SD/MMC cards tend to support an erase operation.  In addition, eMMC v4.4
cards can support secure erase, trim and secure trim operations that are
all variants of the basic erase command.

SD/MMC device attributes "erase_size" and "preferred_erase_size" have been
added.

"erase_size" is the minimum size, in bytes, of an erase operation.  For
MMC, "erase_size" is the erase group size reported by the card.  Note that
"erase_size" does not apply to trim or secure trim operations where the
minimum size is always one 512 byte sector.  For SD, "erase_size" is 512
if the card is block-addressed, 0 otherwise.

SD/MMC cards can erase an arbitrarily large area up to and
including the whole card.  When erasing a large area it may
be desirable to do it in smaller chunks for three reasons:

    1. A single erase command will make all other I/O on the card
       wait.  This is not a problem if the whole card is being erased, but
       erasing one partition will make I/O for another partition on the
       same card wait for the duration of the erase - which could be a
       several minutes.

    2. To be able to inform the user of erase progress.

    3. The erase timeout becomes too large to be very useful.
       Because the erase timeout contains a margin which is multiplied by
       the size of the erase area, the value can end up being several
       minutes for large areas.

"erase_size" is not the most efficient unit to erase (especially for SD
where it is just one sector), hence "preferred_erase_size" provides a good
chunk size for erasing large areas.

For MMC, "preferred_erase_size" is the high-capacity erase size if a card
specifies one, otherwise it is based on the capacity of the card.

For SD, "preferred_erase_size" is the allocation unit size specified by
the card.

"preferred_erase_size" is in bytes.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@nokia.com>
Acked-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kmpark@infradead.org>
Cc: Madhusudhan Chikkature <madhu.cr@ti.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ben Gardiner <bengardiner@nanometrics.ca>
Cc: <linux-mmc@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The exception.txt has been removed from the Documentation directory.  So
update the index file for it.
Signed-off-by: NHuang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Having both IO-mapping.txt and io-mapping.txt in Documentation/
was confusing and/or bothersome to some people, so rename
IO-mapping.txt to bus-virt-phys-mapping.txt.  Also update
Documentation/00-INDEX for both of these files.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Kees Bakker <kees.bakker@xs4all.nl>
Cc: Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>

This originally appeared as http://lwn.net/Articles/382257/.

Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

add btmrvl.txt to Documentation/

This patch incorporates a lot of comments given by
Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>. Many thanks to Nicolas Pitre.
Signed-off-by: NRahul Tank <rahult@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: NBing Zhao <bzhao@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: NMarcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>

cgroup documentation was moved to Documentation/cgroups/. There are some
places that still refer to Documentation/controllers/,
Documentation/cgroups.txt and Documentation/cpusets.txt. Fix those.
Signed-off-by: NThadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@holoscopio.com>
Reviewed-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NPaul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Create Documentation/blockdev/ sub-directory and populate it.
Populate the Documentation/serial/ sub-directory.
Move MSI-HOWTO.txt to Documentation/PCI/.
Move ioctl-number.txt to Documentation/ioctl/.
Update all relevant 00-INDEX files.
Update all relevant Kconfig files and source files.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>

Add printk-formats.txt so that we don't have to keep fixing the
same things over and over again.  <wishful thinking>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The Documentation/i386 and Documentation/x86_64 directories and their
contents have been moved into Documentation/x86. Fix references to
those files accordingly.
Signed-off-by: NUwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This is an extended document intended to help interested developers, their
managers, and their employers work with the kernel development process.

This work was supported by the Linux Foundation.
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

These functions have been deprecated for some time now but remained until
all legacy callers could be removed.  With a few commits in 2.6.26 this
has happened so now we can remove these deprecated functions.
Signed-off-by: NMark Asselstine <mark.asselstine@windriver.com>
Reviewed-by: NMatthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Move mtrr.txt to the Documentation/x86/ subdirectory.
Add 00-INDEX to the Documentation/x86/ subdirectory.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Some bits were missed when the tipar driver was removed.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Move hpet.txt to Documentation/timers/ subdirectory.
Add 00-INDEX to Documentation/timers/ subdirectory.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: tglx <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

As requested by Sam Ravnborg: Remove Documentation/smart-config.txt.

It is outdated and has been (functionally) replaced by
Documentation/kbuild/*.txt.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Create Documentation/PCI/ and move PCI-related files to it.
Fix a few instances of trailing whitespace.
Update references to the new file locations.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

We have two directories with timer related information in
Documentation/: hrtimers/ and hrtimer/. timer_stats are not restricted
to hrtimers. Move all those files into Documentation/timers where we
can pile up other timer related docs as well.
Pointed-out-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

This file is nfs-related.  (Maybe Documentation/filesystems/ would
benefit from a separate nfs/ directory at some point.)
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Documentation/ is a little large, and filesystems/ seems an obvious
place for this file.
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Move 00-INDEX entries to power/00-INDEX (and add entry for
pm_qos_interface.txt).

Update references to moved filenames.

Fix some trailing whitespace.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Move laptop-mode.txt into the laptops/ sub-directory to consolidate
laptop doc files there.

Update references to the file's location.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Fix all references to Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
Add/update ide/00-INDEX file.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NBartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>

Documentation for cpuidle infrastructure. (resend)
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Also update references to sonypi.txt in Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: NCarlos Corbacho <carlos@strangeworlds.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
CC: Mattia Dongili <malattia@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Also update references to sony-laptop.txt in Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: NCarlos Corbacho <carlos@strangeworlds.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
CC: Mattia Dongili <malattia@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Also update references to thinkpad-acpi.txt in Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: NCarlos Corbacho <carlos@strangeworlds.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
CC: Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@hmh.eng.br>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

There are currently various laptop drivers floating about with no central
place for their documentation, which is currently scattered around the top
level Documentation/ directory.

So, as a first step, lets create a Documentation sub-directory, and update
the relevant index files. The work of then moving the existing laptop
driver related documentation will then be handled later.
Signed-off-by: NCarlos Corbacho <carlos@strangeworlds.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
CC: Henrique de Moraes Holschuh <hmh@hmh.eng.br>
CC: Mattia Dongili <malattia@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The top-level Documentation/ directory is unmanageably large, so we
should take any obvious opportunities to move stuff into subdirectories.
These sched-*.txt files seem an obvious easy case.
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This documentation is also vfs-related.
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Acked-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I'm inclined to think dnotify belongs in filesystems/.
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Acked-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There's no reason for edac.txt for being at this unusual place.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NAlan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Cc: Doug Thompson <norsk5@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

My first guess for "fujitsu" was it might be related to the
fujitsu-laptop.c driver...

Move the frv directory one level up since frv is the name of the
architecture in the Linux kernel.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>

After seeing the filename I'd have expected something about the
implementation of SMP in the Linux kernel - not some notes on kernel
configuration and building trivialities noone would search at this
place.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NAlan Cox <alan@redhat.com>

People discuss how the namespaces are working/going-to-work together.

Ted Ts'o proposed to create some document that describes what problems user
may have when he/she creates some new namespace, but keeps others shared.
I liked this idea, so here's the initial version of such a document with
the problems I currently have in mind and can describe somewhat audibly -
the "namespaces compatibility list".

The Documentation/namespaces/ directory is about to contain more docs about
the namespaces stuff.

Thanks to Cedirc for notes and spell checks on the doc, to Daniel for
additional info about IPC and User namespaces interaction and to Randy, who
alluded me to using a spell checker before sending the documentation :)
Signed-off-by: NPavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Add missing entries to Documentation/00-INDEX
Signed-off-by: NRob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NRobert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This documentation (about file locking) belongs in filesystems/.
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>

Shouldn't this mandatory-locking documentation be in the
Documentation/filesystems directory?

Give it a more descriptive name while we're at it, and update 00-INDEX
with a more inclusive description of Documentation/filesystems (which
has already talked about more than just individual filesystems).
Signed-off-by: NJ. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
Acked-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>

ecryptfs.txt moved into filesystems, make 00-INDEX follow.
Signed-off-by: NRob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>