is (type->cnt - (i + 2)).

Since the remaining elements of the memblock array are move forward by
one element and there is only one additional element caused by this bug.
So there won't be any write overflow here but read overflow.  It may
read one more element out of the array address if the array happens to
be full.  Commonly it doesn't matter at all but if the array happens to
be located at the end a memblock, it may cause a invalid read operation
for the physical address doesn't exist.

There are 2 *happens to be* here, so I think the probability is quite
low, I don't know if any guy is haunted by this bug before.

Mostly I think it's user-invisible.
Signed-off-by: NLin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: NWanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Hugh Dickins pointed out that migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() does
not check page_count before migrating like base page migration and
khugepage.  He could not see why this was safe and he is right.

The potential impact of the bug is avoided due to the limitations of
NUMA balancing.  The page_mapcount() check ensures that only a single
address space is using this page and as THPs are typically private it
should not be possible for another address space to fault it in
parallel.  If the address space has one associated task then it's
difficult to have both a GUP pin and be referencing the page at the same
time.  If there are multiple tasks then a buggy scenario requires that
another thread be accessing the page while the direct IO is in flight.
This is dodgy behaviour as there is a possibility of corruption with or
without THP migration.  It would be

While we happen to be safe for the most part it is shoddy to depend on
such "safety" so this patch checks the page count similar to anonymous
pages.  Note that this does not mean that the page_mapcount() check can
go away.  If we were to remove the page_mapcount() check the the THP
would have to be unmapped from all referencing PTEs, replaced with
migration PTEs and restored properly afterwards.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Eric Wong reported on 3.7 and 3.8-rc2 that ppoll() got stuck when
waiting for POLLIN on a local TCP socket.  It was easier to trigger if
there was disk IO and dirty pages at the same time and he bisected it to
commit 1fb3f8ca ("mm: compaction: capture a suitable high-order page
immediately when it is made available").

The intention of that patch was to improve high-order allocations under
memory pressure after changes made to reclaim in 3.6 drastically hurt
THP allocations but the approach was flawed.  For Eric, the problem was
that page->pfmemalloc was not being cleared for captured pages leading
to a poor interaction with swap-over-NFS support causing the packets to
be dropped.  However, I identified a few more problems with the patch
including the fact that it can increase contention on zone->lock in some
cases which could result in async direct compaction being aborted early.

In retrospect the capture patch took the wrong approach.  What it should
have done is mark the pageblock being migrated as MIGRATE_ISOLATE if it
was allocating for THP and avoided races that way.  While the patch was
showing to improve allocation success rates at the time, the benefit is
marginal given the relative complexity and it should be revisited from
scratch in the context of the other reclaim-related changes that have
taken place since the patch was first written and tested.  This patch
partially reverts commit 1fb3f8ca "mm: compaction: capture a suitable
high-order page immediately when it is made available".
Reported-and-tested-by: NEric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
Tested-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The check for a pmd being in the process of being split was dropped by
mistake by commit d10e63f2 ("mm: numa: Create basic numa page
hinting infrastructure"). Put it back.
Reported-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Debugged-by: NHillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Kirill Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since commit e303297e ("mm: extended batches for generic
mmu_gather") we are batching pages to be freed until either
tlb_next_batch cannot allocate a new batch or we are done.

This works just fine most of the time but we can get in troubles with
non-preemptible kernel (CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE or CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY)
on large machines where too aggressive batching might lead to soft
lockups during process exit path (exit_mmap) because there are no
scheduling points down the free_pages_and_swap_cache path and so the
freeing can take long enough to trigger the soft lockup.

The lockup is harmless except when the system is setup to panic on
softlockup which is not that unusual.

The simplest way to work around this issue is to limit the maximum
number of batches in a single mmu_gather.  10k of collected pages should
be safe to prevent from soft lockups (we would have 2ms for one) even if
they are all freed without an explicit scheduling point.

This patch doesn't add any new explicit scheduling points because it
relies on zap_pmd_range during page tables zapping which calls
cond_resched per PMD.

The following lockup has been reported for 3.0 kernel with a huge
process (in order of hundreds gigs but I do know any more details).

  BUG: soft lockup - CPU#56 stuck for 22s! [kernel:31053]
  Modules linked in: af_packet nfs lockd fscache auth_rpcgss nfs_acl sunrpc mptctl mptbase autofs4 binfmt_misc dm_round_robin dm_multipath bonding cpufreq_conservative cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_powersave pcc_cpufreq mperf microcode fuse loop osst sg sd_mod crc_t10dif st qla2xxx scsi_transport_fc scsi_tgt netxen_nic i7core_edac iTCO_wdt joydev e1000e serio_raw pcspkr edac_core iTCO_vendor_support acpi_power_meter rtc_cmos hpwdt hpilo button container usbhid hid dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log linear uhci_hcd ehci_hcd usbcore usb_common scsi_dh_emc scsi_dh_alua scsi_dh_hp_sw scsi_dh_rdac scsi_dh dm_snapshot pcnet32 mii edd dm_mod raid1 ext3 mbcache jbd fan thermal processor thermal_sys hwmon cciss scsi_mod
  Supported: Yes
  CPU 56
  Pid: 31053, comm: kernel Not tainted 3.0.31-0.9-default #1 HP ProLiant DL580 G7
  RIP: 0010:  _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x8/0x10
  RSP: 0018:ffff883ec1037af0  EFLAGS: 00000206
  RAX: 0000000000000e00 RBX: ffffea01a0817e28 RCX: ffff88803ffd9e80
  RDX: 0000000000000200 RSI: 0000000000000206 RDI: 0000000000000206
  RBP: 0000000000000002 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffff887ec724a400
  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: dead000000200200 R12: ffffffff8144c26e
  R13: 0000000000000030 R14: 0000000000000297 R15: 000000000000000e
  FS:  00007ed834282700(0000) GS:ffff88c03f200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
  CR2: 000000000068b240 CR3: 0000003ec13c5000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
  DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
  DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
  Process kernel (pid: 31053, threadinfo ffff883ec1036000, task ffff883ebd5d4100)
  Call Trace:
    release_pages+0xc5/0x260
    free_pages_and_swap_cache+0x9d/0xc0
    tlb_flush_mmu+0x5c/0x80
    tlb_finish_mmu+0xe/0x50
    exit_mmap+0xbd/0x120
    mmput+0x49/0x120
    exit_mm+0x122/0x160
    do_exit+0x17a/0x430
    do_group_exit+0x3d/0xb0
    get_signal_to_deliver+0x247/0x480
    do_signal+0x71/0x1b0
    do_notify_resume+0x98/0xb0
    int_signal+0x12/0x17
  DWARF2 unwinder stuck at int_signal+0x12/0x17
Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.0+]
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 702d1a6e ("memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever
problem") added an isolated pageblocks counter (nr_pageblock_isolate in
struct zone) and used it to adjust free pages counter in
zone_watermark_ok_safe() to prevent kswapd looping forever problem.

Then later, commit 2139cbe6 ("cma: fix counting of isolated pages")
fixed accounting of isolated pages in global free pages counter.  It
made the previous zone_watermark_ok_safe() fix unnecessary and
potentially harmful (cause now isolated pages may be accounted twice
making free pages counter incorrect).

This patch removes the special isolated pageblocks counter altogether
which fixes zone_watermark_ok_safe() free pages check.
Reported-by: NTomasz Stanislawski <t.stanislaws@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CONFIG_HOTPLUG is going away as an option.  As a result, the __dev*
markings need to be removed.

This change removes the use of __devinit from the file.

Based on patches originally written by Bill Pemberton, but redone by me
in order to handle some of the coding style issues better, by hand.

Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Sasha was fuzzing with trinity and reported the following problem:

  BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/mutex.c:269
  in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, pid: 6361, name: trinity-main
  2 locks held by trinity-main/6361:
   #0:  (&mm->mmap_sem){++++++}, at: [<ffffffff810aa314>] __do_page_fault+0x1e4/0x4f0
   #1:  (&(&mm->page_table_lock)->rlock){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff8122f017>] handle_pte_fault+0x3f7/0x6a0
  Pid: 6361, comm: trinity-main Tainted: G        W
  3.7.0-rc2-next-20121024-sasha-00001-gd95ef01-dirty #74
  Call Trace:
    __might_sleep+0x1c3/0x1e0
    mutex_lock_nested+0x29/0x50
    mpol_shared_policy_lookup+0x2e/0x90
    shmem_get_policy+0x2e/0x30
    get_vma_policy+0x5a/0xa0
    mpol_misplaced+0x41/0x1d0
    handle_pte_fault+0x465/0x6a0

This was triggered by a different version of automatic NUMA balancing
but in theory the current version is vunerable to the same problem.

do_numa_page
  -> numa_migrate_prep
    -> mpol_misplaced
      -> get_vma_policy
        -> shmem_get_policy

It's very unlikely this will happen as shared pages are not marked
pte_numa -- see the page_mapcount() check in change_pte_range() -- but
it is possible.

To address this, this patch restores sp->lock as originally implemented
by Kosaki Motohiro.  In the path where get_vma_policy() is called, it
should not be calling sp_alloc() so it is not necessary to treat the PTL
specially.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove the unused argument (formerly no_context) from mpol_parse_str()
and from mpol_to_str().
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Recently I suggested using "mount -o remount,mpol=local /tmp" in NUMA
mempolicy testing.  Very nasty.  Reading /proc/mounts, /proc/pid/mounts
or /proc/pid/mountinfo may then corrupt one bit of kernel memory, often
in a page table (causing "Bad swap" or "Bad page map" warning or "Bad
pagetable" oops), sometimes in a vm_area_struct or rbnode or somewhere
worse.  "mpol=prefer" and "mpol=prefer:Node" are equally toxic.

Recent NUMA enhancements are not to blame: this dates back to 2.6.35,
when commit e17f74af "mempolicy: don't call mpol_set_nodemask() when
no_context" skipped mpol_parse_str()'s call to mpol_set_nodemask(),
which used to initialize v.preferred_node, or set MPOL_F_LOCAL in flags.
With slab poisoning, you can then rely on mpol_to_str() to set the bit
for node 0x6b6b, probably in the next page above the caller's stack.

mpol_parse_str() is only called from shmem_parse_options(): no_context
is always true, so call it unused for now, and remove !no_context code.
Set v.nodes or v.preferred_node or MPOL_F_LOCAL as mpol_to_str() might
expect.  Then mpol_to_str() can ignore its no_context argument also,
the mpol being appropriately initialized whether contextualized or not.
Rename its no_context unused too, and let subsequent patch remove them
(that's not needed for stable backporting, which would involve rejects).

I don't understand why MPOL_LOCAL is described as a pseudo-policy:
it's a reasonable policy which suffers from a confusing implementation
in terms of MPOL_PREFERRED with MPOL_F_LOCAL.  I believe this would be
much more robust if MPOL_LOCAL were recognized in switch statements
throughout, MPOL_F_LOCAL deleted, and MPOL_PREFERRED use the (possibly
empty) nodes mask like everyone else, instead of its preferred_node
variant (I presume an optimization from the days before MPOL_LOCAL).
But that would take me too long to get right and fully tested.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

An unintended consequence of commit 4ae0a48b ("mm: modify
pgdat_balanced() so that it also handles order-0") is that
wait_iff_congested() can now be called with NULL 'struct zone *'
producing kernel oops like this:

  BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference
  IP: [<ffffffff811542d9>] wait_iff_congested+0x59/0x140

This trivial patch fixes it.
Reported-by: NZhouping Liu <zliu@redhat.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: NSedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NZlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Teach pgdat_balanced() about order-0 allocations so that we can simplify
code in a few places in vmstat.c.
Suggested-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NZlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 648bb56d ("cgroup: lock cgroup_mutex in cgroup_init_subsys()")
made cgroup_init_subsys() grab cgroup_mutex before invoking
->css_alloc() for the root css.  Because memcg registers hotcpu notifier
from ->css_alloc() for the root css, this introduced circular locking
dependency between cgroup_mutex and cpu hotplug.

Fix it by moving hotcpu notifier registration to a subsys initcall.

  ======================================================
  [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
  3.7.0-rc4-work+ #42 Not tainted
  -------------------------------------------------------
  bash/645 is trying to acquire lock:
   (cgroup_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8110c5b7>] cgroup_lock+0x17/0x20

  but task is already holding lock:
   (cpu_hotplug.lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8109300f>] cpu_hotplug_begin+0x2f/0x60

  which lock already depends on the new lock.

  the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

 -> #1 (cpu_hotplug.lock){+.+.+.}:
         lock_acquire+0x97/0x1e0
         mutex_lock_nested+0x61/0x3b0
         get_online_cpus+0x3c/0x60
         rebuild_sched_domains_locked+0x1b/0x70
         cpuset_write_resmask+0x298/0x2c0
         cgroup_file_write+0x1ef/0x300
         vfs_write+0xa8/0x160
         sys_write+0x52/0xa0
         system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b

 -> #0 (cgroup_mutex){+.+.+.}:
         __lock_acquire+0x14ce/0x1d20
         lock_acquire+0x97/0x1e0
         mutex_lock_nested+0x61/0x3b0
         cgroup_lock+0x17/0x20
         cpuset_handle_hotplug+0x1b/0x560
         cpuset_update_active_cpus+0xe/0x10
         cpuset_cpu_inactive+0x47/0x50
         notifier_call_chain+0x66/0x150
         __raw_notifier_call_chain+0xe/0x10
         __cpu_notify+0x20/0x40
         _cpu_down+0x7e/0x2f0
         cpu_down+0x36/0x50
         store_online+0x5d/0xe0
         dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
         sysfs_write_file+0xe0/0x150
         vfs_write+0xa8/0x160
         sys_write+0x52/0xa0
         system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
  other info that might help us debug this:

   Possible unsafe locking scenario:

         CPU0                    CPU1
         ----                    ----
    lock(cpu_hotplug.lock);
                                 lock(cgroup_mutex);
                                 lock(cpu_hotplug.lock);
    lock(cgroup_mutex);

   *** DEADLOCK ***

  5 locks held by bash/645:
   #0:  (&buffer->mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8123bab8>] sysfs_write_file+0x48/0x150
   #1:  (s_active#42){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffff8123bb38>] sysfs_write_file+0xc8/0x150
   #2:  (x86_cpu_hotplug_driver_mutex){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff81079277>] cpu_hotplug_driver_lock+0x1
+7/0x20
   #3:  (cpu_add_remove_lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff81093157>] cpu_maps_update_begin+0x17/0x20
   #4:  (cpu_hotplug.lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8109300f>] cpu_hotplug_begin+0x2f/0x60

  stack backtrace:
  Pid: 645, comm: bash Not tainted 3.7.0-rc4-work+ #42
  Call Trace:
   print_circular_bug+0x28e/0x29f
   __lock_acquire+0x14ce/0x1d20
   lock_acquire+0x97/0x1e0
   mutex_lock_nested+0x61/0x3b0
   cgroup_lock+0x17/0x20
   cpuset_handle_hotplug+0x1b/0x560
   cpuset_update_active_cpus+0xe/0x10
   cpuset_cpu_inactive+0x47/0x50
   notifier_call_chain+0x66/0x150
   __raw_notifier_call_chain+0xe/0x10
   __cpu_notify+0x20/0x40
   _cpu_down+0x7e/0x2f0
   cpu_down+0x36/0x50
   store_online+0x5d/0xe0
   dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
   sysfs_write_file+0xe0/0x150
   vfs_write+0xa8/0x160
   sys_write+0x52/0xa0
   system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: NFengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Clarify error messages and correct a few typos in the transparent hugepage
sysfs init code.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Eder <jeder@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NRafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Memory returned to free_contig_range() must have no other references.
Let kernel to complain loudly if page reference count is not equal to 1.

[rientjes@google.com: support sparsemem]
Signed-off-by: NMarek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The system uses global_dirtyable_memory() to calculate number of
dirtyable pages/pages that can be allocated to the page cache.  A bug
causes an underflow thus making the page count look like a big unsigned
number.  This in turn confuses the dirty writeback throttling to
aggressively write back pages as they become dirty (usually 1 page at a
time).  This generally only affects systems with highmem because the
underflowed count gets subtracted from the global count of dirtyable
memory.

The problem was introduced with v3.2-4896-gab8fabd4

Fix is to ensure we don't get an underflowed total of either highmem or
global dirtyable memory.
Signed-off-by: NSonny Rao <sonnyrao@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NPuneet Kumar <puneetster@chromium.org>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: NDamien Wyart <damien.wyart@free.fr>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

isolate_freepages_block() and isolate_migratepages_range() are used for
CMA as well as compaction so it breaks build for CONFIG_CMA &&
!CONFIG_COMPACTION.

This patch fixes it.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add "do { } while (0)", per Mel]
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Removed vmtruncate
Signed-off-by: NMarco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

The rmap walks in ksm.c are like those in rmap.c: they can safely be
done with anon_vma_lock_read().
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

On a 4GB RAM machine, where Normal zone is much smaller than DMA32 zone,
the Normal zone gets fragmented in time.  This requires relatively more
pressure in balance_pgdat to get the zone above the required watermark.
Unfortunately, the congestion_wait() call in there slows it down for a
completely wrong reason, expecting that there's a lot of
writeback/swapout, even when there's none (much more common).  After a
few days, when fragmentation progresses, this flawed logic translates to
a very high CPU iowait times, even though there's no I/O congestion at
all.  If THP is enabled, the problem occurs sooner, but I was able to
see it even on !THP kernels, just by giving it a bit more time to occur.

The proper way to deal with this is to not wait, unless there's
congestion.  Thanks to Mel Gorman, we already have the function that
perfectly fits the job.  The patch was tested on a machine which nicely
revealed the problem after only 1 day of uptime, and it's been working
great.
Signed-off-by: NZlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Neil found that if too_many_isolated() returns true while performing
direct reclaim we can end up waiting for other threads to complete their
direct reclaim.  If those threads are allowed to enter the FS or IO to
free memory, but this thread is not, then it is possible that those
threads will be waiting on this thread and so we get a circular deadlock.

some task enters direct reclaim with GFP_KERNEL
  => too_many_isolated() false
    => vmscan and run into dirty pages
      => pageout()
        => take some FS lock
          => fs/block code does GFP_NOIO allocation
            => enter direct reclaim again
              => too_many_isolated() true
                => waiting for others to progress, however the other
                   tasks may be circular waiting for the FS lock..

The fix is to let !__GFP_IO and !__GFP_FS direct reclaims enjoy higher
priority than normal ones, by lowering the throttle threshold for the
latter.

Allowing ~1/8 isolated pages in normal is large enough.  For example, for
a 1GB LRU list, that's ~128MB isolated pages, or 1k blocked tasks (each
isolates 32 4KB pages), or 64 blocked tasks per logical CPU (assuming 16
logical CPUs per NUMA node).  So it's not likely some CPU goes idle
waiting (when it could make progress) because of this limit: there are
much more sleeping reclaim tasks than the number of CPU, so the task may
well be blocked by some low level queue/lock anyway.

Now !GFP_IOFS reclaims won't be waiting for GFP_IOFS reclaims to progress.
 They will be blocked only when there are too many concurrent !GFP_IOFS
reclaims, however that's very unlikely because the IO-less direct reclaims
is able to progress much more faster, and they won't deadlock each other.
The threshold is raised high enough for them, so that there can be
sufficient parallel progress of !GFP_IOFS reclaims.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Torsten Kaiser <just.for.lkml@googlemail.com>
Tested-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>