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  1. 17 10月, 2014 1 次提交
    • D
      random: add and use memzero_explicit() for clearing data · d4c5efdb
      由 Daniel Borkmann 提交于 
      zatimend has reported that in his environment (3.16/gcc4.8.3/corei7)
memset() calls which clear out sensitive data in extract_{buf,entropy,
entropy_user}() in random driver are being optimized away by gcc.

Add a helper memzero_explicit() (similarly as explicit_bzero() variants)
that can be used in such cases where a variable with sensitive data is
being cleared out in the end. Other use cases might also be in crypto
code. [ I have put this into lib/string.c though, as it's always built-in
and doesn't need any dependencies then. ]

Fixes kernel bugzilla: 82041

Reported-by: zatimend@hotmail.co.uk
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
      d4c5efdb
  3. 15 8月, 2014 1 次提交
  5. 06 8月, 2014 3 次提交
    • S
      hwrng: Pass entropy to add_hwgenerator_randomness() in bits, not bytes · e02b8765
      由 Stephen Boyd 提交于 
      rng_get_data() returns the number of bytes read from the hardware.
The entropy argument to add_hwgenerator_randomness() is passed
directly to credit_entropy_bits() so we should be passing the
number of bits, not bytes here.

Fixes: be4000bc "hwrng: create filler thread"
Acked-by: NTorsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NStephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
      e02b8765
    • T
      random: limit the contribution of the hw rng to at most half · 48d6be95
      由 Theodore Ts'o 提交于 
      For people who don't trust a hardware RNG which can not be audited,
the changes to add support for RDSEED can be troubling since 97% or
more of the entropy will be contributed from the in-CPU hardware RNG.

We now have a in-kernel khwrngd, so for those people who do want to
implicitly trust the CPU-based system, we could create an arch-rng
hw_random driver, and allow khwrng refill the entropy pool.  This
allows system administrator whether or not they trust the CPU (I
assume the NSA will trust RDRAND/RDSEED implicitly :-), and if so,
what level of entropy derating they want to use.

The reason why this is a really good idea is that if different people
use different levels of entropy derating, it will make it much more
difficult to design a backdoor'ed hwrng that can be generally
exploited in terms of the output of /dev/random when different attack
targets are using differing levels of entropy derating.
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
      48d6be95
    • T
      random: introduce getrandom(2) system call · c6e9d6f3
      由 Theodore Ts'o 提交于 
      The getrandom(2) system call was requested by the LibreSSL Portable
developers.  It is analoguous to the getentropy(2) system call in
OpenBSD.

The rationale of this system call is to provide resiliance against
file descriptor exhaustion attacks, where the attacker consumes all
available file descriptors, forcing the use of the fallback code where
/dev/[u]random is not available.  Since the fallback code is often not
well-tested, it is better to eliminate this potential failure mode
entirely.

The other feature provided by this new system call is the ability to
request randomness from the /dev/urandom entropy pool, but to block
until at least 128 bits of entropy has been accumulated in the
/dev/urandom entropy pool.  Historically, the emphasis in the
/dev/urandom development has been to ensure that urandom pool is
initialized as quickly as possible after system boot, and preferably
before the init scripts start execution.

This is because changing /dev/urandom reads to block represents an
interface change that could potentially break userspace which is not
acceptable.  In practice, on most x86 desktop and server systems, in
general the entropy pool can be initialized before it is needed (and
in modern kernels, we will printk a warning message if not).  However,
on an embedded system, this may not be the case.  And so with this new
interface, we can provide the functionality of blocking until the
urandom pool has been initialized.  Any userspace program which uses
this new functionality must take care to assure that if it is used
during the boot process, that it will not cause the init scripts or
other portions of the system startup to hang indefinitely.

SYNOPSIS
	#include <linux/random.h>

	int getrandom(void *buf, size_t buflen, unsigned int flags);

DESCRIPTION
	The system call getrandom() fills the buffer pointed to by buf
	with up to buflen random bytes which can be used to seed user
	space random number generators (i.e., DRBG's) or for other
	cryptographic uses.  It should not be used for Monte Carlo
	simulations or other programs/algorithms which are doing
	probabilistic sampling.

	If the GRND_RANDOM flags bit is set, then draw from the
	/dev/random pool instead of the /dev/urandom pool.  The
	/dev/random pool is limited based on the entropy that can be
	obtained from environmental noise, so if there is insufficient
	entropy, the requested number of bytes may not be returned.
	If there is no entropy available at all, getrandom(2) will
	either block, or return an error with errno set to EAGAIN if
	the GRND_NONBLOCK bit is set in flags.

	If the GRND_RANDOM bit is not set, then the /dev/urandom pool
	will be used.  Unlike using read(2) to fetch data from
	/dev/urandom, if the urandom pool has not been sufficiently
	initialized, getrandom(2) will block (or return -1 with the
	errno set to EAGAIN if the GRND_NONBLOCK bit is set in flags).

	The getentropy(2) system call in OpenBSD can be emulated using
	the following function:

            int getentropy(void *buf, size_t buflen)
            {
                    int     ret;

                    if (buflen > 256)
                            goto failure;
                    ret = getrandom(buf, buflen, 0);
                    if (ret < 0)
                            return ret;
                    if (ret == buflen)
                            return 0;
            failure:
                    errno = EIO;
                    return -1;
            }

RETURN VALUE
       On success, the number of bytes that was filled in the buf is
       returned.  This may not be all the bytes requested by the
       caller via buflen if insufficient entropy was present in the
       /dev/random pool, or if the system call was interrupted by a
       signal.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

ERRORS
	EINVAL		An invalid flag was passed to getrandom(2)

	EFAULT		buf is outside the accessible address space.

	EAGAIN		The requested entropy was not available, and
			getentropy(2) would have blocked if the
			GRND_NONBLOCK flag was not set.

	EINTR		While blocked waiting for entropy, the call was
			interrupted by a signal handler; see the description
			of how interrupted read(2) calls on "slow" devices
			are handled with and without the SA_RESTART flag
			in the signal(7) man page.

NOTES
	For small requests (buflen <= 256) getrandom(2) will not
	return EINTR when reading from the urandom pool once the
	entropy pool has been initialized, and it will return all of
	the bytes that have been requested.  This is the recommended
	way to use getrandom(2), and is designed for compatibility
	with OpenBSD's getentropy() system call.

	However, if you are using GRND_RANDOM, then getrandom(2) may
	block until the entropy accounting determines that sufficient
	environmental noise has been gathered such that getrandom(2)
	will be operating as a NRBG instead of a DRBG for those people
	who are working in the NIST SP 800-90 regime.  Since it may
	block for a long time, these guarantees do *not* apply.  The
	user may want to interrupt a hanging process using a signal,
	so blocking until all of the requested bytes are returned
	would be unfriendly.

	For this reason, the user of getrandom(2) MUST always check
	the return value, in case it returns some error, or if fewer
	bytes than requested was returned.  In the case of
	!GRND_RANDOM and small request, the latter should never
	happen, but the careful userspace code (and all crypto code
	should be careful) should check for this anyway!

	Finally, unless you are doing long-term key generation (and
	perhaps not even then), you probably shouldn't be using
	GRND_RANDOM.  The cryptographic algorithms used for
	/dev/urandom are quite conservative, and so should be
	sufficient for all purposes.  The disadvantage of GRND_RANDOM
	is that it can block, and the increased complexity required to
	deal with partially fulfilled getrandom(2) requests.
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NZach Brown <zab@zabbo.net>
      c6e9d6f3
  7. 02 8月, 2014 1 次提交
  9. 30 7月, 2014 5 次提交
  11. 27 7月, 2014 5 次提交
  13. 24 7月, 2014 1 次提交
  15. 19 7月, 2014 1 次提交
  17. 18 7月, 2014 1 次提交
  19. 15 7月, 2014 10 次提交
  21. 14 7月, 2014 2 次提交
    • A
      hwrng: virtio - ensure reads happen after successful probe · e052dbf5
      由 Amit Shah 提交于 
      The hwrng core asks for random data in the hwrng_register() call itself
from commit d9e79726.  This doesn't play well with virtio -- the
DRIVER_OK bit is only set by virtio core on a successful probe, and
we're not yet out of our probe routine when this call is made.  This
causes the host to not acknowledge any requests we put in the virtqueue,
and the insmod or kernel boot process just waits for data to arrive from
the host, which never happens.

CC: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
CC: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
CC: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # For v3.15+
Reviewed-by: NJason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: NAmit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NHerbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
      e052dbf5
    • A
      hwrng: fetch randomness only after device init · d3cc7996
      由 Amit Shah 提交于 
      Commit d9e79726 "hwrng: add randomness to system from rng sources"
added a call to rng_get_data() from the hwrng_register() function.
However, some rng devices need initialization before data can be read
from them.

This commit makes the call to rng_get_data() depend on no init fn
pointer being registered by the device.  If an init function is
registered, this call is made after device init.

CC: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
CC: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
CC: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # For v3.15+
Signed-off-by: NAmit Shah <amit.shah@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NJason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net>
Signed-off-by: NHerbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
      d3cc7996
  23. 11 7月, 2014 2 次提交
    • P
      char: synclink: Remove WARN_ON for bad port count · 69fee688
      由 Peter Hurley 提交于 
      tty_port_close_start() already validates the port counts and issues
a diagnostic if validation fails.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
      69fee688
    • P
      tty: Remove tty_hung_up_p() tests from tty drivers' open() · e359a4e3
      由 Peter Hurley 提交于 
      Since at least before 2.6.30, it has not been possible to observe
a hung up file pointer in a tty driver's open() method unless/until
the driver open() releases the tty_lock() (eg., before blocking).

This is because tty_open() adds the file pointer while holding
the tty_lock() _and_ doesn't release the lock until after calling
the tty driver's open() method. [ Before tty_lock(), this was
lock_kernel(). ]

Since __tty_hangup() first waits on the tty_lock() before
enumerating and hanging up the open file pointers, either
__tty_hangup() will wait for the tty_lock() or tty_open() will
not yet have added the file pointer. For example,

CPU 0                          |  CPU 1
                               |
tty_open                       |  __tty_hangup
  ..                           |    ..
  tty_lock                     |    ..
  tty_reopen                   |    tty_lock  / blocks
  ..                           |
  tty_add_file(tty, filp)      |
  ..                           |
  tty->ops->open(tty, filp)    |
    tty_port_open              |
      tty_port_block_til_ready |
        ..                     |
        while (1)              |
          ..                   |
          tty_unlock           |    / unblocks
          schedule             |    for each filp on tty->tty_files
                               |      f_ops = tty_hung_up_fops;
                               |    ..
                               |    tty_unlock
          tty_lock             |
  ..                           |
  tty_unlock                   |

Note that since tty_port_block_til_ready() and similar drop
the tty_lock while blocking, when woken, the file pointer
must then be tested for having been hung up.

Also, fix bit-rotted drivers that used extra_count to track the
port->count bump.

CC: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
CC: Samuel Ortiz <samuel@sortiz.org>
CC: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Acked-by: NJesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
      e359a4e3
  25. 10 7月, 2014 6 次提交
  27. 16 6月, 2014 1 次提交
    • T
      random: fix nasty entropy accounting bug · e33ba5fa
      由 Theodore Ts'o 提交于 
      Commit 0fb7a01a "random: simplify accounting code", introduced in
v3.15, has a very nasty accounting problem when the entropy pool has
has fewer bytes of entropy than the number of requested reserved
bytes.  In that case, "have_bytes - reserved" goes negative, and since
size_t is unsigned, the expression:

       ibytes = min_t(size_t, ibytes, have_bytes - reserved);

... does not do the right thing.  This is rather bad, because it
defeats the catastrophic reseeding feature in the
xfer_secondary_pool() path.

It also can cause the "BUG: spinlock trylock failure on UP" for some
kernel configurations when prandom_reseed() calls get_random_bytes()
in the early init, since when the entropy count gets corrupted,
credit_entropy_bits() erroneously believes that the nonblocking pool
has been fully initialized (when in fact it is not), and so it calls
prandom_reseed(true) recursively leading to the spinlock BUG.

The logic is *not* the same it was originally, but in the cases where
it matters, the behavior is the same, and the resulting code is
hopefully easier to read and understand.

Fixes: 0fb7a01a "random: simplify accounting code"
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org  #v3.15
      e33ba5fa