kdump/kexec kernel

Summary:

  Asserting INIT on the beginning of kdump/kexec kernel will result
  in unexpected behavior because INIT handler for previous kernel is
  invoked on new kernel.

Description:

  In panic situation, we can receive INIT while kernel transition,
  i.e. from beginning of panic to bootstrap of kdump kernel.
  Since we initialize registers on leave from current kernel, no
  longer monarch/slave handlers of current kernel in virtual mode are
  called safely.  (In fact system goes hang as far as I confirmed)

How to Reproduce:

  Start kdump
    # echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger
  Then assert INIT while kdump kernel is booting, before new INIT
  handler for kdump kernel is registered.

Expected(Desirable) result:

  kdump kernel boots without any problem, crashdump retrieved

Actual result:

  INIT handler for previous kernel is invoked on kdump kernel
  => panic, hang etc. (unexpected)

Proposed fix:

  We can unregister these init handlers from SAL before jumping into
  new kernel, however then the INIT will fallback to default behavior,
  result in warmboot by SAL (according to the SAL specification) and
  we cannot retrieve the crashdump.

  Therefore this patch introduces a NOP init handler and register it
  to SAL before leave from current kernel, to start kdump safely by
  preventing INITs from entering virtual mode and resulting in warmboot.

  On the other hand, in case of kexec that not for kdump, it also
  has same problem with INIT while kernel transition.
  This patch handles this case differently, because for kexec
  unregistering handlers will be preferred than registering NOP
  handler, since the situation "no handlers registered" is usual
  state for kernel's entry.
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Haren Myneni <hbabu@us.ibm.com>
Cc: kexec@lists.infradead.org
Acked-by: NFenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Summary:

  INIT asserted on kdump kernel invokes INIT handler not only on a
  cpu that running on the kdump kernel, but also BSP of the panicked
  kernel, because the (badly) frozen BSP can be thawed by INIT.

Description:

  The kdump_cpu_freeze() is called on cpus except one that initiates
  panic and/or kdump, to stop/offline the cpu (on ia64, it means we
  pass control of cpus to SAL, or put them in spinloop).  Note that
  CPU0(BSP) always go to spinloop, so if panic was happened on an AP,
  there are at least 2cpus (= the AP and BSP) which not back to SAL.

  On the spinning cpus, interrupts are disabled (rsm psr.i), but INIT
  is still interruptible because psr.mc for mask them is not set unless
  kdump_cpu_freeze() is not called from MCA/INIT context.

  Therefore, assume that a panic was happened on an AP, kdump was
  invoked, new INIT handlers for kdump kernel was registered and then
  an INIT is asserted.  From the viewpoint of SAL, there are 2 online
  cpus, so INIT will be delivered to both of them.  It likely means
  that not only the AP (= a cpu executing kdump) enters INIT handler
  which is newly registered, but also BSP (= another cpu spinning in
  panicked kernel) enters the same INIT handler.  Of course setting of
  registers in BSP are still old (for panicked kernel), so what happen
  with running handler with wrong setting will be extremely unexpected.
  I believe this is not desirable behavior.

How to Reproduce:

  Start kdump on one of APs (e.g. cpu1)
    # taskset 0x2 echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger
  Then assert INIT after kdump kernel is booted, after new INIT handler
  for kdump kernel is registered.

Expected results:

  An INIT handler is invoked only on the AP.

Actual results:

  An INIT handler is invoked on the AP and BSP.

Sample of results:

  I got following console log by asserting INIT after prompt "root:/>".
  It seems that two monarchs appeared by one INIT, and one panicked at
  last.  And it also seems that the panicked one supposed there were
  4 online cpus and no one did rendezvous:

    :
    [  0 %]dropping to initramfs shell
    exiting this shell will reboot your system
    root:/> Entered OS INIT handler. PSP=fff301a0 cpu=0 monarch=0
    ia64_init_handler: Promoting cpu 0 to monarch.
    Delaying for 5 seconds...
    All OS INIT slaves have reached rendezvous
    Processes interrupted by INIT - 0 (cpu 0 task 0xa000000100af0000)
    :
    <<snip>>
    :
    Entered OS INIT handler. PSP=fff301a0 cpu=0 monarch=1
    Delaying for 5 seconds...
    mlogbuf_finish: printing switched to urgent mode, MCA/INIT might be dodgy or fail.
    OS INIT slave did not rendezvous on cpu 1 2 3
    INIT swapper 0[0]: bugcheck! 0 [1]
    :
    <<snip>>
    :
    Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill the idle task!

Proposed fix:

  To avoid this problem, this patch inserts ia64_set_psr_mc() to mask
  INIT on cpus going to be frozen.  This masking have no effect if the
  kdump_cpu_freeze() is called from INIT handler when kdump_on_init == 1,
  because psr.mc is already turned on to 1 before entering OS_INIT.
  I confirmed that weird log like above are disappeared after applying
  this patch.
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Haren Myneni <hbabu@us.ibm.com>
Cc: kexec@lists.infradead.org
Acked-by: NFenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Dynamic TR resource should be managed in the uniform way.
Add two interfaces for kernel:
ia64_itr_entry: Allocate a (pair of) TR for caller.
ia64_ptr_entry: Purge a (pair of ) TR by caller.
Signed-off-by: NXiantao Zhang <xiantao.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAnthony Xu <anthony.xu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Unified changelog, 80 columns rule, and address form fix.
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Linux does not gracefully deal with multiple processors going
through OS_MCA aa part of the same MCA event.  The first cpu
into OS_MCA grabs the ia64_mca_serialize lock.  Subsequent
cpus wait for that lock, preventing them from reporting in as
rendezvoused.  The first cpu waits 5 seconds then complains
that all the cpus have not rendezvoused.  The first cpu then
handles its MCA and frees up all the rendezvoused cpus and
releases the ia64_mca_serialize lock.  One of the subsequent
cpus going thought OS_MCA then gets the ia64_mca_serialize
lock, waits another 5 seconds and then complains that none of
the other cpus have rendezvoused.

This patch allows multiple CPUs to gracefully go through OS_MCA.

The first CPU into ia64_mca_handler() grabs a mca_count lock.
Subsequent CPUs into ia64_mca_handler() are added to a list of cpus
that need to go through OS_MCA (a bit set in mca_cpu), and report
in as rendezvoused, and but spin waiting their turn.

The first CPU sees everyone rendezvous, handles his MCA, wakes up
one of the other CPUs waiting to process their MCA (by clearing
one mca_cpu bit), and then waits for the other cpus to complete
their MCA handling.  The next CPU handles his MCA and the process
repeats until all the CPUs have handled their MCA.  When the last
CPU has handled it's MCA, it sets monarch_cpu to -1, releasing all
the CPUs.

In testing this works more reliably and faster.

Thanks to Keith Owens for suggesting numerous improvements
to this code.
Signed-off-by: NRuss Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Instead of pinning per-cpu TLB into a DTR, use DTC.  This will free up
one TLB entry for application, or even kernel if access pattern to
per-cpu data area has high temporal locality.

Since per-cpu is mapped at the top of region 7 address, we just need to
add special case in alt_dtlb_miss.  The physical address of per-cpu data
is already conveniently stored in IA64_KR(PER_CPU_DATA).  Latency for
alt_dtlb_miss is not affected as we can hide all the latency.  It was
measured that alt_dtlb_miss handler has 23 cycles latency before and
after the patch.

The performance effect is massive for applications that put lots of tlb
pressure on CPU.  Workload environment like database online transaction
processing or application uses tera-byte of memory would benefit the most.
Measurement with industry standard database benchmark shown an upward
of 1.6% gain.  While smaller workloads like cpu, java also showing small
improvement.
Signed-off-by: NKen Chen <kenneth.w.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

When entering the kernel due to an MCA or INIT, ar.fpsr (ar40)
was not getting set to the kernel default value (remaining
at the user value).  The effect depends on the user setting 
of ar.fpsr.  In the test case, the effect was addresses 
printing with strange hex values.  

Setting ar.fpsr in ia64_set_kernel_registers sets it for both
the MCA and INIT paths.  The user value of ar.fpsr is correctly 
saved (in ia64_state_save) and restored (in ia64_state_restore).

Below is an example of output with very strange hex values.
Anyone know the value of hex 'g'?  :-)

Processes interrupted by INIT - 0 (cpu 14 task 0xdfffg55g7a4c6gA)

Signed-off-by: Russ Anderson (rja@sgi.com)
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

MCA dispatch code take physical address of GP passed from SAL, then call
DATA_PA_TO_VA twice on GP before call into C code.  The first time is
in ia64_set_kernel_register, the second time is in VIRTUAL_MODE_ENTER.
The gp is changed to a virtual address in region 7 because DATA_PA_TO_VA
is implemented by dep instruction.

However when notify blocks were called from MCA handler code, because
notify blocks are supported by callback function pointers, gp value
value was switched to region 5 again.

The patch set gp register to kernel gp of region 5 at entry of MCA
dispatch.
Signed-off-by: NZou Nan hai <nanhai.zou@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: NJörn Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de>
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>

struct ia64_sal_os_state has three semi-independent sections.  The code
in mca_asm.S assumes that these three sections are contiguous, which
makes it very awkward to add new data to this structure.  Remove the
assumption that the sections are contiguous.  Define a macro to shorten
references to offsets in ia64_sal_os_state.

This patch does not change the way that the code behaves.  It just
makes it easier to update the code in future and to add fields to
ia64_sal_os_state when debugging the MCA/INIT handlers.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Owens <kaos@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

The OS INIT handler is loading incorrect values into cr.ifa on exit.
This shows up as a hang when resuming after an INIT that is delivered
while a cpu is in user space.  Correct the value loaded into cr.ifa.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Owens <kaos@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

sos->os_status is set to a default value of IA64_MCA_COLD_BOOT for an
MCA, but then is incorrectly overwritten with IA64_MCA_SAME_CONTEXT (0).
This makes SAL think that all MCAs have been recovered.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Owens <kaos@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

On return from INIT handler we must convert the address of the
minstate area from a kernel virtual uncached address (0xC...)
to physical uncached (0x8...).  A typo (or thinko?) in the code
converted to physical cached.
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Wire the MCA/INIT handler stacks into DTR[2] and track them in
IA64_KR(CURRENT_STACK).  This gives the MCA/INIT handler stacks the
same TLB status as normal kernel stacks.  Reload the old CURRENT_STACK
data on return from OS to SAL.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Owens <kaos@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

The bulk of the change.  Use per cpu MCA/INIT stacks.  Change the SAL
to OS state (sos) to be per process.  Do all the assembler work on the
MCA/INIT stacks, leaving the original stack alone.  Pass per cpu state
data to the C handlers for MCA and INIT, which also means changing the
mca_drv interfaces slightly.  Lots of verification on whether the
original stack is usable before converting it to a sleeping process.
Signed-off-by: NKeith Owens <kaos@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

This patch is required to support cpu removal for IPF systems. Existing code
just fakes the real offline by keeping it run the idle thread, and polling
for the bit to re-appear in the cpu_state to get out of the idle loop.

For the cpu-offline to work correctly, we need to pass control of this CPU 
back to SAL so it can continue in the boot-rendez mode. This gives the
SAL control to not pick this cpu as the monarch processor for global MCA
events, and addition does not wait for this cpu to checkin with SAL
for global MCA events as well. The handoff is implemented as documented in 
SAL specification section 3.2.5.1 "OS_BOOT_RENDEZ to SAL return State"
Signed-off-by: NAshok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!