js-apis-data-storage.md

# Lightweight Storage

Lightweight storage provides applications with data processing capability and allows applications to perform lightweight data storage and query. Data is stored in key-value (KV) pairs. Keys are of the string type, and values can be of the number, string, or Boolean type.


> ![icon-note.gif](public_sys-resources/icon-note.gif) **NOTE**<br/>
>
> The initial APIs of this module are supported since API version 6. Newly added APIs will be marked with a superscript to indicate their earliest API version.


## Modules to Import

```
import dataStorage from '@ohos.data.storage'
```

## Attributes

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

| Name| Type| Readable| Writable| Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| MAX_KEY_LENGTH | string | Yes| No| Maximum length of a key. It is 80 bytes.|
| MAX_VALUE_LENGTH | string | Yes| No| Maximum length of a value of the string type. It is 8192 bytes.|


## dataStorage.getStorageSync

getStorageSync(path: string): Storage

Reads a file and loads the data to the **Storage** instance in synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | [Storage](#storage) | **Storage** instance used for data storage operations.|

- Example
  ```
  import dataStorage from '@ohos.data.storage'
  import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
  
  var context = featureAbility.getContext()
  context.getFilesDir((err, path) => {
      if (err) {
          console.error('getFilesDir failed. err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
          return;
      }
      console.info('getFilesDir successful. path:' + JSON.stringify(path));
      let storage = dataStorage.getStorageSync(path + '/mystore')
      storage.putSync('startup', 'auto')
      storage.flushSync()
  });
  ```


## dataStorage.getStorage

getStorage(path: string, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;Storage&gt;): void

Reads a file and loads the data to the **Storage** instance. This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the execution result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;[Storage](#storage)&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  import dataStorage from '@ohos.data.storage'
  import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
  
  var context = featureAbility.getContext()
  context.getFilesDir((err, path) => {
      if (err) {
          console.error('getFilesDir failed. err: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
          return;
      }
      console.info('getFilesDir successful. path:' + JSON.stringify(path));
      dataStorage.getStorage(path + '/mystore', function (err, storage) {
          if (err) {
              console.info("Get the storage failed, path: " + path + '/mystore')
              return;
          }
          storage.putSync('startup', 'auto')
          storage.flushSync()
      })
  });
  ```


## dataStorage.getStorage

getStorage(path: string): Promise&lt;Storage&gt;

Reads a file and loads the data to the **Storage** instance. This method uses a promise to return the execution result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;[Storage](#storage)&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  import dataStorage from '@ohos.data.storage'
  import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
  
  var context = featureAbility.getContext()
  context.getFilesDir((err, path) => {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Get the storage failed, path: " + path + '/mystore')
          return;
      }
      console.info('getFilesDir successful. path:' + JSON.stringify(path));
      let promisegetSt = dataStorage.getStorage(path + '/mystore')
      promisegetSt.then((storage) => {
          storage.putSync('startup', 'auto')
          storage.flushSync()
      }).catch((err) => {
          console.info("Get the storage failed, path: " + path + '/mystore')
      })
  });
  ```


## dataStorage.deleteStorageSync

deleteStorageSync(path: string): void

Deletes the singleton **Storage** instance of a file from the memory, and deletes the specified file, its backup file, and damaged files. After the specified files are deleted, the **Storage** instance cannot be used for data operations. Otherwise, data inconsistency will occur. This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|

- Example
  ```
  dataStorage.deleteStorageSync(path + '/mystore')
  ```


## dataStorage.deleteStorage

deleteStorage(path: string, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt;): void

Deletes the singleton **Storage** instance of a file from the memory, and deletes the specified file, its backup file, and damaged files. After the specified files are deleted, the **Storage** instance cannot be used for data operations. Otherwise, data inconsistency will occur. This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the execution result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  dataStorage.deleteStorage(path + '/mystore', function (err) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Deleted failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("Deleted successfully.")
  })
  ```


## dataStorage.deleteStorage

deleteStorage(path: string): Promise&lt;void&gt;

Deletes the singleton **Storage** instance of a file from the memory, and deletes the specified file, its backup file, and damaged files. After the specified files are deleted, the **Storage** instance cannot be used for data operations. Otherwise, data inconsistency will occur. This method uses a promise to return the execution result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;void&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promisedelSt = dataStorage.deleteStorage(path + '/mystore')
  promisedelSt.then(() => {
      console.info("Deleted successfully.")
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Deleted failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


## dataStorage.removeStorageFromCacheSync

removeStorageFromCacheSync(path: string): void

Removes the singleton **Storage** instance of a file from the cache. The removed instance cannot be used for data operations. Otherwise, data inconsistency will occur.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|

- Example
  ```
  dataStorage.removeStorageFromCacheSync(path + '/mystore')
  ```


## dataStorage.removeStorageFromCache

removeStorageFromCache(path: string, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt;): void

Removes the singleton **Storage** instance of a file from the cache. The removed instance cannot be used for data operations. Otherwise, data inconsistency will occur.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  dataStorage.removeStorageFromCache(path + '/mystore', function (err) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Removed storage from cache failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("Removed storage from cache successfully.")
  })
  ```


## dataStorage.removeStorageFromCache

removeStorageFromCache(path: string): Promise&lt;void&gt;

Removes the singleton **Storage** instance of a file from the cache. The removed instance cannot be used for data operations. Otherwise, data inconsistency will occur.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | path | string | Yes| Path of the target file.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;void&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promiserevSt = dataStorage.removeStorageFromCache(path + '/mystore')
  promiserevSt.then(() => {
      console.info("Removed storage from cache successfully.")
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Removed storage from cache failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


## Storage

Provides APIs for obtaining and modifying storage data.


### getSync

getSync(key: string, defValue: ValueType): ValueType

Obtains the value corresponding to a key. If the value is null or not in the default value format, the default value is returned.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|
  | defValue | ValueType | Yes| Default value to be returned if the value of the specified key does not exist. It can be a number, string, or Boolean value.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | ValueType | Value corresponding to the specified key. If the value is null or not in the default value format, the default value is returned.|

- Example
  ```
  let value = storage.getSync('startup', 'default')
  console.info("The value of startup is " + value)
  ```


### get

get(key: string, defValue: ValueType, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;ValueType&gt;): void

Obtains the value corresponding to a key. If the value is null or not in the default value format, the default value is returned.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|
  | defValue | ValueType | Yes| Default value to be returned. It can be a number, string, or Boolean value.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;ValueType&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.get('startup', 'default', function(err, value) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Get the value of startup failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("The value of startup is " + value)
  })
  ```


### get

get(key: string, defValue: ValueType): Promise&lt;ValueType&gt;

Obtains the value corresponding to a key. If the value is null or not in the default value format, the default value is returned.

This method uses a promise to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|
  | defValue | ValueType | Yes| Default value to be returned. It can be a number, string, or Boolean value.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;ValueType&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promiseget = storage.get('startup', 'default')
  promiseget.then((value) => {
      console.info("The value of startup is " + value)
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Get the value of startup failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


### putSync

putSync(key: string, value: ValueType): void

Obtains the **Storage** instance corresponding to the specified file, writes data to the **Storage** instance using a **Storage** API, and saves the modification using **flush()** or **flushSync()**.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data to modify. It cannot be empty.|
  | value | ValueType | Yes| New value to store. It can be a number, string, or Boolean value.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.putSync('startup', 'auto')
  ```


### put

put(key: string, value: ValueType, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt;): void

Obtains the **Storage** instance corresponding to the specified file, writes data to the **Storage** instance using a **Storage** API, and saves the modification using **flush()** or **flushSync()**.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data to modify. It cannot be empty.|
  | value | ValueType | Yes| New value to store. It can be a number, string, or Boolean value.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.put('startup', 'auto', function (err) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Put the value of startup failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("Put the value of startup successfully.")
  })
  ```


### put

put(key: string, value: ValueType): Promise&lt;void&gt;

Obtains the **Storage** instance corresponding to the specified file, writes data to the **Storage** instance using a **Storage** API, and saves the modification using **flush()** or **flushSync()**.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data to modify. It cannot be empty.|
  | value | ValueType | Yes| New value to store. It can be a number, string, or Boolean value.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;void&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promiseput = storage.put('startup', 'auto')
  promiseput.then(() => {
      console.info("Put the value of startup successfully.")
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Put the value of startup failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


### hasSync

hasSync(key: string): boolean

Checks whether the storage object contains data with a given key.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | boolean | Returns **true** if the storage object contains data with the specified key; returns **false** otherwise.|

- Example
  ```
  let isExist = storage.hasSync('startup')
  if (isExist) {
      console.info("The key of startup is contained.")
  }
  ```


### has

has(key: string, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;boolean&gt;): boolean

Checks whether the storage object contains data with a given key.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;boolean&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | boolean | Returns **true** if the storage object contains data with the specified key; returns **false** otherwise.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.has('startup', function (err, isExist) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Check the key of startup failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      if (isExist) {
          console.info("The key of startup is contained.")
      }
  })
  ```


### has

has(key: string): Promise&lt;boolean&gt;

Checks whether the storage object contains data with a given key.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;boolean&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promisehas = storage.has('startup')
  promisehas.then((isExist) => {
      if (isExist) {
          console.info("The key of startup is contained.")
      }
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Check the key of startup failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


### deleteSync

deleteSync(key: string): void

Deletes data with the specified key from this storage object.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.deleteSync('startup')
  ```


### delete

delete(key: string, callback: AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt;): void

Deletes data with the specified key from this storage object.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data. It cannot be empty.|
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.delete('startup', function (err) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Delete startup key failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("Deleted startup key successfully.")
  })
  ```


### delete

delete(key: string): Promise&lt;void&gt;

Deletes data with the specified key from this storage object.

This method uses a promise to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | key | string | Yes| Key of the data.|

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;void&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promisedel = storage.delete('startup')
  promisedel.then(() => {
      console.info("Deleted startup key successfully.")
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Delete startup key failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


### flushSync

flushSync(): void

Saves the modification of this object to the **Storage** instance and synchronizes the modification to the file.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Example
  ```
  storage.flushSync()
  ```


### flush

flush(callback: AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt;): void

Saves the modification of this object to the **Storage** instance and synchronizes the modification to the file.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.flush(function (err) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Flush to file failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("Flushed to file successfully.")
  })
  ```


### flush

flush(): Promise&lt;void&gt;

Saves the modification of this object to the **Storage** instance and synchronizes the modification to the file.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;void&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promiseflush = storage.flush()
  promiseflush.then(() => {
      console.info("Flushed to file successfully.")
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Flush to file failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


### clearSync

clearSync(): void

Clears this **Storage** object.

This method uses a synchronous mode.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Example
  ```
  storage.clearSync()
  ```


### clear

clear(callback: AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt;): void

Clears this **Storage** object.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | callback | AsyncCallback&lt;void&gt; | Yes| Callback used to return the execution result.|

- Example
  ```
  storage.clear(function (err) {
      if (err) {
          console.info("Clear to file failed with err: " + err)
          return
      }
      console.info("Cleared to file successfully.")
  })
  ```


### clear

clear(): Promise&lt;void&gt;

Clears this **Storage** object.

This method uses an asynchronous callback to return the result.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Return value
  | Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- |
  | Promise&lt;void&gt; | Promise used to return the result.|

- Example
  ```
  let promiseclear = storage.clear()
  promiseclear.then(() => {
      console.info("Cleared to file successfully.")
  }).catch((err) => {
      console.info("Clear to file failed with err: " + err)
  })
  ```


### on('change')

on(type: 'change', callback: Callback&lt;StorageObserver&gt;): void

Subscribes to data changes. The **StorageObserver** needs to be implemented. When the value of the key subscribed to is changed, a callback will be invoked after **flush()** or **flushSync()** is executed.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | type | string | Event type. The value **change** indicates data change events.|
  | callback | Callback&lt;[StorageObserver](#storageobserver)&gt; | Callback used to return data changes.|

- Example
  ```
  var observer = function (key) {
      console.info("The key of " + key + " changed.")
  }
  storage.on('change', observer)
  storage.putSync('startup', 'auto')
  storage.flushSync()  // observer will be called.
  ```


### off('change')

off(type: 'change', callback: Callback&lt;StorageObserver&gt;): void

Unsubscribes from data changes.

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

- Parameters
  | Name| Type| Description|
  | -------- | -------- | -------- |
  | type | string | Event type. The value **change** indicates data change events.|
  | callback | Callback&lt;[StorageObserver](#storageobserver)&gt; | Callback used to return data changes.|

- Example
  ```
  var observer = function (key) {
      console.info("The key of " + key + " changed.")
  }
  storage.off('change', observer)
  ```


## StorageObserver

**System capability**: SystemCapability.DistributedDataManager.Preferences.Core

| Name| Type| Mandatory| Description|
| -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| key | string | No| Data changed.|