Impact: cleanup

linux/percpu.h includes linux/slab.h, which generates circular inclusion
dependencies when trying to switch kmemtrace to use tracepoints instead
of markers.

This patch allows tracing within slab headers' inline functions.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
LKML-Reference: <1237898630.25315.83.camel@penberg-laptop>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch fixes a bug located by Vegard Nossum with the aid of
kmemcheck, updated based on review comments from Nick Piggin,
Ingo Molnar, and Andrew Morton.  And cleans up the variable-name
and function-name language.  ;-)

The boot CPU runs in the context of its idle thread during boot-up.
During this time, idle_cpu(0) will always return nonzero, which will
fool Classic and Hierarchical RCU into deciding that a large chunk of
the boot-up sequence is a big long quiescent state.  This in turn causes
RCU to prematurely end grace periods during this time.

This patch changes the rcutree.c and rcuclassic.c rcu_check_callbacks()
function to ignore the idle task as a quiescent state until the
system has started up the scheduler in rest_init(), introducing a
new non-API function rcu_idle_now_means_idle() to inform RCU of this
transition.  RCU maintains an internal rcu_idle_cpu_truthful variable
to track this state, which is then used by rcu_check_callback() to
determine if it should believe idle_cpu().

Because this patch has the effect of disallowing RCU grace periods
during long stretches of the boot-up sequence, this patch also introduces
Josh Triplett's UP-only optimization that makes synchronize_rcu() be a
no-op if num_online_cpus() returns 1.  This allows boot-time code that
calls synchronize_rcu() to proceed normally.  Note, however, that RCU
callbacks registered by call_rcu() will likely queue up until later in
the boot sequence.  Although rcuclassic and rcutree can also use this
same optimization after boot completes, rcupreempt must restrict its
use of this optimization to the portion of the boot sequence before the
scheduler starts up, given that an rcupreempt RCU read-side critical
section may be preeempted.

In addition, this patch takes Nick Piggin's suggestion to make the
system_state global variable be __read_mostly.

Changes since v4:

o	Changes the name of the introduced function and variable to
	be less emotional.  ;-)

Changes since v3:

o	WARN_ON(nr_context_switches() > 0) to verify that RCU
	switches out of boot-time mode before the first context
	switch, as suggested by Nick Piggin.

Changes since v2:

o	Created rcu_blocking_is_gp() internal-to-RCU API that
	determines whether a call to synchronize_rcu() is itself
	a grace period.

o	The definition of rcu_blocking_is_gp() for rcuclassic and
	rcutree checks to see if but a single CPU is online.

o	The definition of rcu_blocking_is_gp() for rcupreempt
	checks to see both if but a single CPU is online and if
	the system is still in early boot.

	This allows rcupreempt to again work correctly if running
	on a single CPU after booting is complete.

o	Added check to rcupreempt's synchronize_sched() for there
	being but one online CPU.

Tested all three variants both SMP and !SMP, booted fine, passed a short
rcutorture test on both x86 and Power.
Located-by: NVegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NVegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: cleanup

Expand macro into two files.

The synchronize_rcu_xxx macro is quite ugly and it's only used by two
callers, so expand it instead.  This makes this code easier to change.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch fixes a long-standing performance bug in classic RCU that
results in massive internal-to-RCU lock contention on systems with
more than a few hundred CPUs.  Although this patch creates a separate
flavor of RCU for ease of review and patch maintenance, it is intended
to replace classic RCU.

This patch still handles stress better than does mainline, so I am still
calling it ready for inclusion.  This patch is against the -tip tree.
Nevertheless, experience on an actual 1000+ CPU machine would still be
most welcome.

Most of the changes noted below were found while creating an rcutiny
(which should permit ejecting the current rcuclassic) and while doing
detailed line-by-line documentation.

Updates from v9 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/12/2/334):

o	Fixes from remainder of line-by-line code walkthrough,
	including comment spelling, initialization, undesirable
	narrowing due to type conversion, removing redundant memory
	barriers, removing redundant local-variable initialization,
	and removing redundant local variables.

	I do not believe that any of these fixes address the CPU-hotplug
	issues that Andi Kleen was seeing, but please do give it a whirl
	in case the machine is smarter than I am.

	A writeup from the walkthrough may be found at the following
	URL, in case you are suffering from terminal insomnia or
	masochism:

	http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/tmp/rcutree-walkthrough.2008.12.16a.pdf

o	Made rcutree tracing use seq_file, as suggested some time
	ago by Lai Jiangshan.

o	Added a .csv variant of the rcudata debugfs trace file, to allow
	people having thousands of CPUs to drop the data into
	a spreadsheet.	Tested with oocalc and gnumeric.  Updated
	documentation to suit.

Updates from v8 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/11/15/139):

o	Fix a theoretical race between grace-period initialization and
	force_quiescent_state() that could occur if more than three
	jiffies were required to carry out the grace-period
	initialization.  Which it might, if you had enough CPUs.

o	Apply Ingo's printk-standardization patch.

o	Substitute local variables for repeated accesses to global
	variables.

o	Fix comment misspellings and redundant (but harmless) increments
	of ->n_rcu_pending (this latter after having explicitly added it).

o	Apply checkpatch fixes.

Updates from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/10/10/291):

o	Fixed a number of problems noted by Gautham Shenoy, including
	the cpu-stall-detection bug that he was having difficulty
	convincing me was real.  ;-)

o	Changed cpu-stall detection to wait for ten seconds rather than
	three in order to reduce false positive, as suggested by Ingo
	Molnar.

o	Produced a design document (http://lwn.net/Articles/305782/).
	The act of writing this document uncovered a number of both
	theoretical and "here and now" bugs as noted below.

o	Fix dynticks_nesting accounting confusion, simplify WARN_ON()
	condition, fix kerneldoc comments, and add memory barriers
	in dynticks interface functions.

o	Add more data to tracing.

o	Remove unused "rcu_barrier" field from rcu_data structure.

o	Count calls to rcu_pending() from scheduling-clock interrupt
	to use as a surrogate timebase should jiffies stop counting.

o	Fix a theoretical race between force_quiescent_state() and
	grace-period initialization.  Yes, initialization does have to
	go on for some jiffies for this race to occur, but given enough
	CPUs...

Updates from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/23/448):

o	Fix a number of checkpatch.pl complaints.

o	Apply review comments from Ingo Molnar and Lai Jiangshan
	on the stall-detection code.

o	Fix several bugs in !CONFIG_SMP builds.

o	Fix a misspelled config-parameter name so that RCU now announces
	at boot time if stall detection is configured.

o	Run tests on numerous combinations of configurations parameters,
	which after the fixes above, now build and run correctly.

Updates from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/15/92, bad subject line):

o	Fix a compiler error in the !CONFIG_FANOUT_EXACT case (blew a
	changeset some time ago, and finally got around to retesting
	this option).

o	Fix some tracing bugs in rcupreempt that caused incorrect
	totals to be printed.

o	I now test with a more brutal random-selection online/offline
	script (attached).  Probably more brutal than it needs to be
	on the people reading it as well, but so it goes.

o	A number of optimizations and usability improvements:

	o	Make rcu_pending() ignore the grace-period timeout when
		there is no grace period in progress.

	o	Make force_quiescent_state() avoid going for a global
		lock in the case where there is no grace period in
		progress.

	o	Rearrange struct fields to improve struct layout.

	o	Make call_rcu() initiate a grace period if RCU was
		idle, rather than waiting for the next scheduling
		clock interrupt.

	o	Invoke rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() only when
		idle, as suggested by Andi Kleen.  I still don't
		completely trust this change, and might back it out.

	o	Make CONFIG_RCU_TRACE be the single config variable
		manipulated for all forms of RCU, instead of the prior
		confusion.

	o	Document tracing files and formats for both rcupreempt
		and rcutree.

Updates from v4 for those missing v5 given its bad subject line:

o	Separated dynticks interface so that NMIs and irqs call separate
	functions, greatly simplifying it.  In particular, this code
	no longer requires a proof of correctness.  ;-)

o	Separated dynticks state out into its own per-CPU structure,
	avoiding the duplicated accounting.

o	The case where a dynticks-idle CPU runs an irq handler that
	invokes call_rcu() is now correctly handled, forcing that CPU
	out of dynticks-idle mode.

o	Review comments have been applied (thank you all!!!).
	For but one example, fixed the dynticks-ordering issue that
	Manfred pointed out, saving me much debugging.  ;-)

o	Adjusted rcuclassic and rcupreempt to handle dynticks changes.

Attached is an updated patch to Classic RCU that applies a hierarchy,
greatly reducing the contention on the top-level lock for large machines.
This passes 10-hour concurrent rcutorture and online-offline testing on
128-CPU ppc64 without dynticks enabled, and exposes some timekeeping
bugs in presence of dynticks (exciting working on a system where
"sleep 1" hangs until interrupted...), which were fixed in the
2.6.27 kernel.  It is getting more reliable than mainline by some
measures, so the next version will be against -tip for inclusion.
See also Manfred Spraul's recent patches (or his earlier work from
2004 at http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=108546384711797&w=2).
We will converge onto a common patch in the fullness of time, but are
currently exploring different regions of the design space.  That said,
I have already gratefully stolen quite a few of Manfred's ideas.

This patch provides CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT, which controls the bushiness
of the RCU hierarchy.  Defaults to 32 on 32-bit machines and 64 on
64-bit machines.  If CONFIG_NR_CPUS is less than CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT,
there is no hierarchy.  By default, the RCU initialization code will
adjust CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT to balance the hierarchy, so strongly NUMA
architectures may choose to set CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_EXACT to disable
this balancing, allowing the hierarchy to be exactly aligned to the
underlying hardware.  Up to two levels of hierarchy are permitted
(in addition to the root node), allowing up to 16,384 CPUs on 32-bit
systems and up to 262,144 CPUs on 64-bit systems.  I just know that I
am going to regret saying this, but this seems more than sufficient
for the foreseeable future.  (Some architectures might wish to set
CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=4, which would limit such architectures to 64 CPUs.
If this becomes a real problem, additional levels can be added, but I
doubt that it will make a significant difference on real hardware.)

In the common case, a given CPU will manipulate its private rcu_data
structure and the rcu_node structure that it shares with its immediate
neighbors.  This can reduce both lock and memory contention by multiple
orders of magnitude, which should eliminate the need for the strange
manipulations that are reported to be required when running Linux on
very large systems.

Some shortcomings:

o	More bugs will probably surface as a result of an ongoing
	line-by-line code inspection.

	Patches will be provided as required.

o	There are probably hangs, rcutorture failures, &c.  Seems
	quite stable on a 128-CPU machine, but that is kind of small
	compared to 4096 CPUs.  However, seems to do better than
	mainline.

	Patches will be provided as required.

o	The memory footprint of this version is several KB larger
	than rcuclassic.

	A separate UP-only rcutiny patch will be provided, which will
	reduce the memory footprint significantly, even compared
	to the old rcuclassic.  One such patch passes light testing,
	and has a memory footprint smaller even than rcuclassic.
	Initial reaction from various embedded guys was "it is not
	worth it", so am putting it aside.

Credits:

o	Manfred Spraul for ideas, review comments, and bugs spotted,
	as well as some good friendly competition.  ;-)

o	Josh Triplett, Ingo Molnar, Peter Zijlstra, Mathieu Desnoyers,
	Lai Jiangshan, Andi Kleen, Andy Whitcroft, and Andrew Morton
	for reviews and comments.

o	Thomas Gleixner for much-needed help with some timer issues
	(see patches below).

o	Jon M. Tollefson, Tim Pepper, Andrew Theurer, Jose R. Santos,
	Andy Whitcroft, Darrick Wong, Nishanth Aravamudan, Anton
	Blanchard, Dave Kleikamp, and Nathan Lynch for keeping machines
	alive despite my heavy abuse^Wtesting.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: new API, useful for tracepoints and markers.

Add _notrace version to rcu_read_*_sched().
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Reviewed-by: NPaul E McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Add rcu_read_lock_sched() and rcu_read_unlock_sched() to rcupdate.h to match the
recently added write-side call_rcu_sched() and rcu_barrier_sched(). They also
match the no-so-recently-added synchronize_sched().

It will help following matching use of the update/read lock primitives. Those
new read lock will replace preempt_disable()/enable() used in pair with
RCU-classic synchronization.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Add rcu_barrier_sched() and rcu_barrier_bh().  With these in place,
rcutorture no longer gives the occasional oops when repeatedly starting
and stopping torturing rcu_bh.  Also adds the API needed to flush out
pre-existing call_rcu_sched() callbacks.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Fourth cut of patch to provide the call_rcu_sched().  This is again to
synchronize_sched() as call_rcu() is to synchronize_rcu().

Should be fine for experimental and -rt use, but not ready for inclusion.
With some luck, I will be able to tell Andrew to come out of hiding on
the next round.

Passes multi-day rcutorture sessions with concurrent CPU hotplugging.

Fixes since the first version include a bug that could result in
indefinite blocking (spotted by Gautham Shenoy), better resiliency
against CPU-hotplug operations, and other minor fixes.

Fixes since the second version include reworking grace-period detection
to avoid deadlocks that could happen when running concurrently with
CPU hotplug, adding Mathieu's fix to avoid the softlockup messages,
as well as Mathieu's fix to allow use earlier in boot.

Fixes since the third version include a wrong-CPU bug spotted by
Andrew, getting rid of the obsolete synchronize_kernel API that somehow
snuck back in, merging spin_unlock() and local_irq_restore() in a
few places, commenting the code that checks for quiescent states based
on interrupting from user-mode execution or the idle loop, removing
some inline attributes, and some code-style changes.

Known/suspected shortcomings:

o	I still do not entirely trust the sleep/wakeup logic.  Next step
	will be to use a private snapshot of the CPU online mask in
	rcu_sched_grace_period() -- if the CPU wasn't there at the start
	of the grace period, we don't need to hear from it.  And the
	bit about accounting for changes in online CPUs inside of
	rcu_sched_grace_period() is ugly anyway.

o	It might be good for rcu_sched_grace_period() to invoke
	resched_cpu() when a given CPU wasn't responding quickly,
	but resched_cpu() is declared static...

This patch also fixes a long-standing bug in the earlier preemptable-RCU
implementation of synchronize_rcu() that could result in loss of
concurrent external changes to a task's CPU affinity mask.  I still cannot
remember who reported this...
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

rcu_batches_completed and rcu_patches_completed_bh are both declared
in rcuclassic.h and rcupreempt.h. This patch removes the extra
prototypes for them from rcupdate.h.

rcu_batches_completed_bh is defined as a static inline in the rcupreempt.h
header file. Trying to export this as EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL causes linking problems
with the powerpc linker. There's no need to export a static inlined function.

Modules must be compiled with the same type of RCU implementation as the
kernel they are for.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

It actually makes much more sense there, and we do tend to need it for
non-RCU usage too.  Moving it to <linux/compiler.h> will allow some
other cases that have open-coded the same logic to use the same helper
function that RCU has used.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove the "#ifdef __KERNEL__" tests from unexported header files in
linux/include whose entire contents are wrapped in that preprocessor
test.
Signed-off-by: NRobert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The rcu_assign_pointer() primitive currently unconditionally executes a
memory barrier, even when a NULL pointer is being assigned.  This has lead
some to avoid using rcu_assign_pointer() for NULL pointers, which loses the
self-documenting advantages of rcu_assign_pointer() This patch uses
__builtin_const_p() to omit needless memory barriers for NULL-pointer
assignments at compile time with no runtime penalty, as discussed in the
following thread:

	http://www.mail-archive.com/netdev@vger.kernel.org/msg54852.html

Tested on x86_64 and ppc64, also compiled the four cases (NULL/non-NULL
and const/non-const) with gcc version 4.1.2, and hand-checked the
assembly output.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NHerbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch implements a new version of RCU which allows its read-side
critical sections to be preempted. It uses a set of counter pairs
to keep track of the read-side critical sections and flips them
when all tasks exit read-side critical section. The details
of this implementation can be found in this paper -

	http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/RCU/OLSrtRCU.2006.08.11a.pdf

and the article-

	http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/

This patch was developed as a part of the -rt kernel development and
meant to provide better latencies when read-side critical sections of
RCU don't disable preemption.  As a consequence of keeping track of RCU
readers, the readers have a slight overhead (optimizations in the paper).
This implementation co-exists with the "classic" RCU implementations
and can be switched to at compiler.

Also includes RCU tracing summarized in debugfs.

[ akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes on non-preempt architectures ]
Signed-off-by: NGautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NDipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch re-organizes the RCU code to enable multiple implementations
of RCU. Users of RCU continues to include rcupdate.h and the
RCU interfaces remain the same. This is in preparation for
subsequently merging the preemptible RCU implementation.
Signed-off-by: NGautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NDipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Turns out that compiler writers are a bit more aggressive about optimizing
than one might expect.  This patch prevents a number of such optimizations
from messing up rcu_deference().  This is not merely a theoretical problem, as
evidenced by the rmb() in mce_log().
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

lockdep annotate rcu_read_{,un}lock{,_bh} in order to catch imbalanced
usage.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

synchronize_idle() sounds like an interesting function, but we don't
actually have it, so don't prototype it.  Introduced in commit
9b06e818, in 2005.
Signed-off-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add MAINTAINERS entry for Read-Copy Update (RCU), listing Dipankar Sarma as
maintainer, and giving the URL for Paul McKenney's RCU site.  Add
MAINTAINERS entry for rcutorture, listing myself as maintainer.  Add
CREDITS entries for developers of RCU, RCU variants, and rcutorture.  Use
Paul McKenney's preferred email address in include/linux/rcupdate.h .
Signed-off-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Kill a hard-to-calculate 'rsinterval' boot parameter and per-cpu
rcu_data.last_rs_qlen.  Instead, it adds adds a flag rcu_ctrlblk.signaled,
which records the fact that one of CPUs has sent a resched IPI since the
last rcu_start_batch().

Roughly speaking, we need two rcu_start_batch()s in order to move callbacks
from ->nxtlist to ->donelist.  This means that when ->qlen exceeds qhimark
and continues to grow, we should send a resched IPI, and then do it again
after we gone through a quiescent state.

On the other hand, if it was already sent, we don't need to do it again
when another CPU detects overflow of the queue.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add __acquire annotations to rcu_read_lock and rcu_read_lock_bh, and add
__release annotations to rcu_read_unlock and rcu_read_unlock_bh.  This
allows sparse to detect improperly paired calls to these functions.
Signed-off-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add operations for the call_rcu_bh() variant of RCU.  Also add an
rcu_batches_completed_bh() function, which is needed by rcutorture.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove synchronize_kernel() (deprecated 2-APR-2005 in
http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/4/3/11) and makes the RCU API inaccessible to
non-GPL Linux kernel modules (as was announced more than one year ago in
http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/4/3/8).  Tested on x86 and ppc64.
Signed-off-by: N"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

With "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>

Introduce rcu_needs_cpu() interface.  This can be used to tell if there
will be a new rcu batch on a cpu soon by looking at the curlist pointer.
This can be used to avoid to enter a tickless idle state where the cpu
would miss that a new batch is ready when rcu_start_batch would be called
on a different cpu.
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch makes two needlessly global structs static.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch adds new tunables for RCU queue and finished batches.  There are
two types of controls - number of completed RCU updates invoked in a batch
(blimit) and monitoring for high rate of incoming RCUs on a cpu (qhimark,
qlowmark).

By default, the per-cpu batch limit is set to a small value.  If the input
RCU rate exceeds the high watermark, we do two things - force quiescent
state on all cpus and set the batch limit of the CPU to INTMAX.  Setting
batch limit to INTMAX forces all finished RCUs to be processed in one shot.
 If we have more than INTMAX RCUs queued up, then we have bigger problems
anyway.  Once the incoming queued RCUs fall below the low watermark, the
batch limit is set to the default.
Signed-off-by: NDipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Fix to broken comment to synchronize_rcu() noted by Keith Owens.  Also add
sentence noting that synchronize_sched() and synchronize_rcu() are not
necessarily identical.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Keith Owens <kaos@sgi.com>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch moves rcu_state into the rcu_ctrlblk. I think there
are no reasons why we should have 2 different variables to control
rcu state. Every user of rcu_state has also "rcu_ctrlblk *rcp" in
the parameter list.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

__rcu_pending() is rather fat and called twice from rcu_pending().

rcu_pending() has multiple callers, and not that small too.

This patch uninlines both of them.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

____cacheline_maxaligned_in_smp is currently used to align critical structures
and avoid false sharing.  It uses per-arch L1_CACHE_SHIFT_MAX and people find
L1_CACHE_SHIFT_MAX useless.

However, we have been using ____cacheline_maxaligned_in_smp to align
structures on the internode cacheline size.  As per Andi's suggestion,
following patch kills ____cacheline_maxaligned_in_smp and introduces
INTERNODE_CACHE_SHIFT, which defaults to L1_CACHE_SHIFT for all arches.
Arches needing L3/Internode cacheline alignment can define
INTERNODE_CACHE_SHIFT in the arch asm/cache.h.  Patch replaces
____cacheline_maxaligned_in_smp with ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp

With this patch, L1_CACHE_SHIFT_MAX can be killed
Signed-off-by: NRavikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: NShai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This introduces a new interface - rcu_barrier() which waits until all
the RCUs queued until this call have been completed.

Reiser4 needs this, because we do more than just freeing memory object
in our RCU callback: we also remove it from the list hanging off
super-block.  This means, that before freeing reiser4-specific portion
of super-block (during umount) we have to wait until all pending RCU
callbacks are executed.

The only change of reiser4 made to the original patch, is exporting of
rcu_barrier().

Cc: Hans Reiser <reiser@namesys.com>
Cc: Vladimir V. Saveliev <vs@namesys.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch is a rewrite of the one submitted on October 1st, using modules
(http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=112819093522998&w=2).

This rewrite adds a tristate CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST, which enables an
intense torture test of the RCU infratructure.  This is needed due to the
continued changes to the RCU infrastructure to accommodate dynamic ticks,
CPU hotplug, realtime, and so on.  Most of the code is in a separate file
that is compiled only if the CONFIG variable is set.  Documentation on how
to run the test and interpret the output is also included.

This code has been tested on i386 and ppc64, and an earlier version of the
code has received extensive testing on a number of architectures as part of
the PREEMPT_RT patchset.
Signed-off-by: N"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This makes call_rcu() keep track of how many events there are on the RCU
list, and cause a reschedule event when the list gets too long.

This helps keep RCU event lists down.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

First of a number of files_lock scaability patches.

 Here are the x86 numbers -

 tiobench on a 4(8)-way (HT) P4 system on ramdisk :

                                         (lockfree)
 Test            2.6.10-vanilla  Stdev   2.6.10-fd       Stdev
 -------------------------------------------------------------
 Seqread         1400.8          11.52   1465.4          34.27
 Randread        1594            8.86    2397.2          29.21
 Seqwrite        242.72          3.47    238.46          6.53
 Randwrite       445.74          9.15    446.4           9.75

 The performance improvement is very significant.
 We are getting killed by the cacheline bouncing of the files_struct
 lock here. Writes on ramdisk (ext2) seems to vary just too
 much to get any meaningful number.

 Also, With Tridge's thread_perf test on a 4(8)-way (HT) P4 xeon system :

 2.6.12-rc5-vanilla :

 Running test 'readwrite' with 8 tasks
 Threads     0.34 +/- 0.01 seconds
 Processes   0.16 +/- 0.00 seconds

 2.6.12-rc5-fd :

 Running test 'readwrite' with 8 tasks
 Threads     0.17 +/- 0.02 seconds
 Processes   0.17 +/- 0.02 seconds

 I repeated the measurements on ramfs (as opposed to ext2 on ramdisk in
 the earlier measurement) and I got more consistent results from tiobench :

 4(8) way xeon P4
 -----------------
                                         (lock-free)
 Test            2.6.12-rc5      Stdev   2.6.12-rc5-fd   Stdev
 -------------------------------------------------------------
 Seqread         1282            18.59   1343.6          26.37
 Randread        1517            7       2415            34.27
 Seqwrite        702.2           5.27    709.46           5.9
 Randwrite       846.86          15.15   919.68          21.4

 4-way ppc64
 ------------
                                         (lock-free)
 Test            2.6.12-rc5      Stdev   2.6.12-rc5-fd   Stdev
 -------------------------------------------------------------
 Seqread         1549            91.16   1569.6          47.2
 Randread        1473.6          25.11   1585.4          69.99
 Seqwrite        1096.8          20.03   1136            29.61
 Randwrite       1189.6           4.04   1275.2          32.96

 Also running Tridge's thread_perf test on ppc64 :

 2.6.12-rc5-vanilla
 --------------------
 Running test 'readwrite' with 4 tasks
 Threads     0.20 +/- 0.02 seconds
 Processes   0.16 +/- 0.01 seconds

 2.6.12-rc5-fd
 --------------------
 Running test 'readwrite' with 4 tasks
 Threads     0.18 +/- 0.04 seconds
 Processes   0.16 +/- 0.01 seconds

 The benefits are huge (upto ~60%) in some cases on x86 primarily
 due to the atomic operations during acquisition of ->file_lock
 and cache line bouncing in fast path. ppc64 benefits are modest
 due to LL/SC based locking, but still statistically significant.

This patch:

RCU head initilizer no longer needs the head varible name since we don't use
list.h lists anymore.
Signed-off-by: NDipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The synchronize_kernel() primitive is used for quite a few different purposes:
waiting for RCU readers, waiting for NMIs, waiting for interrupts, and so on.
This makes RCU code harder to read, since synchronize_kernel() might or might
not have matching rcu_read_lock()s.  This patch creates a new
synchronize_rcu() that is to be used for RCU readers and a new
synchronize_sched() that is used for the rest.  These two new primitives
currently have the same implementation, but this is might well change with
additional real-time support.  Both new primitives are GPL-only, the old
primitive is deprecated.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!