Commit  b821eaa5 broke partition
detection for md arrays.

The logic was almost right.  However if revalidate_disk is called
when the device is not yet open, bdev->bd_disk won't be set, so the
flush_disk() Call will not set bd_invalidated.

So when md_open is called we still need to ensure that
->bd_invalidated gets set.  This is easily done with a call to
check_disk_size_change in the place where the offending commit removed
check_disk_change.  At the important times, the size will have changed
from 0 to non-zero, so check_disk_size_change will set bd_invalidated.
Tested-by: NDuncan <1i5t5.duncan@cox.net>
Reported-by: NDuncan <1i5t5.duncan@cox.net>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The problem.  When implementing a network namespace I need to be able
to have multiple network devices with the same name.  Currently this
is a problem for /sys/class/net/*, /sys/devices/virtual/net/*, and
potentially a few other directories of the form /sys/ ... /net/*.

What this patch does is to add an additional tag field to the
sysfs dirent structure.  For directories that should show different
contents depending on the context such as /sys/class/net/, and
/sys/devices/virtual/net/ this tag field is used to specify the
context in which those directories should be visible.  Effectively
this is the same as creating multiple distinct directories with
the same name but internally to sysfs the result is nicer.

I am calling the concept of a single directory that looks like multiple
directories all at the same path in the filesystem tagged directories.

For the networking namespace the set of directories whose contents I need
to filter with tags can depend on the presence or absence of hotplug
hardware or which modules are currently loaded.  Which means I need
a simple race free way to setup those directories as tagged.

To achieve a reace free design all tagged directories are created
and managed by sysfs itself.

Users of this interface:
- define a type in the sysfs_tag_type enumeration.
- call sysfs_register_ns_types with the type and it's operations
- sysfs_exit_ns when an individual tag is no longer valid

- Implement mount_ns() which returns the ns of the calling process
  so we can attach it to a sysfs superblock.
- Implement ktype.namespace() which returns the ns of a syfs kobject.

Everything else is left up to sysfs and the driver layer.

For the network namespace mount_ns and namespace() are essentially
one line functions, and look to remain that.

Tags are currently represented a const void * pointers as that is
both generic, prevides enough information for equality comparisons,
and is trivial to create for current users, as it is just the
existing namespace pointer.

The work needed in sysfs is more extensive.  At each directory
or symlink creating I need to check if the directory it is being
created in is a tagged directory and if so generate the appropriate
tag to place on the sysfs_dirent.  Likewise at each symlink or
directory removal I need to check if the sysfs directory it is
being removed from is a tagged directory and if so figure out
which tag goes along with the name I am deleting.

Currently only directories which hold kobjects, and
symlinks are supported.  There is not enough information
in the current file attribute interfaces to give us anything
to discriminate on which makes it useless, and there are
no potential users which makes it an uninteresting problem
to solve.
Signed-off-by: NEric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: NBenjamin Thery <benjamin.thery@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Devices which know that they are spares do not really need to have
an event count that matches the rest of the array, so there are no
data-in-sync issues. It is enough that the uuid matches.
So remove the requirement that the event count is up-to-date.

We currently still write out and event count on spares, but this
allows us in a year or 3 to stop doing that completely.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When updating the event count for a simple clean <-> dirty transition,
we try to avoid updating the spares so they can safely spin-down.
As the event_counts across an array must be +/- 1, this means
decrementing the event_count on a dirty->clean transition.
This is not always safe and we have to avoid the unsafe time.
We current do this with a misguided idea about it being safe or
not depending on whether the event_count is odd or even.  This
approach only works reliably in a few common instances, but easily
falls down.

So instead, simply keep internal state concerning whether it is safe
or not, and always assume it is not safe when an array is first
assembled.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Some time ago we stopped the clean/active metadata updates
from being written to a 'spare' device in most cases so that
it could spin down and say spun down.  Device failure/removal
etc are still recorded on spares.

However commit 51d5668c broke this 50% of the time,
depending on whether the event count is even or odd.
The change log entry said:

   This means that the alignment between 'odd/even' and
    'clean/dirty' might take a little longer to attain,

how ever the code makes no attempt to create that alignment, so it
could take arbitrarily long.

So when we find that clean/dirty is not aligned with odd/even,
force a second metadata-update immediately.  There are already cases
where a second metadata-update is needed immediately (e.g. when a
device fails during the metadata update).  We just piggy-back on that.
Reported-by: NJoe Bryant <tenminjoe@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

e.g. allow md to interpret 'echo 4 > md/level' as a request for raid4.
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

Level modifications change the output of mdstat.  The mdmon manager
thread is interested in these events for external metadata management.
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

This is
 - unnecessary because mddev_suspend is always followed by a call to
   ->stop, and each ->stop unregisters the thread, and
 - a problem as it makes it awkwards to suspend and then resume a
   device as we will want later.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This is a simple factorisation that makes mddev_find easier to read.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

We used to pass the personality make_request function direct
to the block layer so the first argument had to be a queue.
But now we have the intermediary md_make_request so it makes
at lot more sense to pass a struct mddev_s.
It makes it possible to have an mddev without its own queue too.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This moves the call to the other side of set_readonly, but that should
not be an issue.
This encapsulates in 'md_stop' all of the functionality for internally
stopping the array, leaving all the interactions with externalities
(sysfs, request_queue, gendisk) in do_md_stop.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Using do_md_stop to set an array to read-only is a little confusing.
Now most of the common code has been factored out, split
md_set_readonly off in to a separate function.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Further refactoring of do_md_stop.
This one requires some explanation as it takes code from different
places in do_md_stop, so some re-ordering happens.

We only get into this part of do_md_stop if there are no active opens
of the device, so no writes can be happening and the device must have
been flushed.  In md_stop_writes we want to stop any internal sources
of writes - i.e. resync - and flush out the metadata.

The only code that was previously before some of this code is
code to clean up the queue, the mddev, the gendisk, or sysfs, all
of which is probably better after code that makes active changes (i.e.
triggers writes).
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

do_md_stop is large and clunky, so hard to understand.

This is a first step of refactoring, pulling two simple
sub-functions out.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

As part of relaxing the binding between an mddev and gendisk,
we separate do_md_run into two functions.
  md_run does all the work internal to md
  do_md_run calls md_run and makes and changes to gendisk
     that are required.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

We set ->changed to 1 and call check_disk_change at the end
of md_open so that bd_invalidated would be set and thus
partition rescan would happen appropriately.

Now that we call revalidate_disk directly, which sets bd_invalidates,
that indirection is no longer needed and can be removed.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Using ->array_sectors rather than get_capacity() is more
direct and is a step towards relaxing the tight connection
between mddev and gendisk.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

While I generally prefer letting personalities do as much as possible,
given that we have a central md_make_request anyway we may as well use
it to simplify code.
Also this centralises knowledge of ->gendisk which will help later.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Level changes can be very significant, so make sure
to notify them via sysfs.
Signed-off-by: NMaciej Trela <maciej.trela@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When metadata is being managed by user-space, md doesn't know
what the maximum number of devices allowed in an array is
so ->max_disks is 0.  In this case we should allow any (+ve)
number of disks.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Writing "none" to "../md/dev-xx/slot" removes that device
from being an active part of the array, but it didn't
set ->raid_disk to -1 to record this fact.
Signed-off-by: NMaciej Trela <Maciej.Trela@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Signed-off-by: NMaciej Trela <maciej.trela@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Signed-off-by: NMaciej Trela <maciej.trela@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This was needed when sysfs files could only be 'notified'
from process context.  Now that we have sys_notify_direct,
we can call it directly from an interrupt.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Some levels expect the 'redundancy group' to be present,
others don't.
So when we change level of an array we might need to
add or remove this group.

This requires fixing up the current practice of overloading ->private
to indicate (when ->pers == NULL) that something needs to be removed.
So create a new ->to_remove to fill that role.

When changing levels, we may need to add or remove attributes.  When
changing RAID5 -> RAID6, we both add and remove the same thing.  It is
important to catch this and optimise it out as the removal is delayed
until a lock is released, so trying to add immediately would cause
problems.


Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When an array is stopped we need to remove some
sysfs files which are dependent on the type of array.

We need to delay that deletion as deleting them while holding
reconfig_mutex can lead to deadlocks.

We currently delay them until the array is completely destroyed.
However it is possible to deactivate and then reactivate the array.
It is also possible to need to remove sysfs files when changing level,
which can potentially happen several times before an array is
destroyed.

So we need to delete these files more promptly: as soon as
reconfig_mutex is dropped.

We need to ensure this happens before do_md_run can restart the array,
so we use open_mutex for some extra locking.  This is not deadlock
prone.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When the user sets the block device to readwrite then the mddev should
follow suit.  Otherwise, the BUG_ON in md_write_start() will be set to
trigger.

The reverse direction, setting mddev->ro to match a set readonly
request, can be ignored because the blkdev level readonly flag precludes
the need to have mddev->ro set correctly.  Nevermind the fact that
setting mddev->ro to 1 may fail if the array is in use.

Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Some time ago we stopped the clean/active metadata updates
from being written to a 'spare' device in most cases so that
it could spin down and say spun down.  Device failure/removal
etc are still recorded on spares.

However commit 51d5668c broke this 50% of the time,
depending on whether the event count is even or odd.
The change log entry said:

   This means that the alignment between 'odd/even' and
    'clean/dirty' might take a little longer to attain,

how ever the code makes no attempt to create that alignment, so it
could take arbitrarily long.

So when we find that clean/dirty is not aligned with odd/even,
force a second metadata-update immediately.  There are already cases
where a second metadata-update is needed immediately (e.g. when a
device fails during the metadata update).  We just piggy-back on that.
Reported-by: NJoe Bryant <tenminjoe@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h

percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files.  percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.

percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed.  Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability.  As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.

  http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py

The script does the followings.

* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
  only the necessary includes are there.  ie. if only gfp is used,
  gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.

* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
  blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
  to its surrounding.  It's put in the include block which contains
  core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
  alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
  doesn't seem to be any matching order.

* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
  because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
  an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
  file.

The conversion was done in the following steps.

1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
   over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
   and ~3000 slab.h inclusions.  The script emitted errors for ~400
   files.

2. Each error was manually checked.  Some didn't need the inclusion,
   some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
   embedding .c file was more appropriate for others.  This step added
   inclusions to around 150 files.

3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
   from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.

4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
   e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
   APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.

5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
   editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
   files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell.  Most gfp.h
   inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
   wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros.  Each
   slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
   necessary.

6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.

7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
   were fixed.  CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
   distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
   more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
   build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).

   * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
   * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
   * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
   * ia64 SMP allmodconfig
   * s390 SMP allmodconfig
   * alpha SMP allmodconfig
   * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig

8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
   a separate patch and serve as bisection point.

Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>

Constify struct sysfs_ops.

This is part of the ops structure constification
effort started by Arjan van de Ven et al.

Benefits of this constification:

 * prevents modification of data that is shared
   (referenced) by many other structure instances
   at runtime

 * detects/prevents accidental (but not intentional)
   modification attempts on archs that enforce
   read-only kernel data at runtime

 * potentially better optimized code as the compiler
   can assume that the const data cannot be changed

 * the compiler/linker move const data into .rodata
   and therefore exclude them from false sharing
Signed-off-by: NEmese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Teigland <teigland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMatt Domsch <Matt_Domsch@dell.com>
Acked-by: NMaciej Sosnowski <maciej.sosnowski@intel.com>
Acked-by: NHans J. Koch <hjk@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NStephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

======
This fix is related to
    http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15142
but does not address that exact issue.
======

sysfs does like attributes being removed while they are being accessed
(i.e. read or written) and waits for the access to complete.

As accessing some md attributes takes the same lock that is held while
removing those attributes a deadlock can occur.

This patch addresses 3 issues in md that could lead to this deadlock.

Two relate to calling flush_scheduled_work while the lock is held.
This is probably a bad idea in general and as we use schedule_work to
delete various sysfs objects it is particularly bad.

In one case flush_scheduled_work is called from md_alloc (called by
md_probe) called from do_md_run which holds the lock.  This call is
only present to ensure that ->gendisk is set.  However we can be sure
that gendisk is always set (though possibly we couldn't when that code
was originally written.  This is because do_md_run is called in three
different contexts:
  1/ from md_ioctl.  This requires that md_open has succeeded, and it
     fails if ->gendisk is not set.
  2/ from writing a sysfs attribute.  This can only happen if the
     mddev has been registered in sysfs which happens in md_alloc
     after ->gendisk has been set.
  3/ from autorun_array which is only called by autorun_devices, which
     checks for ->gendisk to be set before calling autorun_array.
So the call to md_probe in do_md_run can be removed, and the check on
->gendisk can also go.


In the other case flush_scheduled_work is being called in do_md_stop,
purportedly to wait for all md_delayed_delete calls (which delete the
component rdevs) to complete.  However there really isn't any need to
wait for them - they have already been disconnected in all important
ways.

The third issue is that raid5->stop() removes some attribute names
while the lock is held.  There is already some infrastructure in place
to delay attribute removal until after the lock is released (using
schedule_work).  So extend that infrastructure to remove the
raid5_attrs_group.

This does not address all lockdep issues related to the sysfs
"s_active" lock.  The rest can be address by splitting that lockdep
context between symlinks and non-symlinks which hopefully will happen.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

If two arrays share a device, then they will not both resync at the
same time.  One will wait for the other to complete.
While waiting, the MD_RECOVERY_INTR flag is not checked so a device
failure, which would make the resync pointless, does not cause the
resync to abort, so the failed device cannot be removed (as it cannot
be remove while a resync is happening).

So add a test for MD_RECOVERY_INTR.
Reported-by: NBrett Russ <bruss@netezza.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Since commit dfc70645,
->hot_remove_disks has not removed non-failed devices from
an array until recovery is no longer possible.
So the code in do_md_run to get around the fact that
md_check_recovery (which calls ->hot_remove_disks) would
remove partially-in-sync devices is no longer needed.

So remove it.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

By default md_do_sync() will perform recovery if no other actions are
specified.  However, action_show() relies on MD_RECOVERY_RECOVER to be
set otherwise it returns 'idle'.  So, add a missing set
MD_RECOVERY_RECOVER when starting recovery.
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The start_ro modules parameter can be used to force arrays to be
started in 'auto-readonly' in which they are read-only until the first
write.  This ensures that no resync/recovery happens until something
else writes to the device.  This is important for resume-from-disk
off an md array.

However if an array is started 'readonly' (by writing 'readonly' to
the 'array_state' sysfs attribute) we want it to be really 'readonly',
not 'auto-readonly'.

So strengthen the condition to only set auto-readonly if the
array is not already read-only.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

evms configures md arrays by:
  open device
  send ioctl
  close device

for each different ioctl needed.
Since 2.6.29, the device can disappear after the 'close'
unless a significant configuration has happened to the device.
The change made by "SET_ARRAY_INFO" can too minor to stop the device
from disappearing, but important enough that losing the change is bad.

So: make sure SET_ARRAY_INFO sets mddev->ctime, and keep the device
active as long as ctime is non-zero (it gets zeroed with lots of other
things when the array is stopped).

This is suitable for -stable kernels since 2.6.29.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

Signed-off-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Makes use of skip_spaces() defined in lib/string.c for removing leading
spaces from strings all over the tree.

It decreases lib.a code size by 47 bytes and reuses the function tree-wide:
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  64688     584     592   65864   10148 (TOTALS-BEFORE)
  64641     584     592   65817   10119 (TOTALS-AFTER)

Also, while at it, if we see (*str && isspace(*str)), we can be sure to
remove the first condition (*str) as the second one (isspace(*str)) also
evaluates to 0 whenever *str == 0, making it redundant. In other words,
"a char equals zero is never a space".

Julia Lawall tried the semantic patch (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr) below,
and found occurrences of this pattern on 3 more files:
    drivers/leds/led-class.c
    drivers/leds/ledtrig-timer.c
    drivers/video/output.c

@@
expression str;
@@

( // ignore skip_spaces cases
while (*str &&  isspace(*str)) { \(str++;\|++str;\) }
|
- *str &&
isspace(*str)
)
Signed-off-by: NAndré Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@hmh.eng.br>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Samuel Ortiz <samuel@sortiz.org>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Enable external metadata arrays to manage rebuild checkpointing via a
md/dev-XXX/recovery_start attribute which reflects rdev->recovery_offset

Also update resync_start_store to allow 'none' to be written, for
consistency.
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Other walks of this list are either under rcu_read_lock() or the list
mutation lock (mddev_lock()).  This protects against the improbable case of a
disk being removed from the array at the start of md_do_sync().
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>