When the user inserts a negative value into /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages it
will cause the kernel to allocate as many hugepages as possible and to
then update /proc/meminfo to reflect this.

This changes the behavior so that the negative input will result in
nr_hugepages value being unchanged.
Signed-off-by: NPetr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAnton Arapov <anton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When reclaiming for order-0 pages, kswapd requires that all zones be
balanced.  Each cycle through balance_pgdat() does background ageing on
all zones if necessary and applies equal pressure on the inactive zone
unless a lot of pages are free already.

A "lot of free pages" is defined as a "balance gap" above the high
watermark which is currently 7*high_watermark.  Historically this was
reasonable as min_free_kbytes was small.  However, on systems using huge
pages, it is recommended that min_free_kbytes is higher and it is tuned
with hugeadm --set-recommended-min_free_kbytes.  With the introduction of
transparent huge page support, this recommended value is also applied.  On
X86-64 with 4G of memory, min_free_kbytes becomes 67584 so one would
expect around 68M of memory to be free.  The Normal zone is approximately
35000 pages so under even normal memory pressure such as copying a large
file, it gets exhausted quickly.  As it is getting exhausted, kswapd
applies pressure equally to all zones, including the DMA32 zone.  DMA32 is
approximately 700,000 pages with a high watermark of around 23,000 pages.
In this situation, kswapd will reclaim around (23000*8 where 8 is the high
watermark + balance gap of 7 * high watermark) pages or 718M of pages
before the zone is ignored.  What the user sees is that free memory far
higher than it should be.

To avoid an excessive number of pages being reclaimed from the larger
zones, explicitely defines the "balance gap" to be either 1% of the zone
or the low watermark for the zone, whichever is smaller.  While kswapd
will check all zones to apply pressure, it'll ignore zones that meets the
(high_wmark + balance_gap) watermark.

To test this, 80G were copied from a partition and the amount of memory
being used was recorded.  A comparison of a patch and unpatched kernel can
be seen at
http://www.csn.ul.ie/~mel/postings/minfree-20110222/memory-usage-hydra.ps
and shows that kswapd is not reclaiming as much memory with the patch
applied.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: "Chen, Tim C" <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The 'flags' field is already checked, no need to do it again.
Signed-off-by: NNamhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Now that the mere act of _looking_ at /proc/$pid/smaps will not destroy
transparent huge pages, tell how much of the VMA is actually mapped with
them.

This way, we can make sure that we're getting THPs where we
expect to see them.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Tested-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Michael J Wolf <mjwolf@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This adds code to explicitly detect and handle pmd_trans_huge() pmds.  It
then passes HPAGE_SIZE units in to the smap_pte_entry() function instead
of PAGE_SIZE.

This means that using /proc/$pid/smaps now will no longer cause THPs to be
broken down in to small pages.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Tested-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Acked-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michael J Wolf <mjwolf@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add an argument to the new smaps_pte_entry() function to let it account in
things other than PAGE_SIZE units.  I changed all of the PAGE_SIZE sites,
even though not all of them can be reached for transparent huge pages,
just so this will continue to work without changes as THPs are improved.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Tested-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Michael J Wolf <mjwolf@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We will use smaps_pte_entry() in a moment to handle both small and
transparent large pages.  But, we must break it out of smaps_pte_range()
first.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Tested-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Michael J Wolf <mjwolf@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Right now, if a mm_walk has either ->pte_entry or ->pmd_entry set, it will
unconditionally split any transparent huge pages it runs in to.  In
practice, that means that anyone doing a

	cat /proc/$pid/smaps

will unconditionally break down every huge page in the process and depend
on khugepaged to re-collapse it later.  This is fairly suboptimal.

This patch changes that behavior.  It teaches each ->pmd_entry handler
(there are five) that they must break down the THPs themselves.  Also, the
_generic_ code will never break down a THP unless a ->pte_entry handler is
actually set.

This means that the ->pmd_entry handlers can now choose to deal with THPs
without breaking them down.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Tested-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Michael J Wolf <mjwolf@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

invalidate_mapping_pages is very big hint to reclaimer.  It means user
doesn't want to use the page any more.  So in order to prevent working set
page eviction, this patch move the page into tail of inactive list by
PG_reclaim.

Please, remember that pages in inactive list are working set as well as
active list.  If we don't move pages into inactive list's tail, pages near
by tail of inactive list can be evicted although we have a big clue about
useless pages.  It's totally bad.

Now PG_readahead/PG_reclaim is shared.  fe3cba17 added ClearPageReclaim
into clear_page_dirty_for_io for preventing fast reclaiming readahead
marker page.

In this series, PG_reclaim is used by invalidated page, too.  If VM find
the page is invalidated and it's dirty, it sets PG_reclaim to reclaim
asap.  Then, when the dirty page will be writeback,
clear_page_dirty_for_io will clear PG_reclaim unconditionally.  It
disturbs this serie's goal.

I think it's okay to clear PG_readahead when the page is dirty, not
writeback time.  So this patch moves ClearPageReadahead.  In v4,
ClearPageReadahead in set_page_dirty has a problem which is reported by
Steven Barrett.  It's due to compound page.  Some driver(ex, audio) calls
set_page_dirty with compound page which isn't on LRU.  but my patch does
ClearPageRelcaim on compound page.  In non-CONFIG_PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED, it
breaks PageTail flag.

I think it doesn't affect THP and pass my test with THP enabling but Cced
Andrea for double check.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reported-by: NSteven Barrett <damentz@liquorix.net>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The rotate_reclaimable_page function moves just written out pages, which
the VM wanted to reclaim, to the end of the inactive list.  That way the
VM will find those pages first next time it needs to free memory.

This patch applies the rule in memcg.  It can help to prevent unnecessary
working page eviction of memcg.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Recently, there are reported problem about thrashing.
(http://marc.info/?l=rsync&m=128885034930933&w=2) It happens by backup
workloads(ex, nightly rsync).  That's because the workload makes just
use-once pages and touches pages twice.  It promotes the page into active
list so that it results in working set page eviction.

Some app developer want to support POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE.  But other OSes
don't support it, either.
(http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=128928979512086&w=2)

By other approach, app developers use POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED.  But it has a
problem.  If kernel meets page is writing during invalidate_mapping_pages,
it can't work.  It makes for application programmer to use it since they
always have to sync data before calling fadivse(..POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED) to
make sure the pages could be discardable.  At last, they can't use
deferred write of kernel so that they could see performance loss.
(http://insights.oetiker.ch/linux/fadvise.html)

In fact, invalidation is very big hint to reclaimer.  It means we don't
use the page any more.  So let's move the writing page into inactive
list's head if we can't truncate it right now.

Why I move page to head of lru on this patch, Dirty/Writeback page would
be flushed sooner or later.  It can prevent writeout of pageout which is
less effective than flusher's writeout.

Originally, I reused lru_demote of Peter with some change so added his
Signed-off-by.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reported-by: NBen Gamari <bgamari.foss@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Reorder mm_struct to remove 16 bytes of alignment padding on 64 bit
builds.  On my config this shrinks mm_struct by enough to fit in one
fewer cache lines and allows more objects per slab in mm_struct
kmem_cache under SLUB.

slabinfo before patch :-
    Sizes (bytes)     Slabs
    --------------------------------
    Object :     848  Total  :       9
    SlabObj:     896  Full   :       2
    SlabSiz:   16384  Partial:       5
    Loss   :      48  CpuSlab:       2
    Align  :      64  Objects:      18

 slabinfo after :-
    Sizes (bytes)     Slabs
    --------------------------------
    Object :     832  Total  :       7
    SlabObj:     832  Full   :       2
    SlabSiz:   16384  Partial:       3
    Loss   :       0  CpuSlab:       2
    Align  :      64  Objects:      19
Signed-off-by: NRichard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

TestSetPageLocked() isn't being used anywhere.  Also, using it would
likely be an error, since the proper interface trylock_page() provides
stronger ordering guarantees.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch changes the anon_vma refcount to be 0 when the object is free.
It does this by adding 1 ref to being in use in the anon_vma structure
(iow.  the anon_vma->head list is not empty).

This allows a simpler release scheme without having to check both the
refcount and the list as well as avoids taking a ref for each entry on the
list.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We need the anon_vma refcount unconditionally to simplify the anon_vma
lifetime rules.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The normal code pattern used in the kernel is: get/put.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix kconfig dependency warning to satisfy dependencies:

warning: (PAGE_POISONING) selects DEBUG_PAGEALLOC which has unmet
direct dependencies (DEBUG_KERNEL && ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC &&
(!HIBERNATION || !PPC && !SPARC) && !KMEMCHECK)
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

free_pcppages_bulk() frees pages from pcp lists in a round-robin fashion
by keeping batch_free counter.  But it doesn't need to spin if there is
only one non-empty list.  This can be checked by batch_free ==
MIGRATE_PCPTYPES.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: NNamhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Now we renamed remove_from_page_cache with delete_from_page_cache.  As
consistency of __remove_from_swap_cache and remove_from_swap_cache, we
change internal page cache handling function name, too.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Now delete_from_page_cache() replaces remove_from_page_cache().  So we
remove remove_from_page_cache so fs or something out of mainline will
notice it when compile time and can fix it.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch series changes remove_from_page_cache()'s page ref counting
rule.  Page cache ref count is decreased in delete_from_page_cache().  So
we don't need to decrease the page reference in callers.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch series changes remove_from_page_cache()'s page ref counting
rule.  Page cache ref count is decreased in delete_from_page_cache().  So
we don't need to decrease the page reference in callers.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch series changes remove_from_page_cache()'s page ref counting
rule.  Page cache ref count is decreased in delete_from_page_cache().  So
we don't need to decrease the page reference in callers.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: William Irwin <wli@holomorphy.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Presently we increase the page refcount in add_to_page_cache() but don't
decrease it in remove_from_page_cache().  Such asymmetry adds confusion,
requiring that callers notice it and a comment explaining why they release
a page reference.  It's not a good API.

A long time ago, Hugh tried it (http://lkml.org/lkml/2004/10/24/140) but
gave up because reiser4's drop_page() had to unlock the page between
removing it from page cache and doing the page_cache_release().  But now
the situation is changed.  I think at least things in current mainline
don't have any obstacles.  The problem is for out-of-mainline filesystems
- if they have done such things as reiser4, this patch could be a problem
but they will discover this at compile time since we remove
remove_from_page_cache().

This patch:

This function works as just wrapper remove_from_page_cache().  The
difference is that it decreases page references in itself.  So caller have
to make sure it has a page reference before calling.

This patch is ready for removing remove_from_page_cache().
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Edward Shishkin <edward.shishkin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This function basically does:

     remove_from_page_cache(old);
     page_cache_release(old);
     add_to_page_cache_locked(new);

Except it does this atomically, so there's no possibility for the "add" to
fail because of a race.

If memory cgroups are enabled, then the memory cgroup charge is also moved
from the old page to the new.

This function is currently used by fuse to move pages into the page cache
on read, instead of copying the page contents.

[minchan.kim@gmail.com: add freepage() hook to replace_page_cache_page()]
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

GUP user may want to try to acquire a reference to a page if it is already
in memory, but not if IO, to bring it in, is needed.  For example KVM may
tell vcpu to schedule another guest process if current one is trying to
access swapped out page.  Meanwhile, the page will be swapped in and the
guest process, that depends on it, will be able to run again.

This patch adds FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT (suggested by Linus) and
FOLL_NOWAIT follow_page flags.  FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT, when used in
conjunction with VM_FAULT_ALLOW_RETRY, indicates to handle_mm_fault that
it shouldn't drop mmap_sem and wait on a page, but return VM_FAULT_RETRY
instead.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve FOLL_NOWAIT comment]
Signed-off-by: NGleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While looking at some other notifier callbacks I noticed this code could
use a simple cleanup.

notifier_from_errno() no longer needs the if (ret)/else conditional.  That
same conditional is now done in notifier_from_errno().
Signed-off-by: NPrarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Displaying extremely verbose meminfo for all nodes on the system is
overkill for page allocation failures when the context restricts that
allocation to only a subset of nodes.  We don't particularly care about
the state of all nodes when some are not allowed in the current context,
they can have an abundance of memory but we can't allocate from that part
of memory.

This patch suppresses disallowed nodes from the meminfo dump on a page
allocation failure if the context requires it.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When a page allocation failure occurs, show_mem() is called to dump the
state of the VM so users may understand what happened to get into that
condition.

This output, however, can be extremely verbose.  In irq context, it may
result in significant delays that incur NMI watchdog timeouts when the
machine is large (we use CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT > 8 here to define a "large"
machine since the length of the show_mem() output is proportional to the
number of possible nodes).

This patch suppresses the show_mem() call in irq context when the kernel
has CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT > 8.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The oom killer is extremely verbose for machines with a large number of
cpus and/or nodes.  This verbosity can often be harmful if it causes other
important messages to be scrolled from the kernel log and incurs a
signicant time delay, specifically for kernels with CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT >
8.

This patch causes only memory information to be displayed for nodes that
are allowed by current's cpuset when dumping the VM state.  Information
for all other nodes is irrelevant to the oom condition; we don't care if
there's an abundance of memory elsewhere if we can't access it.

This only affects the behavior of dumping memory information when an oom
is triggered.  Other dumps, such as for sysrq+m, still display the
unfiltered form when using the existing show_mem() interface.

Additionally, the per-cpu pageset statistics are extremely verbose in oom
killer output, so it is now suppressed.  This removes

	nodes_weight(current->mems_allowed) * (1 + nr_cpus)

lines from the oom killer output.

Callers may use __show_mem(SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES) to filter disallowed
nodes.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, and pktgend kthreads can be created with
kthread_create_on_node(), to get proper NUMA affinities for their stack and
task_struct.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

All kthreads being created from a single helper task, they all use memory
from a single node for their kernel stack and task struct.

This patch suite creates kthread_create_on_node(), adding a 'cpu' parameter
to parameters already used by kthread_create().

This parameter serves in allocating memory for the new kthread on its
memory node if possible.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add a node parameter to alloc_thread_info(), and change its name to
alloc_thread_info_node()

This change is needed to allow NUMA aware kthread_create_on_cpu()
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

All kthreads being created from a single helper task, they all use memory
from a single node for their kernel stack and task struct.

This patch suite creates kthread_create_on_cpu(), adding a 'cpu' parameter
to parameters already used by kthread_create().

This parameter serves in allocating memory for the new kthread on its
memory node if available.

Users of this new function are : ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, pktgend...

This patch:

Add a node parameter to alloc_task_struct(), and change its name to
alloc_task_struct_node()

This change is needed to allow NUMA aware kthread_create_on_cpu()
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Many migrate_page's caller check return value instead of list_empy by
cf608ac1 ("mm: compaction: fix COMPACTPAGEFAILED counting").  This patch
makes compaction's migrate_pages consistent with others.  This patch
should not change old behavior.
Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch reverts 5a03b051 ("thp: use compaction in kswapd for GFP_ATOMIC
order > 0") due to reports stating that kswapd CPU usage was higher and
IRQs were being disabled more frequently.  This was reported at
http://www.spinics.net/linux/fedora/alsa-user/msg09885.html.

Without this patch applied, CPU usage by kswapd hovers around the 20% mark
according to the tester (Arthur Marsh:
http://www.spinics.net/linux/fedora/alsa-user/msg09899.html).  With this
patch applied, it's around 2%.

The problem is not related to THP which specifies __GFP_NO_KSWAPD but is
triggered by high-order allocations hitting the low watermark for their
order and waking kswapd on kernels with CONFIG_COMPACTION set.  The most
common trigger for this is network cards configured for jumbo frames but
it's also possible it'll be triggered by fork-heavy workloads (order-1)
and some wireless cards which depend on order-1 allocations.

The symptoms for the user will be high CPU usage by kswapd in low-memory
situations which could be confused with another writeback problem.  While
a patch like 5a03b051 may be reintroduced in the future, this patch plays
it safe for now and reverts it.

[mel@csn.ul.ie: Beefed up the changelog]
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reported-by: NArthur Marsh <arthur.marsh@internode.on.net>
Tested-by: NArthur Marsh <arthur.marsh@internode.on.net>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>		[2.6.38.1]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Provide a free area cache for the vmalloc virtual address allocator, based
on the algorithm used by the user virtual memory allocator.

This reduces the number of rbtree operations and linear traversals over
the vmap extents in order to find a free area, by starting off at the last
point that a free area was found.

The free area cache is reset if areas are freed behind it, or if we are
searching for a smaller area or alignment than last time.  So allocation
patterns are not changed (verified by corner-case and random test cases in
userspace testing).

This solves a regression caused by lazy vunmap TLB purging introduced in
db64fe02 (mm: rewrite vmap layer).  That patch will leave extents in the
vmap allocator after they are vunmapped, and until a significant number
accumulate that can be flushed in a single batch.  So in a workload that
vmalloc/vfree frequently, a chain of extents will build up from
VMALLOC_START address, which have to be iterated over each time (giving an
O(n) type of behaviour).

After this patch, the search will start from where it left off, giving
closer to an amortized O(1).

This is verified to solve regressions reported Steven in GFS2, and Avi in
KVM.

Hugh's update:

: I tried out the recent mmotm, and on one machine was fortunate to hit
: the BUG_ON(first->va_start < addr) which seems to have been stalling
: your vmap area cache patch ever since May.

: I can get you addresses etc, I did dump a few out; but once I stared
: at them, it was easier just to look at the code: and I cannot see how
: you would be so sure that first->va_start < addr, once you've done
: that addr = ALIGN(max(...), align) above, if align is over 0x1000
: (align was 0x8000 or 0x4000 in the cases I hit: ioremaps like Steve).

: I originally got around it by just changing the
: 		if (first->va_start < addr) {
: to
: 		while (first->va_start < addr) {
: without thinking about it any further; but that seemed unsatisfactory,
: why would we want to loop here when we've got another very similar
: loop just below it?

: I am never going to admit how long I've spent trying to grasp your
: "while (n)" rbtree loop just above this, the one with the peculiar
: 		if (!first && tmp->va_start < addr + size)
: in.  That's unfamiliar to me, I'm guessing it's designed to save a
: subsequent rb_next() in a few circumstances (at risk of then setting
: a wrong cached_hole_size?); but they did appear few to me, and I didn't
: feel I could sign off something with that in when I don't grasp it,
: and it seems responsible for extra code and mistaken BUG_ON below it.

: I've reverted to the familiar rbtree loop that find_vma() does (but
: with va_end >= addr as you had, to respect the additional guard page):
: and then (given that cached_hole_size starts out 0) I don't see the
: need for any complications below it.  If you do want to keep that loop
: as you had it, please add a comment to explain what it's trying to do,
: and where addr is relative to first when you emerge from it.

: Aren't your tests "size <= cached_hole_size" and
: "addr + size > first->va_start" forgetting the guard page we want
: before the next area?  I've changed those.

: I have not changed your many "addr + size - 1 < addr" overflow tests,
: but have since come to wonder, shouldn't they be "addr + size < addr"
: tests - won't the vend checks go wrong if addr + size is 0?

: I have added a few comments - Wolfgang Wander's 2.6.13 description of
: 1363c3cd Avoiding mmap fragmentation
: helped me a lot, perhaps a pointer to that would be good too.  And I found
: it easier to understand when I renamed cached_start slightly and moved the
: overflow label down.

: This patch would go after your mm-vmap-area-cache.patch in mmotm.
: Trivially, nobody is going to get that BUG_ON with this patch, and it
: appears to work fine on my machines; but I have not given it anything like
: the testing you did on your original, and may have broken all the
: performance you were aiming for.  Please take a look and test it out
: integrate with yours if you're satisfied - thanks.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add locking comment]
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: NSteven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: NAvi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Tested-by: N"Barry J. Marson" <bmarson@redhat.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In systems with multiple framebuffer devices, one of the devices might be
blanked while another is unblanked.  In order for the backlight blanking
logic to know whether to turn off the backlight for a particular
framebuffer's blanking notification, it needs to be able to check if a
given framebuffer device corresponds to the backlight.

This plumbs the check_fb hook from core backlight through the
pwm_backlight helper to allow platform code to plug in a check_fb hook.
Signed-off-by: NRobert Morell <rmorell@nvidia.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Arun Murthy <arun.murthy@stericsson.com>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@stericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The following symbols are needlessly defined global: jornada_bl_init,
jornada_bl_exit, jornada_lcd_init, jornada_lcd_exit.

Make them static.
Signed-off-by: NAxel Lin <axel.lin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NKristoffer Ericson <kristoffer.ericson@gmail.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

apple_bl uses ACPI interfaces (data & code), so it should depend on ACPI.

  drivers/video/backlight/apple_bl.c:142: warning: 'struct acpi_device' declared inside parameter list
  drivers/video/backlight/apple_bl.c:142: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
  drivers/video/backlight/apple_bl.c:201: warning: 'struct acpi_device' declared inside parameter list
  drivers/video/backlight/apple_bl.c:215: error: variable 'apple_bl_driver' has initializer but incomplete type
  drivers/video/backlight/apple_bl.c:216: error: unknown field 'name' specified in initializer
  ...
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NMatthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>