There are two variants of stat functions - ones prefixed with double
underbars which don't care about preemption and ones without which
disable preemption before manipulating per-cpu counters.  It's unclear
whether the underbarred ones assume that preemtion is disabled on
entry as some callers don't do that.

This patch unifies diskstats access by implementing disk_stat_lock()
and disk_stat_unlock() which take care of both RCU (for partition
access) and preemption (for per-cpu counter access).  diskstats access
should always be enclosed between the two functions.  As such, there's
no need for the versions which disables preemption.  They're removed
and double underbars ones are renamed to drop the underbars.  As an
extra argument is added, there's no danger of using the old version
unconverted.

disk_stat_lock() uses get_cpu() and returns the cpu index and all
diskstat functions which access per-cpu counters now has @cpu
argument to help RT.

This change adds RCU or preemption operations at some places but also
collapses several preemption ops into one at others.  Overall, the
performance difference should be negligible as all involved ops are
very lightweight per-cpu ones.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Remove hw_segments field from struct bio and struct request. Without virtual
merge accounting they have no purpose.
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

This patch renames the array_size field of struct mddev_s to array_sectors
and converts all instances to use units of 512 byte sectors instead of 1k
blocks.
Signed-off-by: NAndre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

md_allow_write() marks the metadata dirty while holding mddev->lock and then
waits for the write to complete.  For externally managed metadata this causes a
deadlock as userspace needs to take the lock to communicate that the metadata
update has completed.

Change md_allow_write() in the 'external' case to start the 'mark active'
operation and then return -EAGAIN.  The expected side effects while waiting for
userspace to write 'active' to 'array_state' are holding off reshape (code
currently handles -ENOMEM), cause some 'stripe_cache_size' change requests to
fail, cause some GET_BITMAP_FILE ioctl requests to fall back to GFP_NOIO, and
cause updates to 'raid_disks' to fail.  Except for 'stripe_cache_size' changes
these failures can be mitigated by coordinating with mdmon.

md_write_start() still prevents writes from occurring until the metadata
handler has had a chance to take action as it unconditionally waits for
MD_CHANGE_CLEAN to be cleared.

[neilb@suse.de: return -EAGAIN, try GFP_NOIO]
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

For all array types but linear, ->hot_add_disk returns 1 on
success, 0 on failure.
For linear, it returns 0 on success and -errno on failure.

This doesn't cause a functional problem because the ->hot_add_disk
function of linear is used quite differently to the others.
However it is confusing.

So convert all to return 0 for success or -errno on failure
and fix call sites to match.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>

i.e. extend the 'md/dev-XXX/slot' attribute so that you can
tell a device to fill an vacant slot in an and md array.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>

When we get any IO error during a recovery (rebuilding a spare), we abort
the recovery and restart it.

For RAID6 (and multi-drive RAID1) it may not be best to restart at the
beginning: when multiple failures can be tolerated, the recovery may be
able to continue and re-doing all that has already been done doesn't make
sense.

We already have the infrastructure to record where a recovery is up to
and restart from there, but it is not being used properly.
This is because:
  - We sometimes abort with MD_RECOVERY_ERR rather than just MD_RECOVERY_INTR,
    which causes the recovery not be be checkpointed.
  - We remove spares and then re-added them which loses important state
    information.

The distinction between MD_RECOVERY_ERR and MD_RECOVERY_INTR really isn't
needed.  If there is an error, the relevant drive will be marked as
Faulty, and that is enough to ensure correct handling of the error.  So we
first remove MD_RECOVERY_ERR, changing some of the uses of it to
MD_RECOVERY_INTR.

Then we cause the attempt to remove a non-faulty device from an array to
fail (unless recovery is impossible as the array is too degraded).  Then
when remove_and_add_spares attempts to remove the devices on which
recovery can continue, it will fail, they will remain in place, and
recovery will continue on them as desired.

Issue:  If we are halfway through rebuilding a spare and another drive
fails, and a new spare is immediately available,  do we want to:
 1/ complete the current rebuild, then go back and rebuild the new spare or
 2/ restart the rebuild from the start and rebuild both devices in
    parallel.

Both options can be argued for.  The code currently takes option 2 as
  a/ this requires least code change
  b/ this results in a minimally-degraded array in minimal time.

Cc: "Eivind Sarto" <ivan@kasenna.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When performing a "recovery" or "check" pass on a RAID1 array, we read
from each device and possible, if there is a difference or a read error,
write back to some devices.

We use the same 'bio' for both read and write, resetting various fields
between the two operations.

We forgot to reset bv_offset and bv_len however.  These are often left
unchanged, but in the case where there is an IO error one or two sectors
into a page, they are changed.

This results in correctable errors not being corrected properly.  It does
not result in any data corruption.

Cc: "Fairbanks, David" <David.Fairbanks@stratus.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It is possible to add a write-intent bitmap to an active array, or remove
the bitmap that is there.

When we do with the 'quiesce' the array, which causes make_request to
block in "wait_barrier()".

However we are sampling the value of "mddev->bitmap" before the
wait_barrier call, and using it afterwards.  This can result in using a
bitmap structure that has been freed.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As setting and clearing queue flags now requires that we hold a spinlock
on the queue, and as blk_queue_stack_limits is called without that lock,
get the lock inside blk_queue_stack_limits.

For blk_queue_stack_limits to be able to find the right lock, each md
personality needs to set q->queue_lock to point to the appropriate lock.
Those personalities which didn't previously use a spin_lock, us
q->__queue_lock.  So always initialise that lock when allocated.

With this in place, setting/clearing of the QUEUE_FLAG_PLUGGED bit will no
longer cause warnings as it will be clear that the proper lock is held.

Thanks to Dan Williams for review and fixing the silly bugs.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Alistair John Strachan <alistair@devzero.co.uk>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Jacek Luczak <difrost.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Prakash Punnoor <prakash@punnoor.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Allows a userspace metadata handler to take action upon detecting a device
failure.

Based on an original patch by Neil Brown.

Changes:
-added blocked_wait waitqueue to rdev
-don't qualify Blocked with Faulty always let userspace block writes
-added md_wait_for_blocked_rdev to wait for the block device to be clear, if
 userspace misses the notification another one is sent every 5 seconds
-set MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED after clearing "blocked"
-kill DoBlock flag, just test mddev->external
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

MD drivers use one printk() call to print 2 log messages and the second line
may be prefixed by a TAB character.  It may also output a trailing space
before newline.  klogd (I think) turns the TAB character into the 2 characters
'^I' when logging to a file.  This looks ugly.

Instead of a leading TAB to indicate continuation, prefix both output lines
with 'raid:' or similar.  Also remove any trailing space in the vicinity of
the affected code and consistently end the sentences with a period.
Signed-off-by: NNick Andrew <nick@nick-andrew.net>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Thanks to K.Tanaka and the scsi fault injection framework, here is a fix for
another possible deadlock in raid1/raid10 error handing.

If a read request returns an error while a resync is happening and a resync
request is pending, the attempt to fix the error will block until the resync
progresses, and the resync will block until the read request completes.  Thus
a deadlock.

This patch fixes the problem.

Cc: "K.Tanaka" <k-tanaka@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When handling a read error, we freeze the array to stop any other IO while
attempting to over-write with correct data.

This is done in the raid1d(raid10d) thread and must wait for all submitted IO
to complete (except for requests that failed and are sitting in the retry
queue - these are counted in ->nr_queue and will stay there during a freeze).

However write requests need attention from raid1d as bitmap updates might be
required.  This can cause a deadlock as raid1 is waiting for requests to
finish that themselves need attention from raid1d.

So we create a new function 'flush_pending_writes' to give that attention, and
call it in freeze_array to be sure that we aren't waiting on raid1d.

Thanks to "K.Tanaka" <k-tanaka@ce.jp.nec.com> for finding and reporting this
problem.

Cc: "K.Tanaka" <k-tanaka@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As this is more in line with common practice in the kernel.  Also swap the
args around to be more like list_for_each.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This allows userspace to control resync/reshape progress and synchronise it
with other activities, such as shared access in a SAN, or backing up critical
sections during a tricky reshape.

Writing a number of sectors (which must be a multiple of the chunk size if
such is meaningful) causes a resync to pause when it gets to that point.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently an md array with a write-intent bitmap does not updated that bitmap
to reflect successful partial resync.  Rather the entire bitmap is updated
when the resync completes.

This is because there is no guarentee that resync requests will complete in
order, and tracking each request individually is unnecessarily burdensome.

However there is value in regularly updating the bitmap, so add code to
periodically pause while all pending sync requests complete, then update the
bitmap.  Doing this only every few seconds (the same as the bitmap update
time) does not notciably affect resync performance.

[snitzer@gmail.com: export bitmap_cond_end_sync]
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: "Mike Snitzer" <snitzer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Added blk_unplug interface, allowing all invocations of unplugs to result
in a generated blktrace UNPLUG.
Signed-off-by: NAlan D. Brunelle <Alan.Brunelle@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

* Convert files to UTF-8.

  * Also correct some people's names
    (one example is Eißfeldt, which was found in a source file.
    Given that the author used an ß at all in a source file
    indicates that the real name has in fact a 'ß' and not an 'ss',
    which is commonly used as a substitute for 'ß' when limited to
    7bit.)

  * Correct town names (Goettingen -> Göttingen)

  * Update Eberhard Mönkeberg's address (http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/1/8/313)
Signed-off-by: NJan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>

Whenever a read error is found, we should attempt to overwrite with correct
data to 'fix' it.

However when do a 'check' pass (which compares data blocks that are
successfully read, but doesn't normally overwrite) we don't do that.  We
should.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Then we can get rid of ->issue_flush_fn() and all the driver private
implementations of that.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

As bi_end_io is only called once when the reqeust is complete,
the 'size' argument is now redundant.  Remove it.

Now there is no need for bio_endio to subtract the size completed
from bi_size.  So don't do that either.

While we are at it, change bi_end_io to return void.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

When a raid1 array is reshaped (number of drives changed), the list of devices
is compacted, so that slots for missing devices are filled with working
devices from later slots.  This requires the "rd%d" symlinks in sysfs to be
updated.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 17571284 was slightly bad.  If an array
has a write-intent bitmap, and you remove a drive, then readd it, only the
changed parts should be resynced.  However after the above commit, this only
works if the array has not been shut down and restarted.

This is because it sets 'fullsync' at little more often than it should.  This
patch is more careful.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Some of the code has been gradually transitioned to using the proper
struct request_queue, but there's lots left. So do a full sweet of
the kernel and get rid of this typedef and replace its uses with
the proper type.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

bitmap_unplug only ever returns 0, so it may as well be void.  Two callers try
to print a message if it returns non-zero, but that message is already printed
by bitmap_file_kick.

write_page returns an error which is not consistently checked.  It always
causes BITMAP_WRITE_ERROR to be set on an error, and that can more
conveniently be checked.

When the return of write_page is checked, an error causes bitmap_file_kick to
be called - so move that call into write_page - and protect against recursive
calls into bitmap_file_kick.

bitmap_update_sb returns an error that is never checked.

So make these 'void' and be consistent about checking the bit.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If raid1/repair (which reads all block and fixes any differences it finds)
hits a read error, it doesn't reset the bio for writing before writing
correct data back, so the read error isn't fixed, and the device probably
gets a zero-length write which it might complain about.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When a raid1 has only one working drive, we want read error to propagate up
to the filesystem as there is no point failing the last drive in an array.

Currently the code perform this check is racy.  If a write and a read a
both submitted to a device on a 2-drive raid1, and the write fails followed
by the read failing, the read will see that there is only one working drive
and will pass the failure up, even though the one working drive is actually
the *other* one.

So, tighten up the locking.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This reverts commit 5b479c91.

Quoth Neil Brown:

  "It causes an oops when auto-detecting raid arrays, and it doesn't
   seem easy to fix.

   The array may not be 'open' when do_md_run is called, so
   bdev->bd_disk might be NULL, so bd_set_size can oops.

   This whole approach of opening an md device before it has been
   assembled just seems to get more and more painful.  I think I'm going
   to have to come up with something clever to provide both backward
   comparability with usage expectation, and sane integration into the
   rest of the kernel."
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

md currently uses ->media_changed to make sure rescan_partitions
is call on md array after they are assembled.

However that doesn't happen until the array is opened, which is later
than some people would like.

So use blkdev_ioctl to do the rescan immediately that the
array has been assembled.

This means we can remove all the ->change infrastructure as it was only used
to trigger a partition rescan.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If a GFP_KERNEL allocation is attempted in md while the mddev_lock is held,
it is possible for a deadlock to eventuate.

This happens if the array was marked 'clean', and the memalloc triggers a
write-out to the md device.

For the writeout to succeed, the array must be marked 'dirty', and that
requires getting the mddev_lock.

So, before attempting a GFP_KERNEL allocation while holding the lock, make
sure the array is marked 'dirty' (unless it is currently read-only).
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When 'repair' finds a block that is different one the various parts of the
mirror.  it is meant to write a chosen good version to the others.  However it
currently writes out the original data to each.  The memcpy to make all the
data the same is missing.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

md raidX make_request functions strip off the BIO_RW_SYNC flag, thus
introducing additional latency.

Fixing this in raid1 and raid10 seems to be straightforward enough.

For our particular usage case in DRBD, passing this flag improved some
initialization time from ~5 minutes to ~5 seconds.
Acked-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLars Ellenberg <lars@linbit.com>
Acked-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Thanks Jens for alerting me to this.

Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: <raziebe@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Fix few bugs that meant that:
  - superblocks weren't alway written at exactly the right time (this
    could show up if the array was not written to - writting to the array
    causes lots of superblock updates and so hides these errors).

  - restarting device recovery after a clean shutdown (version-1 metadata
    only) didn't work as intended (or at all).

1/ Ensure superblock is updated when a new device is added.
2/ Remove an inappropriate test on MD_RECOVERY_SYNC in md_do_sync.
   The body of this if takes one of two branches depending on whether
   MD_RECOVERY_SYNC is set, so testing it in the clause of the if
   is wrong.
3/ Flag superblock for updating after a resync/recovery finishes.
4/ If we find the neeed to restart a recovery in the middle (version-1
   metadata only) make sure a full recovery (not just as guided by
   bitmaps) does get done.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

drivers/md/raid1.c:1479: warning: long long unsigned int format, long unsigned int arg (arg 4)
drivers/md/raid10.c:1475: warning: long long unsigned int format, long unsigned int arg (arg 4)
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

raid1, raid10 and multipath don't report their 'congested' status through
bdi_*_congested, but should.

This patch adds the appropriate functions which just check the 'congested'
status of all active members (with appropriate locking).

raid1 read_balance should be modified to prefer devices where
bdi_read_congested returns false.  Then we could use the '&' branch rather
than the '|' branch.  However that should would need some benchmarking first
to make sure it is actually a good idea.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The error handling routines don't use proper locking, and so two concurrent
errors could trigger a problem.

So:
  - use test-and-set and test-and-clear to synchonise
    the In_sync bits with the ->degraded count
  - use the spinlock to protect updates to the
    degraded count (could use an atomic_t but that
    would be a bigger change in code, and isn't
    really justified)
  - remove un-necessary locking in raid5
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It is equivalent to conf->raid_disks - conf->mddev->degraded.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>