driver-peripherals-camera-des.md

# Camera

## Overview
### Function

The OpenHarmony camera driver model provides the camera hardware device interface (HDI) and the camera pipeline model to manage camera devices.
The camera driver model is divided into three layers:

+ HDI implementation layer: implements standard ohos (OpenHarmony operating system) APIs for cameras.
+ Framework layer: interacts with the HDI implementation layer to set up data channels and operate camera devices.
+ Device adaptation layer: supports different platforms by shielding the differences in underlying chips and operating systems.

### Working Principles

The camera module is used to initialize services and devices, set up data channels, and configure, create, deliver, and capture streams. The following figure shows the camera driver model.

**Figure 1** HDF-based camera driver model

![](figures/camera-driver-model-architecture.png)

1. When the system starts, the camera_host process is created. The process enumerates underlying devices, creates a **DeviceManager** instance (to manage the device tree), an object for each underlying device, and a **CameraHost** instance, and registers the **CameraHost** instance with the user-mode HDF (UHDF) service. Through the UHDF service, the camera service can obtain the underlying **CameraDeviceHost** services to operate the hardware devices. The **DeviceManager** instance can also be created by using the configuration table.

2. The Camera Service obtains the **CameraHost** instance through the CameraDeviceHost service. 

   The **CameraHost** instance can be used to obtain the underlying camera capabilities, turn on the flashlight, call **Open()** to start a camera and set up a connection with the camera, create a **DeviceManager** instance (to power on the hardware modules), and create a **CameraDevice** instance (to provide the device control interface for the upper layer). 

   When the **CameraDevice** instance is created, the PipelineCore modules will be instantiated. The StreamPipelineCore module creates pipelines, and the MetaQueueManager module reports metadata.

3. The Camera Service configures stream and creates a **Stream** class through the CameraDevice module. The StreamPipelineStrategy module creates the node connection mode of the corresponding stream by using the mode issued by the upper layer and querying the configuration table. The StreamPipelineBuilder module creates a node and returns the pipeline to the StreamPipelineDispatcher module through the connection. The StreamPipelineDispatcher module dispatches pipelines.

4. The Camera Service controls the stream operations through the **Stream** instance. 

   **AttachBufferQueue()** delivers the buffer queue requested from the display module to the bottom layer. The CameraDeviceDriverModel manages the buffer. After **Capture()** is called to deliver commands, the bottom layer transfers the buffer to the upper layer. The Image Signal Processor (ISP) node obtains a specified number of buffers from the buffer queue and delivers the buffers to the bottom-layer ISP hardware. After filling the buffers, the ISP hardware transfers the buffers to the CameraDeviceDriverModel. The CameraDeviceDriverModel fills the created pipeline with the received buffers by using a loop thread. Each node processes the pipeline data and transfers the data to the upper layer in a callback. At the same time, the buffers are freed to the buffer queue for reuse.

5. The Camera Service delivers the photographing command through **Capture()**. **ChangeToOfflineStream()** is used to query the position of the photographing buffer. If the ISP hardware has output an image and sent the image data to the IPP node, the common photographing stream can be converted into an offline stream. Otherwise, the close process is executed. **ChangeToOfflineStream()** passes **StreamInfo** to enable the offline stream to obtain the stream information of the common stream, determines the node connection mode of the offline stream based on the configuration table, and creates the node connection for the offline stream (if the node connection has been created, the node required by the non-offline stream will be closed by **CloseCamera**.) When the buffer is transferred from the  pipeline to the upper layer, the pipeline resources are released.

6. The Camera Service sends the **CaptureSetting** parameter to the CameraDeviceDriverModel through **UpdateSettings()** of the **CameraDevice** instance. The CameraDeviceDriverModel forwards the parameter to each node through the StreamPipelineDispatcher module. The **CaptureSetting** parameter carried in **StartStreamingCapture()** and **Capture()** is forwarded to the node to which the stream belongs through the StreamPipelineDispatcher module.

7. The Camera Service uses **EnableResult()** and **DisableResult()** to control the reporting of underlying metadata. If the underlying metadata needs to be reported, the pipeline creates a buffer queue in the CameraDeviceDriverModel to collect and transfer metadata, queries the configuration table based on the StreamPipelineStrategy module, and creates and connects to the specified node through the StreamPipelineBuilder module. The MetaQueueManager module delivers the buffer to the bottom layer, and the bottom-layer node fills in data. The MetaQueueManager module then invokes the upper-layer callback to transfer the data to the upper layer.

8. The Camera Service calls **Close()** of the **CameraDevice** class, and the **CameraDevice** instance calls the corresponding DeviceManager module to power off each hardware. If an offline stream exists in the subpipeline of the IPP node, the offline stream must be reserved until the execution is complete.

9. To implement dynamic frame control, a CollectBuffer thread is started in the StreamOperator. The CollectBuffer thread obtains a buffer from the buffer queue of each stream. If the frame rate of a stream needs to be controlled (1/n of the sensor output frame rate), the CollectBuffer thread can control the buffer packaging of each frame as required, and determine whether to collect the buffer of the stream. For example, if the output frame rate of the sensor is 120 fps and the preview stream frame rate is 30 fps, the CollectBuffer thread collects the buffer of the preview stream every 4 fps.

   

## Development Guidelines


### When to Use

The camera module encapsulates camera operations in camera preview, photographing, and video streams to implement camera hardware operations and improve development efficiency.

### Available APIs

The following table describes the C++ APIs generated from the Interface Definition Language (IDL) interface description. For details about the interface declaration, see the .idl file in **/drivers/interface/camera/v1_0/**.        
The parameters passed in the HDI cannot exceed the capability range obtained by **GetCameraAbility**. Even if the parameters beyond the capability range can be passed in APIs such as **UpdateSettings**, **CommitStreams**, and **Capture** with no error returned, unexpected behavior may be caused.
- icamera_device.h

  | API                 | Description                    |
  | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
  | int32_t GetStreamOperator(const sptr<IStreamOperatorCallback>& callbackObj, sptr<IStreamOperator>& streamOperator) | Obtains the stream controller.                |
  | int32_t UpdateSettings(const std::vector<uint8_t>& settings) | Updates device control parameters.            |
  | int32_t SetResultMode(ResultCallbackMode mode) | Sets the result callback mode and function.|
  | int32_t GetEnabledResults(std::vector<int32_t>& results) | Obtains the enabled ResultMeta.        |
  | int32_t EnableResult(const std::vector<int32_t>& results) | Enables specific ResultMeta.        |
  | int32_t DisableResult(const std::vector<int32_t>& results) | Disables specific ResultMeta.        |
  | int32_t Close() | Closes the camera device.              |

- icamera_device_callback.h

  | API                                                          | Description                                                  |
  | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
  | int32_t OnError(ErrorType type, int32_t errorCode)           | Called when an error occurs on the camera device. The caller needs to implement this API. |
  | int32_t OnResult(uint64_t timestamp, const std::vector<uint8_t>& result) | Called to report metadata related to the camera device.      |


- icamera_host.h

  | API                                                    | Description                                         |
  | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
  | int32_t SetCallback(const sptr<ICameraHostCallback>& callbackObj) | Sets the **ICameraHostCallback** API. |
  | int32_t GetCameraIds(std::vector<std::string>& cameraIds) | Obtains the IDs of available camera devices. |
  | int32_t GetCameraAbility(const std::string& cameraId, std::vector<uint8_t>& cameraAbility) | Obtains the abilities of a camera device. |
  | int32_t OpenCamera(const std::string& cameraId, const sptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& callbackObj, sptr<ICameraDevice>& device) | Opens a camera. |
  | int32_t SetFlashlight(const std::string& cameraId, bool isEnable) | Turns on or off the flash. |

- icamera_host_callback.h

  | API                                                    | Description                                         |
  | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
  | int32_t OnCameraStatus(const std::string& cameraId, CameraStatus status) | Called to report camera status changes. |
  | int32_t OnFlashlightStatus(const std::string& cameraId, FlashlightStatus status) | Called to report the flash status changes. |
  | int32_t OnCameraEvent(const std::string& cameraId, CameraEvent event) | Called to report a camera event. |

- ioffline_stream_operator.h

  | API                                         | Description                              |
  | ----                                         | ----                              |
  | int32_t CancelCapture(int32_t captureId)                      | Cancels a capture request. |
  | int32_t ReleaseStreams(const std::vector<int32_t>& streamIds) | Releases streams. |
  | int32_t Release()                                         | Releases all offline streams.            |

- istream_operator.h

  | API                                                    | Description                                         |
  | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
  | int32_t IsStreamsSupported(OperationMode mode,<br>const std::vector<uint8_t>& modeSetting,<br>const std::vector<StreamInfo>& infos,<br> StreamSupportType& type) | Checks whether a stream can be added. |
  | int32_t CreateStreams(const std::vector<StreamInfo>& streamInfos) | Creates streams. |
  | int32_t ReleaseStreams(const std::vector<int32_t>& streamIds) | Releases streams. |
  | int32_t CommitStreams(OperationMode mode, const std::vector<uint8_t>& modeSetting) | Configure streams. |
  | int32_t GetStreamAttributes(std::vector<StreamAttribute>& attributes) | Obtain stream attributes. |
  | int32_t AttachBufferQueue(int32_t streamId, const sptr<BufferProducerSequenceable>& bufferProducer) | Attaches a producer handle to a stream. |
  | int32_t DetachBufferQueue(int32_t streamId)                   | Detaches a producer handle from a stream. |
  | int32_t Capture(int32_t captureId, const CaptureInfo& info, bool isStreaming) | Captures images. |
  | int32_t CancelCapture(int32_t captureId)                      | Cancels a capture.    |
  | int32_t ChangeToOfflineStream(const std::vector<int32_t>& streamIds,<br>const sptr<IStreamOperatorCallback>& callbackObj,<br>sptr<IOfflineStreamOperator>& offlineOperator) | Changes a stream into an offline stream. |

- istream_operator_callback.h

  | API                                                          | Description                                     |
  | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
  | int32_t OnCaptureStarted(int32_t captureId, const std::vector<int32_t>& streamIds) | Called when a capture starts.                   |
  | int32_t OnCaptureEnded(int32_t captureId, const std::vector<CaptureEndedInfo>& infos) | Called when a capture ends.                     |
  | int32_t OnCaptureError(int32_t captureId, const std::vector<CaptureErrorInfo>& infos) | Called when an error occurs during the capture. |
  | int32_t OnFrameShutter(int32_t captureId, const std::vector<int32_t>& streamIds, uint64_t timestamp) | Called when a frame is captured.                |

### How to Develop
The camera driver development procedure is as follows:

1. Register a **CameraHost** instance.

    Define the **HdfDriverEntry** structure to define the method for initializing **CameraHost**. For details about the code, see **drivers/peripheral/camera/interfaces/hdi_ipc/camera_host_driver.cpp**.
    ```c++
   struct HdfDriverEntry g_cameraHostDriverEntry = {
       .moduleVersion = 1,
       .moduleName = "camera_service",
       .Bind = HdfCameraHostDriverBind,
       .Init = HdfCameraHostDriverInit,
       .Release = HdfCameraHostDriverRelease,
   };
   HDF_INIT(g_cameraHostDriverEntry); // Register the HdfDriverEntry structure with the HDF.
   ```

2. Initialize the **CameraHost** service.

    The **HdfCameraHostDriverBind()** method defined in the **HdfDriverEntry** structure registers **CameraServiceDispatch()** and **CameraHostStubInstance()**. **CameraServiceDispatch()** is used to remotely call the **CameraHost** methods, such as **OpenCamera()** and **SetFlashlight()**. **CameraHostStubInstance()** is called during the system startup to initialize the camera.

   ```c++
   static int HdfCameraHostDriverBind(struct HdfDeviceObject *deviceObject)
   {
       HDF_LOGI("HdfCameraHostDriverBind enter");
    
       auto *hdfCameraHostHost = new (std::nothrow) HdfCameraHostHost;
       if (hdfCameraHostHost == nullptr) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s: failed to create HdfCameraHostHost object", __func__);
           return HDF_FAILURE;
       }
    
       hdfCameraHostHost->ioService.Dispatch = CameraHostDriverDispatch; // Provide a method to remotely call a CameraHost method.
       hdfCameraHostHost->ioService.Open = NULL;
       hdfCameraHostHost->ioService.Release = NULL;
    
       auto serviceImpl = ICameraHost::Get(true);
       if (serviceImpl == nullptr) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s: failed to get of implement service", __func__);
           delete hdfCameraHostHost;
           return HDF_FAILURE;
       }
    
       hdfCameraHostHost->stub = OHOS::HDI::ObjectCollector::GetInstance().GetOrNewObject(serviceImpl,
           ICameraHost::GetDescriptor()); // Initialize the camera.
       if (hdfCameraHostHost->stub == nullptr) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s: failed to get stub object", __func__);
           delete hdfCameraHostHost;
           return HDF_FAILURE;
       }
    
       deviceObject->service = &hdfCameraHostHost->ioService;
       return HDF_SUCCESS;
   }
   ```

   The following functions are the implementation of the methods of the **CameraHost**:

   ```c++
   int32_t CameraHostStub::CameraHostServiceStubOnRemoteRequest(int cmdId, MessageParcel &data,
       MessageParcel &reply, MessageOption &option)
   {
       switch(cmdId) {
           case CMD_CAMERA_HOST_SET_CALLBACK: {
               return CameraHostStubSetCallback(data, reply, option);
           }
           case CMD_CAMERA_HOST_GET_CAMERAID: {
               return CameraHostStubGetCameraIds(data, reply, option);
           }
           case CMD_CAMERA_HOST_GET_CAMERA_ABILITY: {
               return CameraHostStubGetCameraAbility(data, reply, option);
           }
           case CMD_CAMERA_HOST_OPEN_CAMERA: {
               return CameraHostStubOpenCamera(data, reply, option);
           }
           case CMD_CAMERA_HOST_SET_FLASH_LIGHT: {
               return CameraHostStubSetFlashlight(data, reply, option);
           }
           default: {
               HDF_LOGE("%s: not support cmd %d", __func__, cmdId);
               return HDF_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
           }
       }
       return HDF_SUCCESS;
   }
   ```

   **CameraHostStubInstance()** finally calls **CameraHostImpl::Init()** to obtain the physical camera and initialize the DeviceManager and PipelineCore modules.

3. Obtain the **CameraHost** service.

   Use **Get()** to obtain the **CameraHost** from the **CameraService**. The **Get()** method is as follows:

   ```c++
   sptr<ICameraHost> ICameraHost::Get(const char *serviceName)
   {
       do {
           using namespace OHOS::HDI::ServiceManager::V1_0;
           auto servMgr = IServiceManager::Get();
           if (servMgr == nullptr) {
               HDF_LOGE("%s: IServiceManager failed!", __func__);
               break;
           }
           auto remote = servMgr->GetService(serviceName);  // Obtain the CameraHost based on serviceName.
           if (remote != nullptr) {
               sptr<CameraHostProxy> hostSptr = iface_cast<CameraHostProxy>(remote); // Return the CameraHostProxy object that contains interfaces such as OpenCamera() to the caller.
               return hostSptr;
           }
           HDF_LOGE("%s: GetService failed! serviceName = %s", __func__, serviceName);
       } while(false);
       HDF_LOGE("%s: get %s failed!", __func__, serviceName);
       return nullptr;
   }
   ```

4. Open a camera device.

   The **CameraHostProxy** class provides **SetCallback()**, **GetCameraIds()**, **GetCameraAbility()**, **OpenCamera()**, and **SetFlashlight()**.

   Use **OpenCamera()** to call the remote **CameraHostStubOpenCamera()** through the **CMD_CAMERA_HOST_OPEN_CAMERA** to obtain an **ICameraDevice** object.

   ```c++
   int32_t CameraHostProxy::OpenCamera(const std::string& cameraId, const sptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& callbackObj,
       sptr<ICameraDevice>& device)
   {
       MessageParcel cameraHostData;
       MessageParcel cameraHostReply;
       MessageOption cameraHostOption(MessageOption::TF_SYNC);
    
       if (!cameraHostData.WriteInterfaceToken(ICameraHost::GetDescriptor())) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s: failed to write interface descriptor!", __func__);
           return HDF_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
       }
    
       if (!cameraHostData.WriteCString(cameraId.c_str())) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s: write cameraId failed!", __func__);
           return HDF_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
       }
    
       if (!cameraHostData.WriteRemoteObject(OHOS::HDI::ObjectCollector::GetInstance().GetOrNewObject(callbackObj, 
           ICameraDeviceCallback::GetDescriptor()))) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s: write callbackObj failed!", __func__);
           return HDF_ERR_INVALID_PARAM;
       }
    
       int32_t cameraHostRet = Remote()->SendRequest(CMD_CAMERA_HOST_OPEN_CAMERA, cameraHostData, cameraHostReply, cameraHostOption);
       if (cameraHostRet != HDF_SUCCESS) {
           HDF_LOGE("%{public}s failed, error code is %{public}d", __func__, cameraHostRet);
           return cameraHostRet;
       }
    
       device = hdi_facecast<ICameraDevice>(cameraHostReply.ReadRemoteObject());
    
       return cameraHostRet;
   }
   ```

   **Remote()->SendRequest** calls **CameraHostServiceStubOnRemoteRequest()**, locates **CameraHostStubOpenCamera()** based on **cmdId**, and finally calls **CameraHostImpl::OpenCamera()** to obtain a **CameraDevice** and power on the camera hardware.

   ```c++
   int32_t CameraHostImpl::OpenCamera(const std::string& cameraId, const sptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& callbackObj,
       sptr<ICameraDevice>& device)
   {
       CAMERA_LOGD("OpenCamera entry");
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
       if (CameraIdInvalid(cameraId) != RC_OK || callbackObj == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGW("open camera id is empty or callback is null.");
           return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       }
    
       auto itr = cameraDeviceMap_.find(cameraId);
       if (itr == cameraDeviceMap_.end()) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("camera device not found.");
           return INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
       }
       CAMERA_LOGD("OpenCamera cameraId find success.");
    
       std::shared_ptr<CameraDeviceImpl> cameraDevice = itr->second;
       if (cameraDevice == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("camera device is null.");
           return INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
       }
    
       CamRetCode ret = cameraDevice->SetCallback(callbackObj);
       CHECK_IF_NOT_EQUAL_RETURN_VALUE(ret, HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR, ret);
    
       CameraHostConfig *config = CameraHostConfig::GetInstance();
       CHECK_IF_PTR_NULL_RETURN_VALUE(config, INVALID_ARGUMENT);
    
       std::vector<std::string> phyCameraIds;
       RetCode rc = config->GetPhysicCameraIds(cameraId, phyCameraIds);
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("get physic cameraId failed.");
           return DEVICE_ERROR;
       }
       if (CameraPowerUp(cameraId, phyCameraIds) != RC_OK) { // Power on the camera hardware.
           CAMERA_LOGE("camera powerup failed.");
           CameraPowerDown(phyCameraIds);
           return DEVICE_ERROR;
       }
    
       auto sptrDevice = deviceBackup_.find(cameraId);
       if (sptrDevice == deviceBackup_.end()) {
   #ifdef CAMERA_BUILT_ON_OHOS_LITE
           deviceBackup_[cameraId] = cameraDevice;
   #else
           deviceBackup_[cameraId] = cameraDevice.get();
   #endif
       }
       device = deviceBackup_[cameraId];
       cameraDevice->SetStatus(true);
       CAMERA_LOGD("open camera success.");
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_END;
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
   }
   ```

5. Obtain streams.

   **CameraDeviceImpl** defines **GetStreamOperator()**, **UpdateSettings()**, **SetResultMode()**, and **GetEnabledResult()**. Use **GetStreamOperator()** to obtain steams.

   ```c++
   int32_t CameraDeviceImpl::GetStreamOperator(const sptr<IStreamOperatorCallback>& callbackObj,
       sptr<IStreamOperator>& streamOperator)
   {
       HDI_DEVICE_PLACE_A_WATCHDOG;
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
       if (callbackObj == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGW("input callback is null.");
           return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       }
    
       spCameraDeciceCallback_ = callbackObj;
       if (spStreamOperator_ == nullptr) {
   #ifdef CAMERA_BUILT_ON_OHOS_LITE
           // Create a spStreamOperator_ object and pass it to the caller for subsequent stream operations.
           spStreamOperator_ = std::make_shared<StreamOperator>(spCameraDeciceCallback_, shared_from_this());
   #else
           spStreamOperator_ = new(std::nothrow) StreamOperator(spCameraDeciceCallback_, shared_from_this());
   #endif
           if (spStreamOperator_ == nullptr) {
               CAMERA_LOGW("create stream operator failed.");
               return DEVICE_ERROR;
           }
           spStreamOperator_->Init();
           ismOperator_ = spStreamOperator_;
       }
       streamOperator = ismOperator_;
   #ifndef CAMERA_BUILT_ON_OHOS_LITE
       CAMERA_LOGI("CameraDeviceImpl %{public}s: line: %{public}d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
       pipelineCore_->GetStreamPipelineCore()->SetCallback(
           [this](const std::shared_ptr<CameraMetadata> &metadata) {
           OnMetadataChanged(metadata);
       });
   #endif
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_END;
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
   }
   ```

6. Create streams.

   Fill in the **StreamInfo** structure before creating streams by calling **CreateStreams()**.

   ```c++
   using StreamInfo = struct _StreamInfo {
       int streamId_; 
       int width_;                             // Stream width
       int height_;                            // Stream height
       int format_;                            // Stream format, for example, PIXEL_FMT_YCRCB_420_SP
       int dataSpace_; 
       StreamIntent intent_;                   // StreamIntent, for example, PREVIEW
       bool tunneledMode_;
       ufferProducerSequenceable bufferQueue_; // Use streamCustomer->CreateProducer() to create a buffer queue for streams.
       int minFrameDuration_;
       EncodeType encodeType_;
   };
   ```

   **CreateStreams()** is a method in the **StreamOperator** class (**StreamOperatorImpl** is the base class of **StreamOperator**). Use **CreateStreams()** to create a **StreamBase** object, which initializes operations such as **CreateBufferPool** through its **Init()** method.

   ```c++
   int32_t StreamOperator::CreateStreams(const std::vector<StreamInfo>& streamInfos)
   {
       PLACE_A_NOKILL_WATCHDOG(requestTimeoutCB_);
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
       for (const auto& it : streamInfos) {
           CHECK_IF_NOT_EQUAL_RETURN_VALUE(CheckStreamInfo(it), true, INVALID_ARGUMENT);
           CAMERA_LOGI("streamId:%{public}d and format:%{public}d and width:%{public}d and height:%{public}d",
               it.streamId_, it.format_, it.width_, it.height_);
           if (streamMap_.count(it.streamId_) > 0) {
               CAMERA_LOGE("stream [id = %{public}d] has already been created.", it.streamId_);
               return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
           }
           std::shared_ptr<IStream> stream = StreamFactory::Instance().CreateShared( // Create a stream instance.
               IStream::g_availableStreamType[it.intent_], it.streamId_, it.intent_, pipelineCore_, messenger_);
           if (stream == nullptr) {
               CAMERA_LOGE("create stream [id = %{public}d] failed.", it.streamId_);
               return INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
           }
           StreamConfiguration scg;
           StreamInfoToStreamConfiguration(scg, it);
           RetCode rc = stream->ConfigStream(scg);
           if (rc != RC_OK) {
               CAMERA_LOGE("configure stream %{public}d failed", it.streamId_);
               return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
           }
           if (!scg.tunnelMode && (it.bufferQueue_)->producer_ != nullptr) {
               CAMERA_LOGE("stream [id:%{public}d] is not tunnel mode, can't bind a buffer producer", it.streamId_);
               return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
           }
           if ((it.bufferQueue_)->producer_ != nullptr) {
               auto tunnel = std::make_shared<StreamTunnel>();
               CHECK_IF_PTR_NULL_RETURN_VALUE(tunnel, INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES);
               rc = tunnel->AttachBufferQueue((it.bufferQueue_)->producer_);
               CHECK_IF_NOT_EQUAL_RETURN_VALUE(rc, RC_OK, INVALID_ARGUMENT);
               if (stream->AttachStreamTunnel(tunnel) != RC_OK) {
                   CAMERA_LOGE("attach buffer queue to stream [id = %{public}d] failed", it.streamId_);
                   return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
               }
           }
           {
               std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(streamLock_);
               streamMap_[stream->GetStreamId()] = stream;
           }
           CAMERA_LOGI("create stream success [id:%{public}d] [type:%{public}s]", stream->GetStreamId(),
                       IStream::g_availableStreamType[it.intent_].c_str());
       }
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_END;
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
    }
   ```

7. Configure streams.

   Use **CommitStreams()** to configure streams, including initializing and creating **PipelineCore**. **CommitStreams()** must be called after streams are created.

   ```c++
   int32_t StreamOperator::CommitStreams(OperationMode mode, const std::vector<uint8_t>& modeSetting)
   {
       CAMERA_LOGV("enter");
       CHECK_IF_PTR_NULL_RETURN_VALUE(streamPipeline_, DEVICE_ERROR);
       PLACE_A_NOKILL_WATCHDOG(requestTimeoutCB_);
       if (modeSetting.empty()) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("input vector is empty");
           return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       }
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
   
       std::vector<StreamConfiguration> configs = {};
       {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(streamLock_);
           std::transform(streamMap_.begin(), streamMap_.end(), std::back_inserter(configs),
               [](auto &iter) { return iter.second->GetStreamAttribute(); });
       }
    
       std::shared_ptr<CameraMetadata> setting;
       MetadataUtils::ConvertVecToMetadata(modeSetting, setting);
       DynamicStreamSwitchMode method = streamPipeline_->CheckStreamsSupported(mode, setting, configs);
       if (method == DYNAMIC_STREAM_SWITCH_NOT_SUPPORT) {
           return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       }
       if (method == DYNAMIC_STREAM_SWITCH_NEED_INNER_RESTART) {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(streamLock_);
           for (auto it : streamMap_) {
               it.second->StopStream();
           }
       }
       {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(streamLock_);
           for (auto it : streamMap_) {
               if (it.second->CommitStream() != RC_OK) {
                   CAMERA_LOGE("commit stream [id = %{public}d] failed.", it.first);
                   return DEVICE_ERROR;
               }
           }
       }
       RetCode rc = streamPipeline_->PreConfig(setting); // Configure the device stream.
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("prepare mode settings failed");
           return DEVICE_ERROR;
       }
       rc = streamPipeline_->CreatePipeline(mode); // Create a pipeline.
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("create pipeline failed.");
           return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       }
    
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_END;
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
   }
   ```

8. Capture images.

   Fill in the **CaptureInfo** structure before calling **Capture()**.

   ```c++
   using CaptureInfo = struct _CaptureInfo {
       int[] streamIds_;                 // IDs of the streams to capture.
       unsigned char[]  captureSetting_; // Use the camera ability obtained by GetCameraAbility() of CameraHost to fill in the settings.
       bool enableShutterCallback_;
   };
   ```

   Use the **Capture()** method in **StreamOperator** to capture data streams.

   ```c++
   int32_t StreamOperator::Capture(int32_t captureId, const CaptureInfo& info, bool isStreaming)
   {
       CHECK_IF_EQUAL_RETURN_VALUE(captureId < 0, true, INVALID_ARGUMENT);
       PLACE_A_NOKILL_WATCHDOG(requestTimeoutCB_);
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
    
       for (auto id : info.streamIds_) {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(streamLock_);
           auto it = streamMap_.find(id);
           if (it == streamMap_.end()) {
               return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
           }
       }
    
       {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(requestLock_);
           auto itr = requestMap_.find(captureId);
           if (itr != requestMap_.end()) {
               return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
           }
       }
    
       std::shared_ptr<CameraMetadata> captureSetting;
       MetadataUtils::ConvertVecToMetadata(info.captureSetting_, captureSetting);
       CaptureSetting setting = captureSetting;
       auto request =
           std::make_shared<CaptureRequest>(captureId, info.streamIds_.size(), setting,
                                             info.enableShutterCallback_, isStreaming);
       for (auto id : info.streamIds_) {
           RetCode rc = streamMap_[id]->AddRequest(request);
           if (rc != RC_OK) {
               return DEVICE_ERROR;
           }
       }
    
       {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(requestLock_);
           requestMap_[captureId] = request;
       }
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
   }  
   ```

9. Cancel the capture and release the offline stream.

   Use **CancelCapture()** in the **StreamOperatorImpl** class to cancel the stream capture based on **captureId**.

   ```c++
   int32_t StreamOperator::CancelCapture(int32_t captureId)
   {
       CHECK_IF_EQUAL_RETURN_VALUE(captureId < 0, true, INVALID_ARGUMENT);
       PLACE_A_NOKILL_WATCHDOG(requestTimeoutCB_);
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
    
       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(requestLock_);
       auto itr = requestMap_.find(captureId); // Search for the CameraCapture object in the Map based on the captureId.
       if (itr == requestMap_.end()) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("can't cancel capture [id = %{public}d], this capture doesn't exist", captureId);
           return INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       }
    
       RetCode rc = itr->second->Cancel();    // Call Cancel() in CameraCapture to cancel the stream capture.
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           return DEVICE_ERROR;
       }
       requestMap_.erase(itr);                // Erase the CameraCapture object.
    
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_END;
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
   }
   ```

   Use **ReleaseStreams()** in the **StreamOperatorImpl** class to release the streams created by using **CreateStream()** and **CommitStreams()** and destroy the pipeline.

   ```c++
   int32_t StreamOperator::ReleaseStreams(const std::vector<int32_t>& streamIds)
   {
       PLACE_A_NOKILL_WATCHDOG(requestTimeoutCB_);
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_BEGIN;
       for (auto id : streamIds) {
           std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(streamLock_);
           auto it = streamMap_.find(id);
           if (it == streamMap_.end()) {
               continue;
           }
           if (it->second->IsRunning()) {
               it->second->StopStream();
           }
           it->second->DumpStatsInfo();
           streamMap_.erase(it);
       }
    
       for (auto id : streamIds) {
           CHECK_IF_EQUAL_RETURN_VALUE(id < 0, true, INVALID_ARGUMENT);
       }
    
       DFX_LOCAL_HITRACE_END;
       return HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR;
   }
   ```

10. Close the camera device.

    Use **Close()** in the **CameraDeviceImpl** class to close the camera device. The **PowerDown()** in **DeviceManager** is called to power off the device.    

### Example

There is a [ohos_camera_demo](https://gitee.com/openharmony/drivers_peripheral/tree/master/camera/hal/test/demo) in the **/drivers/peripheral/camera/hal/test/demo** directory. After the system is started, the executable file **ohos_camera_demo** is generated in the **/vendor/bin** directory. This demo implements basic camera capabilities such as preview and photographing. 

The following uses the demo to describe how to use the HDI to implement **PreviewOn()** and **CaptureON()**.

1. Construct a **CameraDemo** object in the **main** function. This object contains methods for initializing the camera and starting, stopping, and releasing streams. The **mainDemo->InitSensors()** function is used to initialize the **CameraHost**, and the **mainDemo->InitCameraDevice()** function is used to initialize the **CameraDevice**.

   ```c++
   int main(int argc, char** argv)
   {
       RetCode rc = RC_OK;
       auto mainDemo = std::make_shared<CameraDemo>();
       rc = mainDemo->InitSensors();      // Initialize the CameraHost.
       if (rc == RC_ERROR) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("main test: mainDemo->InitSensors() error\n");
           return -1;
       }
   
       rc = mainDemo->InitCameraDevice(); // Initialize the CameraDevice.
       if (rc == RC_ERROR) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("main test: mainDemo->InitCameraDevice() error\n");
           return -1;
       }
   
       rc = PreviewOn(0, mainDemo);       // Configure and enable streams.
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("main test: PreviewOn() error demo exit");
           return -1;
       }
   
       ManuList(mainDemo, argc, argv);    // Print the menu to the console.
   
       return RC_OK;
   }
   ```

   The function used to initialize the **CameraHost** is implemented as follows, where the HDI **ICameraHost::Get()** is called to obtain the **demoCameraHost** and set the callback:

   ```c++
   RetCode OhosCameraDemo::InitSensors()
   {
       int rc = 0;
   
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: InitSensors enter");
    
       if (demoCameraHost_ != nullptr) {
           return RC_OK;
       }
   #ifdef CAMERA_BUILT_ON_OHOS_LITE
       demoCameraHost_ = OHOS::Camera::CameraHost::CreateCameraHost();
   #else
       constexpr const char *DEMO_SERVICE_NAME = "camera_service";
       demoCameraHost_ = ICameraHost::Get(DEMO_SERVICE_NAME, false);
   #endif
       if (demoCameraHost_ == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: ICameraHost::Get error");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
   #ifdef CAMERA_BUILT_ON_OHOS_LITE
       hostCallback_ = std::make_shared<DemoCameraHostCallback>();
   #else
       hostCallback_ = new DemoCameraHostCallback();
   #endif
       rc = demoCameraHost_->SetCallback(hostCallback_);
       if (rc != HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: demoCameraHost_->SetCallback(hostCallback_) error");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: InitSensors exit");
    
       return RC_OK;
   }
   ```

   The function for initializing the **CameraDevice** is implemented as follows. The **GetCameraIds(cameraIds_)**, **GetCameraAbility(cameraId, ability_)**, and **OpenCamera(cameraIds\_.front(), callback, demoCameraDevice_)** methods are used to obtain the **demoCameraHost**.

   ```c++
   RetCode OhosCameraDemo::InitCameraDevice()
   {
       int rc = 0;
    
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: InitCameraDevice enter");
    
       if (demoCameraHost_ == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: InitCameraDevice demoCameraHost_ == nullptr");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       (void)demoCameraHost_->GetCameraIds(cameraIds_);
       if (cameraIds_.empty()) {
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
       const std::string cameraId = cameraIds_.front();
       demoCameraHost_->GetCameraAbility(cameraId, cameraAbility_);
    
       MetadataUtils::ConvertVecToMetadata(cameraAbility_, ability_);
    
       GetFaceDetectMode(ability_);
       GetFocalLength(ability_);
       GetAvailableFocusModes(ability_);
       GetAvailableExposureModes(ability_);
       GetExposureCompensationRange(ability_);
       GetExposureCompensationSteps(ability_);
       GetAvailableMeterModes(ability_);
       GetAvailableFlashModes(ability_);
       GetMirrorSupported(ability_);
       GetStreamBasicConfigurations(ability_);
       GetFpsRange(ability_);
       GetCameraPosition(ability_);
       GetCameraType(ability_);
       GetCameraConnectionType(ability_);
       GetFaceDetectMaxNum(ability_);
    
   #ifdef CAMERA_BUILT_ON_OHOS_LITE
       std::shared_ptr<CameraDeviceCallback> callback = std::make_shared<CameraDeviceCallback>();
   #else
       sptr<DemoCameraDeviceCallback> callback = new DemoCameraDeviceCallback();
   #endif
       rc = demoCameraHost_->OpenCamera(cameraIds_.front(), callback, demoCameraDevice_);
       if (rc != HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR || demoCameraDevice_ == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: InitCameraDevice OpenCamera failed");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: InitCameraDevice exit");
    
       return RC_OK;
   }   
   ```

2. Implement **PreviewOn()** to configure streams, enable preview streams, and start stream capture. 

   After **PreviewOn()** is called, the camera preview channel starts running. Two streams are enabled: preview stream and capture or video stream. Only the preview stream will be captured.

   ```c++
   static RetCode PreviewOn(int mode, const std::shared_ptr<OhosCameraDemo>& mainDemo)
   {
       RetCode rc = RC_OK;
       CAMERA_LOGD("main test: PreviewOn enter");
    
       rc = mainDemo->StartPreviewStream();     // Configure the preview stream.
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("main test: PreviewOn StartPreviewStream error");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       if (mode == 0) {
           rc = mainDemo->StartCaptureStream(); // Configure the capture stream.
           if (rc != RC_OK) {
               CAMERA_LOGE("main test: PreviewOn StartCaptureStream error");
               return RC_ERROR;
           }
       } else {
           rc = mainDemo->StartVideoStream();   // Configure the video stream.
           if (rc != RC_OK) {
               CAMERA_LOGE("main test: PreviewOn StartVideoStream error");
               return RC_ERROR;
           }
       }
    
       rc = mainDemo->CaptureON(STREAM_ID_PREVIEW, CAPTURE_ID_PREVIEW, CAPTURE_PREVIEW);
       if (rc != RC_OK) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("main test: PreviewOn mainDemo->CaptureON() preview error");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       CAMERA_LOGD("main test: PreviewOn exit");
       return RC_OK;
   }           
   ```

   The **StartCaptureStream()**, **StartVideoStream()**, and **StartPreviewStream()** methods call **CreateStream()** with different input parameters.

   Use **CreateStream()** to call an HDI API to configure and create streams. Specifically, **CreateStream()** calls the HDI to obtain a **StreamOperation** object and then creates a **StreamInfo** object. Call **CreateStreams()** and **CommitStreams()** to create and configure streams.

   ```c++
   RetCode OhosCameraDemo::CreateStream(const int streamId, std::shared_ptr<StreamCustomer> &streamCustomer,
       StreamIntent intent)
   {
       int rc = 0;
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: CreateStream enter");
    
       GetStreamOpt(); // Obtain a StreamOperator object.
       if (streamOperator_ == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: CreateStream GetStreamOpt() is nullptr\n");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       StreamInfo streamInfo = {0};
    
       SetStreamInfo(streamInfo, streamCustomer, streamId, intent); // Fills in the StreamInfo stream.
       if (streamInfo.bufferQueue_->producer_ == nullptr) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: CreateStream CreateProducer(); is nullptr\n");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       std::vector<StreamInfo> streamInfos;
       streamInfos.push_back(streamInfo);
    
       rc = streamOperator_->CreateStreams(streamInfos); // Create a stream.
       if (rc != HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: CreateStream CreateStreams error\n");
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
   
       rc = streamOperator_->CommitStreams(NORMAL, cameraAbility_);
       if (rc != HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: CreateStream CommitStreams error\n");
           std::vector<int> streamIds;
           streamIds.push_back(streamId);
           streamOperator_->ReleaseStreams(streamIds);
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
   
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: CreateStream exit");
    
       return RC_OK;
   }
   ```

   Use **CaptureON()** to call the **Capture()** method of **StreamOperator** to obtain camera data, flip the buffer, and start a thread to receive data of the corresponding type.

   ```c++
   RetCode OhosCameraDemo::CaptureON(const int streamId,
       const int captureId, CaptureMode mode)
   {
       CAMERA_LOGI("demo test: CaptureON enter streamId == %{public}d and captureId == %{public}d and mode == %{public}d",
           streamId, captureId, mode);
       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> l(metaDatalock_);
       if (mode == CAPTURE_SNAPSHOT) {
           constexpr double latitude = 27.987500; // dummy data: Qomolangma latitde
           constexpr double longitude = 86.927500; // dummy data: Qomolangma longituude
           constexpr double altitude = 8848.86; // dummy data: Qomolangma altitude
           constexpr size_t entryCapacity = 100;
           constexpr size_t dataCapacity = 2000;
           captureSetting_ = std::make_shared<CameraSetting>(entryCapacity, dataCapacity);
           captureQuality_ = OHOS_CAMERA_JPEG_LEVEL_HIGH;
           captureOrientation_ = OHOS_CAMERA_JPEG_ROTATION_270;
           mirrorSwitch_ = OHOS_CAMERA_MIRROR_ON;
           gps_.push_back(latitude);
           gps_.push_back(longitude);
           gps_.push_back(altitude);
           captureSetting_->addEntry(OHOS_JPEG_QUALITY, static_cast<void*>(&captureQuality_),
               sizeof(captureQuality_));
           captureSetting_->addEntry(OHOS_JPEG_ORIENTATION, static_cast<void*>(&captureOrientation_),
               sizeof(captureOrientation_));
           captureSetting_->addEntry(OHOS_CONTROL_CAPTURE_MIRROR, static_cast<void*>(&mirrorSwitch_),
               sizeof(mirrorSwitch_));
           captureSetting_->addEntry(OHOS_JPEG_GPS_COORDINATES, gps_.data(), gps_.size());
       }
    
       std::vector<uint8_t> setting;
       MetadataUtils::ConvertMetadataToVec(captureSetting_, setting);
       captureInfo_.streamIds_ = {streamId};
       if (mode == CAPTURE_SNAPSHOT) {
           captureInfo_.captureSetting_ = setting;
       } else {
           captureInfo_.captureSetting_ = cameraAbility_;
       }
       captureInfo_.enableShutterCallback_ = false;
    
       int rc = streamOperator_->Capture(captureId, captureInfo_, true); // The capture starts, and buffer starts to flip.
       if (rc != HDI::Camera::V1_0::NO_ERROR) {
           CAMERA_LOGE("demo test: CaptureStart Capture error\n");
           streamOperator_->ReleaseStreams(captureInfo_.streamIds_);
           return RC_ERROR;
       }
    
       if (mode == CAPTURE_PREVIEW) {
           streamCustomerPreview_->ReceiveFrameOn(nullptr); // Create a preview thread to receive the passed buffer.
       } else if (mode == CAPTURE_SNAPSHOT) {
           streamCustomerCapture_->ReceiveFrameOn([this](void* addr, const uint32_t size) { // Create a capture thread to receive the passed buffer through the StoreImage callback.
               StoreImage(addr, size);
           });
       } else if (mode == CAPTURE_VIDEO) {
           OpenVideoFile();
    
           streamCustomerVideo_->ReceiveFrameOn([this](void* addr, const uint32_t size) { // Create a video thread to receive the passed buffer through the StoreImage callback.
               StoreVideo(addr, size);
           });
       }
       CAMERA_LOGD("demo test: CaptureON exit");
    
       return RC_OK;
   }
   ```

3. Implement **ManuList()** to obtain characters from the console through **fgets()**. Different characters correspond to different capabilities provided by the demo, and the functionality menu is printed.

   ```c++
   static void ManuList(const std::shared_ptr<OhosCameraDemo>& mainDemo,
       const int argc, char** argv)
   {
       int idx, c;
       bool isAwb = true;
       const char *shortOptions = "h:cwvaeqof:";
       c = getopt_long(argc, argv, shortOptions, LONG_OPTIONS, &idx);
       while (1) {
           switch (c) {
               case 'h':
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();   // Print the menu.
                   break;
               case 'f':
                   FlashLightTest(mainDemo); // Verify the flashlight capability.
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case 'o':
                   OfflineTest(mainDemo);    // Verify the offline capability.
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case 'c':
                   CaptureTest(mainDemo);    // Verify the capture capability.
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case 'w':                     // Verify the AWB capability.
                   if (isAwb) {
                       mainDemo->SetAwbMode(OHOS_CAMERA_AWB_MODE_INCANDESCENT);
                   } else {
                       mainDemo->SetAwbMode(OHOS_CAMERA_AWB_MODE_OFF);
                   }
                   isAwb = !isAwb;
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case 'a':                    // Verify the AE capability.
                   mainDemo->SetAeExpo();
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case'e':                     // Verify the metadata operations.
                   mainDemo->SetMetadata();
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case'v':                     // Verify the video function.
                   VideoTest(mainDemo);
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
               case 'q':                    // Exit the demo.
                   PreviewOff(mainDemo);
                   mainDemo->QuitDemo();
                   return;
               default:
                   CAMERA_LOGE("main test: command error please retry input command");
                   c = PutMenuAndGetChr();
                   break;
           }
       }
   }
   ```

   Use **PutMenuAndGetChr()** to print the menu of the demo and call **fgets()** to wait for commands from the console.

   ```c++
   static int PutMenuAndGetChr(void)
   {
       constexpr uint32_t inputCount = 50;
       int c = 0;
       char strs[inputCount];
       Usage(stdout);
       CAMERA_LOGD("pls input command(input -q exit this app)\n");
       fgets(strs, inputCount, stdin);
   
       for (int i = 0; i < inputCount; i++) {
           if (strs[i] != '-') {
               c = strs[i];
               break;
           }
       }
       return c;
   }
   ```

   The console outputs the menu details as follows:

   ```c++
   "Options:\n"
   "-h | --help          Print this message\n"
   "-o | --offline       stream offline test\n"
   "-c | --capture       capture one picture\n"
   "-w | --set WB        Set white balance Cloudy\n"
   "-v | --video         capture Video of 10s\n"
   "-a | --Set AE        Set Auto exposure\n"
   "-e | --Set Metadeta  Set Metadata\n"
   "-f | --Set Flashlight        Set flashlight ON 5s OFF\n"
   "-q | --quit          stop preview and quit this app\n");
   ```

4. Compile and build the **ohos_camera_demo**.        

   Add **init:ohos_camera_demo** to **deps** in the **drivers/peripheral/camera/hal/BUILD.gn** file. 

   The sample code is as follows:

   ```
   deps = [
       "buffer_manager:camera_buffer_manager",
       "device_manager:camera_device_manager",
       "hdi_impl:camera_host_service_1.0",
       "pipeline_core:camera_pipeline_core",
       "utils:camera_utils",
       "init:ohos_camera_demo",
       ]
   ```

   The following uses RK3568 development board as an example.       
   1. Run the **./build.sh --product-name rk3568 --ccache** command to generate the executable binary file **ohos_camera_demo** in **out/rk3568/packages/phone/vendor/bin/**.       
   2. Import the executable file **ohos_camera_demo** to the development board, modify the permission, and run the file.