The vm_area_struct is one of the most fundamental memory management
objects, but the management of it is entirely open-coded evertwhere,
ranging from allocation and freeing (using kmem_cache_[z]alloc and
kmem_cache_free) to initializing all the fields.

We want to unify this in order to end up having some unified
initialization of the vmas, and the first step to this is to at least
have basic allocation functions.

Right now those functions are literally just wrappers around the
kmem_cache_*() calls.  This is a purely mechanical conversion:

    # new vma:
    kmem_cache_zalloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL) -> vm_area_alloc()

    # copy old vma
    kmem_cache_alloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL) -> vm_area_dup(old)

    # free vma
    kmem_cache_free(vm_area_cachep, vma) -> vm_area_free(vma)

to the point where the old vma passed in to the vm_area_dup() function
isn't even used yet (because I've left all the old manual initialization
alone).
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pass the vmem_altmap two levels down instead of needing a lookup.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

We can just pass this on instead of having to do a radix tree lookup
without proper locking 2 levels into the callchain.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

We can just pass this on instead of having to do a radix tree lookup
without proper locking 2 levels into the callchain.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: NKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

arch_add_memory gets for_device argument which then controls whether we
want to create memblocks for created memory sections.  Simplify the
logic by telling whether we want memblocks directly rather than going
through pointless negation.  This also makes the api easier to
understand because it is clear what we want rather than nothing telling
for_device which can mean anything.

This shouldn't introduce any functional change.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-13-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The current memory hotplug implementation relies on having all the
struct pages associate with a zone/node during the physical hotplug
phase (arch_add_memory->__add_pages->__add_section->__add_zone).  In the
vast majority of cases this means that they are added to ZONE_NORMAL.
This has been so since 9d99aaa3 ("[PATCH] x86_64: Support memory
hotadd without sparsemem") and it wasn't a big deal back then because
movable onlining didn't exist yet.

Much later memory hotplug wanted to (ab)use ZONE_MOVABLE for movable
onlining 511c2aba ("mm, memory-hotplug: dynamic configure movable
memory and portion memory") and then things got more complicated.
Rather than reconsidering the zone association which was no longer
needed (because the memory hotplug already depended on SPARSEMEM) a
convoluted semantic of zone shifting has been developed.  Only the
currently last memblock or the one adjacent to the zone_movable can be
onlined movable.  This essentially means that the online type changes as
the new memblocks are added.

Let's simulate memory hot online manually
  $ echo 0x100000000 > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones
  Normal Movable

  $ echo $((0x100000000+(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  $ echo $((0x100000000+2*(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  $ echo online_movable > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/state
  $ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable Normal

This is an awkward semantic because an udev event is sent as soon as the
block is onlined and an udev handler might want to online it based on
some policy (e.g.  association with a node) but it will inherently race
with new blocks showing up.

This patch changes the physical online phase to not associate pages with
any zone at all.  All the pages are just marked reserved and wait for
the onlining phase to be associated with the zone as per the online
request.  There are only two requirements

	- existing ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_MOVABLE cannot overlap

	- ZONE_NORMAL precedes ZONE_MOVABLE in physical addresses

the latter one is not an inherent requirement and can be changed in the
future.  It preserves the current behavior and made the code slightly
simpler.  This is subject to change in future.

This means that the same physical online steps as above will lead to the
following state: Normal Movable

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable

  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
  /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable

Implementation:
The current move_pfn_range is reimplemented to check the above
requirements (allow_online_pfn_range) and then updates the respective
zone (move_pfn_range_to_zone), the pgdat and links all the pages in the
pfn range with the zone/node.  __add_pages is updated to not require the
zone and only initializes sections in the range.  This allowed to
simplify the arch_add_memory code (s390 could get rid of quite some of
code).

devm_memremap_pages is the only user of arch_add_memory which relies on
the zone association because it only hooks into the memory hotplug only
half way.  It uses it to associate the new memory with ZONE_DEVICE but
doesn't allow it to be {on,off}lined via sysfs.  This means that this
particular code path has to call move_pfn_range_to_zone explicitly.

The original zone shifting code is kept in place and will be removed in
the follow up patch for an easier review.

Please note that this patch also changes the original behavior when
offlining a memory block adjacent to another zone (Normal vs.  Movable)
used to allow to change its movable type.  This will be handled later.

[richard.weiyang@gmail.com: simplify zone_intersects()]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616092335.5177-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
[richard.weiyang@gmail.com: remove duplicate call for set_page_links]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616092335.5177-2-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unused local `i']
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-12-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NWei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Tested-by: NReza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # For s390 bits
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Device memory hotplug hooks into regular memory hotplug only half way.
It needs memory sections to track struct pages but there is no
need/desire to associate those sections with memory blocks and export
them to the userspace via sysfs because they cannot be onlined anyway.

This is currently expressed by for_device argument to arch_add_memory
which then makes sure to associate the given memory range with
ZONE_DEVICE.  register_new_memory then relies on is_zone_device_section
to distinguish special memory hotplug from the regular one.  While this
works now, later patches in this series want to move __add_zone outside
of arch_add_memory path so we have to come up with something else.

Add want_memblock down the __add_pages path and use it to control
whether the section->memblock association should be done.
arch_add_memory then just trivially want memblock for everything but
for_device hotplug.

remove_memory_section doesn't need is_zone_device_section either.  We
can simply skip all the memblock specific cleanup if there is no
memblock for the given section.

This shouldn't introduce any functional change.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-5-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We are going to split <linux/sched/signal.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files.

Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/signal.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.

Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

We have a generic implementation for quite some time already.  If there
is any arch specific information to be printed then we should add a
callback called from the generic code rather than duplicate the whole
show_mem.

The current code has resulted in the code duplication and the output
divergence which is both confusing and adds maintainance costs.

Let's just get rid of this mess.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170117091543.25850-4-mhocko@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> [UniCore32]
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> [for parisc]
Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com> [for tile]
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:

  PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
  sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
        $(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)

to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While pmem is usable as a block device or via DAX mappings to userspace
there are several usage scenarios that can not target pmem due to its
lack of struct page coverage. In preparation for "hot plugging" pmem
into the vmemmap add ZONE_DEVICE as a new zone to tag these pages
separately from the ones that are subject to standard page allocations.
Importantly "device memory" can be removed at will by userspace
unbinding the driver of the device.

Having a separate zone prevents allocation and otherwise marks these
pages that are distinct from typical uniform memory.  Device memory has
different lifetime and performance characteristics than RAM.  However,
since we have run out of ZONES_SHIFT bits this functionality currently
depends on sacrificing ZONE_DMA.

Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <j.glisse@gmail.com>
[hch: various simplifications in the arch interface]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

In commit 92923ca3 "mm: meminit: only set page reserved in the memblock region"
we dropped setting the reserved bits for all pages. This results in some warnings
on ia64:

put_kernel_page: page at 0xe000000005588000 not in reserved memory
put_kernel_page: page at 0xe000000005588000 not in reserved memory
put_kernel_page: page at 0xe000000005580000 not in reserved memory
put_kernel_page: page at 0xe000000005580000 not in reserved memory
put_kernel_page: page at 0xe000000005580000 not in reserved memory
put_kernel_page: page at 0xe000000005580000 not in reserved memory

the two different pages match up with two objects from the loaded kernel
that get mapped by arch/ia64/mm/init.c:setup_gate()

a000000101588000 D __start_gate_section
a000000101580000 D empty_zero_page

In a discussion with Mel Gorman:
  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150526102219.GB13750%40suse.de
he suggested that while the preferred approach might be to
set the reserved bit for these pages, it would also be OK
to just drop the test:
   "as it's a debugging check that is ia-64 specific"

After hunting around a bit and failin to find a good place to mark these
pages as reserved - I decided to just delete the test.
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

All the ia64 pvops code is now dead code since both
xen and kvm support have been ripped out [0] [1]. Just
that no one had troubled to rip this stuff out. The only
useful remaining pieces were the old pvops docs but that
was recently also generalized and moved out from ia64 [2].

This has been run time tested on an ia64 Madison system.

[0] 003f7de6 "KVM: ia64: remove" since v3.19-rc1
[1] d52eefb4 "ia64/xen: Remove Xen support for ia64" since v3.14-rc1
[2] "virtual: Documentation: simplify and generalize paravirt_ops.txt"
Signed-off-by: NLuis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

As this series removes exec domain support we can
get rid of this hack.
Signed-off-by: NRichard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

The core mm code will provide a default gate area based on
FIXADDR_USER_START and FIXADDR_USER_END if
!defined(__HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA) && defined(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR).

This default is only useful for ia64.  arm64, ppc, s390, sh, tile, 64-bit
UML, and x86_32 have their own code just to disable it.  arm, 32-bit UML,
and x86_64 have gate areas, but they have their own implementations.

This gets rid of the default and moves the code into ia64.

This should save some code on architectures without a gate area: it's now
possible to inline the gate_area functions in the default case.
Signed-off-by: NAndy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Acked-by: NNathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com>
Acked-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> [in principle]
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> [for um]
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> [for arm64]
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Nathan Lynch <Nathan_Lynch@mentor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch introduces zone_for_memory() to arch_add_memory() on ia64 to
ensure new, higher memory added into ZONE_MOVABLE if movable zone has
already setup.
Signed-off-by: NWang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: "Mel Gorman" <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 4b59e6c4 ("mm, show_mem: suppress page counts in
non-blockable contexts") introduced SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT to
suppress PFN walks on large memory machines.  Commit c78e9363 ("mm:
do not walk all of system memory during show_mem") avoided a PFN walk in
the generic show_mem helper which removes the requirement for
SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT in that case.

This patch removes PFN walkers from the arch-specific implementations
that report on a per-node or per-zone granularity.  ARM and unicore32
still do a PFN walk as they report memory usage on each bank which is a
much finer granularity where the debugging information may still be of
use.  As the remaining arches doing PFN walks have relatively small
amounts of memory, this patch simply removes SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix parisc]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: James Bottomley <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use "pgdat_end_pfn()" instead of "pgdat->node_start_pfn +
pgdat->node_spanned_pages".  Simplify the code, no functional change.
Signed-off-by: NXishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Prepare for killing free_all_bootmem_node() by using free_all_bootmem().
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init().
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Concentrate code to modify totalram_pages into the mm core, so the arch
memory initialized code doesn't need to take care of it.  With these
changes applied, only following functions from mm core modify global
variable totalram_pages: free_bootmem_late(), free_all_bootmem(),
free_all_bootmem_node(), adjust_managed_page_count().

With this patch applied, it will be much more easier for us to keep
totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in consistence.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Address more review comments from last round of code review.
1) Enhance free_reserved_area() to support poisoning freed memory with
   pattern '0'. This could be used to get rid of poison_init_mem()
   on ARM64.
2) A previous patch has disabled memory poison for initmem on s390
   by mistake, so restore to the original behavior.
3) Remove redundant PAGE_ALIGN() when calling free_reserved_area().
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Change signature of free_reserved_area() according to Russell King's
suggestion to fix following build warnings:

  arch/arm/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
  arch/arm/mm/init.c:603:2: warning: passing argument 1 of 'free_reserved_area' makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default]
    free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, 0, NULL);
    ^
  In file included from include/linux/mman.h:4:0,
                   from arch/arm/mm/init.c:15:
  include/linux/mm.h:1301:22: note: expected 'long unsigned int' but argument is of type 'void *'
   extern unsigned long free_reserved_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,

   mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_reserved_area':
>> mm/page_alloc.c:5134:3: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
   In file included from arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:49:0,
                    from include/linux/mmzone.h:20,
                    from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
                    from include/linux/mm.h:8,
                    from mm/page_alloc.c:18:
   arch/mips/include/asm/io.h:119:29: note: expected 'const volatile void *' but argument is of type 'long unsigned int'
   mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init_nodes':
   mm/page_alloc.c:5030:34: warning: array subscript is below array bounds [-Warray-bounds]

Also address some minor code review comments.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Reported-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use common help functions to free reserved pages.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

For removing memory, we need to remove page tables.  But it depends on
architecture.  So the patch introduce arch_remove_memory() for removing
page table.  Now it only calls __remove_pages().

Note: __remove_pages() for some archtecuture is not implemented
      (I don't know how to implement it for s390).
Signed-off-by: NWen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NTang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Jianguo <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CONFIG_HOTPLUG is going away as an option.  As a result, the __dev*
markings need to be removed.

This change removes the use of __devinit, __devexit_p, __devinitdata,
and __devexit from these drivers.

Based on patches originally written by Bill Pemberton, but redone by me
in order to handle some of the coding style issues better, by hand.

Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Revert commit 7f1290f2 ("mm: fix-up zone present pages")

That patch tried to fix a issue when calculating zone->present_pages,
but it caused a regression on 32bit systems with HIGHMEM.  With that
change, reset_zone_present_pages() resets all zone->present_pages to
zero, and fixup_zone_present_pages() is called to recalculate
zone->present_pages when the boot allocator frees core memory pages into
buddy allocator.  Because highmem pages are not freed by bootmem
allocator, all highmem zones' present_pages becomes zero.

Various options for improving the situation are being discussed but for
now, let's return to the 3.6 code.

Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Tested-by: NChris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I think zone->present_pages indicates pages that buddy system can management,
it should be:

	zone->present_pages = spanned pages - absent pages - bootmem pages,

but is now:
	zone->present_pages = spanned pages - absent pages - memmap pages.

spanned pages: total size, including holes.
absent pages: holes.
bootmem pages: pages used in system boot, managed by bootmem allocator.
memmap pages: pages used by page structs.

This may cause zone->present_pages less than it should be.  For example,
numa node 1 has ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_MOVABLE, it's memmap and other
bootmem will be allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE, so ZONE_NORMAL's
present_pages should be spanned pages - absent pages, but now it also
minus memmap pages(free_area_init_core), which are actually allocated from
ZONE_MOVABLE.  When offlining all memory of a zone, this will cause
zone->present_pages less than 0, because present_pages is unsigned long
type, it is actually a very large integer, it indirectly caused
zone->watermark[WMARK_MIN] becomes a large
integer(setup_per_zone_wmarks()), than cause totalreserve_pages become a
large integer(calculate_totalreserve_pages()), and finally cause memory
allocating failure when fork process(__vm_enough_memory()).

[root@localhost ~]# dmesg
-bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory

I think the bug described in

  http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=134502182714186&w=2

is also caused by wrong zone present pages.

This patch intends to fix-up zone->present_pages when memory are freed to
buddy system on x86_64 and IA64 platforms.
Signed-off-by: NJianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Reported-by: NPetr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz>
Tested-by: NPetr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

A long time ago, in v2.4, VM_RESERVED kept swapout process off VMA,
currently it lost original meaning but still has some effects:

 | effect                 | alternative flags
-+------------------------+---------------------------------------------
1| account as reserved_vm | VM_IO
2| skip in core dump      | VM_IO, VM_DONTDUMP
3| do not merge or expand | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
4| do not mlock           | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP

This patch removes reserved_vm counter from mm_struct.  Seems like nobody
cares about it, it does not exported into userspace directly, it only
reduces total_vm showed in proc.

Thus VM_RESERVED can be replaced with VM_IO or pair VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.

remap_pfn_range() and io_remap_pfn_range() set VM_IO|VM_DONTEXPAND|VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_vmalloc_range() set VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c fixup]
Signed-off-by: NKonstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Disintegrate asm/system.h for IA64.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org

ia64 used early_node_map[] just to prime free_area_init_nodes().  Now
memblock can be used for the same purpose and early_node_map[] is
scheduled to be dropped.  Use memblock instead.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org

Fold all the mmu_gather rework patches into one for submission
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reported-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The old anon_vma code can lead to scalability issues with heavily forking
workloads.  Specifically, each anon_vma will be shared between the parent
process and all its child processes.

In a workload with 1000 child processes and a VMA with 1000 anonymous
pages per process that get COWed, this leads to a system with a million
anonymous pages in the same anon_vma, each of which is mapped in just one
of the 1000 processes.  However, the current rmap code needs to walk them
all, leading to O(N) scanning complexity for each page.

This can result in systems where one CPU is walking the page tables of
1000 processes in page_referenced_one, while all other CPUs are stuck on
the anon_vma lock.  This leads to catastrophic failure for a benchmark
like AIM7, where the total number of processes can reach in the tens of
thousands.  Real workloads are still a factor 10 less process intensive
than AIM7, but they are catching up.

This patch changes the way anon_vmas and VMAs are linked, which allows us
to associate multiple anon_vmas with a VMA.  At fork time, each child
process gets its own anon_vmas, in which its COWed pages will be
instantiated.  The parents' anon_vma is also linked to the VMA, because
non-COWed pages could be present in any of the children.

This reduces rmap scanning complexity to O(1) for the pages of the 1000
child processes, with O(N) complexity for at most 1/N pages in the system.
 This reduces the average scanning cost in heavily forking workloads from
O(N) to 2.

The only real complexity in this patch stems from the fact that linking a
VMA to anon_vmas now involves memory allocations.  This means vma_adjust
can fail, if it needs to attach a VMA to anon_vma structures.  This in
turn means error handling needs to be added to the calling functions.

A second source of complexity is that, because there can be multiple
anon_vmas, the anon_vma linking in vma_adjust can no longer be done under
"the" anon_vma lock.  To prevent the rmap code from walking up an
incomplete VMA, this patch introduces the VM_LOCK_RMAP VMA flag.  This bit
flag uses the same slot as the NOMMU VM_MAPPED_COPY, with an ifdef in mm.h
to make sure it is impossible to compile a kernel that needs both symbolic
values for the same bitflag.

Some test results:

Without the anon_vma changes, when AIM7 hits around 9.7k users (on a test
box with 16GB RAM and not quite enough IO), the system ends up running
>99% in system time, with every CPU on the same anon_vma lock in the
pageout code.

With these changes, AIM7 hits the cross-over point around 29.7k users.
This happens with ~99% IO wait time, there never seems to be any spike in
system time.  The anon_vma lock contention appears to be resolved.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This has been broken since May 2008 when Al Viro killed altroot support.
Since nobody has complained, it would appear that there are no users of
this code (A plausible theory since the main OSVs that support ia64 prefer
to use the IA32-EL software emulation).
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

Make sure compiler won't do weird things with limits. E.g. fetching
them twice may return 2 different values after writable limits are
implemented.

I.e. either use rlimit helpers added in
3e10e716
or ACCESS_ONCE if not applicable.
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

If CONFIG_VIRTUAL_MEM_MAP is enabled, ia64 defines macro VMALLOC_END
as unsigned long variable vmalloc_end which is adjusted to prepare
room for vmemmap.  This becomes probnlematic if a local variables
vmalloc_end is defined in some function (not very unlikely) and
VMALLOC_END is used in the function - the function thinks its
referencing the global VMALLOC_END value but would be referencing its
own local vmalloc_end variable.

There's no reason VMALLOC_END should be a macro.  Just define it as an
unsigned long variable if CONFIG_VIRTUAL_MEM_MAP is set to avoid nasty
surprises.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: linux-ia64 <linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>

For /proc/kcore, each arch registers its memory range by kclist_add().
In usual,

	- range of physical memory
	- range of vmalloc area
	- text, etc...

are registered but "range of physical memory" has some troubles.  It
doesn't updated at memory hotplug and it tend to include unnecessary
memory holes.  Now, /proc/iomem (kernel/resource.c) includes required
physical memory range information and it's properly updated at memory
hotplug.  Then, it's good to avoid using its own code(duplicating
information) and to rebuild kclist for physical memory based on
/proc/iomem.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Some 64bit arch has special segment for mapping kernel text.  It should be
entried to /proc/kcore in addtion to direct-linear-map, vmalloc area.
This patch unifies KCORE_TEXT entry scattered under x86 and ia64.

I'm not familiar with other archs (mips has its own even after this patch)
but range of [_stext ..._end) is a valid area of text and it's not in
direct-map area, defining CONFIG_ARCH_PROC_KCORE_TEXT is only a necessary
thing to do.

Note: I left mips as it is now.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

For /proc/kcore, vmalloc areas are registered per arch.  But, all of them
registers same range of [VMALLOC_START...VMALLOC_END) This patch unifies
them.  By this.  archs which have no kclist_add() hooks can see vmalloc
area correctly.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>