Change the per page last fault tracking to use cpu,pid instead of
nid,pid. This will allow us to try and lookup the alternate task more
easily. Note that even though it is the cpu that is store in the page
flags that the mpol_misplaced decision is still based on the node.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-43-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
[ Fixed build failure on 32-bit systems. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Ideally it would be possible to distinguish between NUMA hinting faults that
are private to a task and those that are shared. If treated identically
there is a risk that shared pages bounce between nodes depending on
the order they are referenced by tasks. Ultimately what is desirable is
that task private pages remain local to the task while shared pages are
interleaved between sharing tasks running on different nodes to give good
average performance. This is further complicated by THP as even
applications that partition their data may not be partitioning on a huge
page boundary.

To start with, this patch assumes that multi-threaded or multi-process
applications partition their data and that in general the private accesses
are more important for cpu->memory locality in the general case. Also,
no new infrastructure is required to treat private pages properly but
interleaving for shared pages requires additional infrastructure.

To detect private accesses the pid of the last accessing task is required
but the storage requirements are a high. This patch borrows heavily from
Ingo Molnar's patch "numa, mm, sched: Implement last-CPU+PID hash tracking"
to encode some bits from the last accessing task in the page flags as
well as the node information. Collisions will occur but it is better than
just depending on the node information. Node information is then used to
determine if a page needs to migrate. The PID information is used to detect
private/shared accesses. The preferred NUMA node is selected based on where
the maximum number of approximately private faults were measured. Shared
faults are not taken into consideration for a few reasons.

First, if there are many tasks sharing the page then they'll all move
towards the same node. The node will be compute overloaded and then
scheduled away later only to bounce back again. Alternatively the shared
tasks would just bounce around nodes because the fault information is
effectively noise. Either way accounting for shared faults the same as
private faults can result in lower performance overall.

The second reason is based on a hypothetical workload that has a small
number of very important, heavily accessed private pages but a large shared
array. The shared array would dominate the number of faults and be selected
as a preferred node even though it's the wrong decision.

The third reason is that multiple threads in a process will race each
other to fault the shared page making the fault information unreliable.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
[ Fix complication error when !NUMA_BALANCING. ]
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-30-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.deSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() has copy-pasted piece of handle_mm_fault()
to handle fallback path.

Let's consolidate code back by introducing VM_FAULT_FALLBACK return
code.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NHillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

truncate_pagecache() doesn't care about old size since commit
cedabed4 ("vfs: Fix vmtruncate() regression").  Let's drop it.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Unlike global OOM handling, memory cgroup code will invoke the OOM killer
in any OOM situation because it has no way of telling faults occuring in
kernel context - which could be handled more gracefully - from
user-triggered faults.

Pass a flag that identifies faults originating in user space from the
architecture-specific fault handlers to generic code so that memcg OOM
handling can be improved.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: azurIt <azurit@pobox.sk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

compound lock is introduced by commit e9da73d6("thp: compound_lock."), it
is used to serialize put_page against __split_huge_page_refcount().  In
addition, transparent hugepages will be splitted in hwpoison handler and
just one subpage will be poisoned.  There is unnecessary to hold compound
lock for hugetlbfs page.  This patch replace compound_trans_order by
compond_order in the place where the page is hugetlbfs page.
Signed-off-by: NWanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently munlock_vma_pages_range() calls follow_page_mask() to obtain
each individual struct page.  This entails repeated full page table
translations and page table lock taken for each page separately.

This patch avoids the costly follow_page_mask() where possible, by
iterating over ptes within single pmd under single page table lock.  The
first pte is obtained by get_locked_pte() for non-THP page acquired by the
initial follow_page_mask().  The rest of the on-stack pagevec for munlock
is filled up using pte_walk as long as pte_present() and vm_normal_page()
are sufficient to obtain the struct page.

After this patch, a 14% speedup was measured for munlocking a 56GB large
memory area with THP disabled.
Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pavel reported that in case if vma area get unmapped and then mapped (or
expanded) in-place, the soft dirty tracker won't be able to recognize this
situation since it works on pte level and ptes are get zapped on unmap,
loosing soft dirty bit of course.

So to resolve this situation we need to track actions on vma level, there
VM_SOFTDIRTY flag comes in.  When new vma area created (or old expanded)
we set this bit, and keep it here until application calls for clearing
soft dirty bit.

Thus when user space application track memory changes now it can detect if
vma area is renewed.
Reported-by: NPavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If the firmware indicates in GHES error data entry that the error threshold
has exceeded for a corrected error event, then we try to soft-offline the
page. This could be called in interrupt context, so we queue this up similar
to how we handle memory failure scenarios.
Signed-off-by: NNaveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>

These VM_<READfoo> macros aren't used very often and three of them
aren't used at all.

Expand the ones that are used in-place, and remove all the now unused
#define VM_<foo> macros.

VM_READHINTMASK, VM_NormalReadHint and VM_ClearReadHint were added just
before 2.4 and appears have never been used.
Signed-off-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce a helper function set_max_mapnr() to set global variable
max_mapnr.

Also unify condition compilation for max_mapnr with
CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES instead of CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Now all references to num_physpages have been removed, so kill it.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce helper function mem_init_print_info() to simplify mem_init()
across different architectures, which also unifies the format and
information printed.

Function mem_init_print_info() calculates memory statistics information
without walking each page, so it should be a little faster on some
architectures.

Also introduce another helper get_num_physpages() to kill the global
variable num_physpages.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently lock_memory_hotplug()/unlock_memory_hotplug() are used to
protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages.  Other than the memory
hotplug driver, totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages may also be
modified at runtime by other drivers, such as Xen balloon,
virtio_balloon etc.  For those cases, memory hotplug lock is a little
too heavy, so introduce a dedicated lock to protect totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages.

Now we have a simplified locking rules totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages as:

1) no locking for read accesses because they are unsigned long.
2) no locking for write accesses at boot time in single-threaded context.
3) serialize write accesses at runtime by acquiring the dedicated
   managed_page_count_lock.

Also adjust zone->managed_pages when freeing reserved pages into the
buddy system, to keep totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in
consistence.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't export adjust_managed_page_count to modules (for now)]
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Address more review comments from last round of code review.
1) Enhance free_reserved_area() to support poisoning freed memory with
   pattern '0'. This could be used to get rid of poison_init_mem()
   on ARM64.
2) A previous patch has disabled memory poison for initmem on s390
   by mistake, so restore to the original behavior.
3) Remove redundant PAGE_ALIGN() when calling free_reserved_area().
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Change signature of free_reserved_area() according to Russell King's
suggestion to fix following build warnings:

  arch/arm/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init':
  arch/arm/mm/init.c:603:2: warning: passing argument 1 of 'free_reserved_area' makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default]
    free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, 0, NULL);
    ^
  In file included from include/linux/mman.h:4:0,
                   from arch/arm/mm/init.c:15:
  include/linux/mm.h:1301:22: note: expected 'long unsigned int' but argument is of type 'void *'
   extern unsigned long free_reserved_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,

   mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_reserved_area':
>> mm/page_alloc.c:5134:3: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default]
   In file included from arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:49:0,
                    from include/linux/mmzone.h:20,
                    from include/linux/gfp.h:4,
                    from include/linux/mm.h:8,
                    from mm/page_alloc.c:18:
   arch/mips/include/asm/io.h:119:29: note: expected 'const volatile void *' but argument is of type 'long unsigned int'
   mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init_nodes':
   mm/page_alloc.c:5030:34: warning: array subscript is below array bounds [-Warray-bounds]

Also address some minor code review comments.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Reported-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

To test whether an address is aligned to PAGE_SIZE.

Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>,
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently there is no way to truncate partial page where the end
truncate point is not at the end of the page. This is because it was not
needed and the functionality was enough for file system truncate
operation to work properly. However more file systems now support punch
hole feature and it can benefit from mm supporting truncating page just
up to the certain point.

Specifically, with this functionality truncate_inode_pages_range() can
be changed so it supports truncating partial page at the end of the
range (currently it will BUG_ON() if 'end' is not at the end of the
page).

This commit changes the invalidatepage() address space operation
prototype to accept range to be invalidated and update all the instances
for it.

We also change the block_invalidatepage() in the same way and actually
make a use of the new length argument implementing range invalidation.

Actual file system implementations will follow except the file systems
where the changes are really simple and should not change the behaviour
in any way .Implementation for truncate_page_range() which will be able
to accept page unaligned ranges will follow as well.
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>

That nameless-function-arguments thing drives me batty.  Fix.

Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add an admin_reserve_kbytes knob to allow admins to change the hardcoded
memory reserve to something other than 3%, which may be multiple
gigabytes on large memory systems.  Only about 8MB is necessary to
enable recovery in the default mode, and only a few hundred MB are
required even when overcommit is disabled.

This affects OVERCOMMIT_GUESS and OVERCOMMIT_NEVER.

admin_reserve_kbytes is initialized to min(3% free pages, 8MB)

I arrived at 8MB by summing the RSS of sshd or login, bash, and top.

Please see first patch in this series for full background, motivation,
testing, and full changelog.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make init_admin_reserve() static]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add user_reserve_kbytes knob.

Limit the growth of the memory reserved for other user processes to
min(3% current process size, user_reserve_pages).  Only about 8MB is
necessary to enable recovery in the default mode, and only a few hundred
MB are required even when overcommit is disabled.

user_reserve_pages defaults to min(3% free pages, 128MB)

I arrived at 128MB by taking the max VSZ of sshd, login, bash, and top ...
then adding the RSS of each.

This only affects OVERCOMMIT_NEVER mode.

Background

1. user reserve

__vm_enough_memory reserves a hardcoded 3% of the current process size for
other applications when overcommit is disabled.  This was done so that a
user could recover if they launched a memory hogging process.  Without the
reserve, a user would easily run into a message such as:

bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory

2. admin reserve

Additionally, a hardcoded 3% of free memory is reserved for root in both
overcommit 'guess' and 'never' modes.  This was intended to prevent a
scenario where root-cant-log-in and perform recovery operations.

Note that this reserve shrinks, and doesn't guarantee a useful reserve.

Motivation

The two hardcoded memory reserves should be updated to account for current
memory sizes.

Also, the admin reserve would be more useful if it didn't shrink too much.

When the current code was originally written, 1GB was considered
"enterprise".  Now the 3% reserve can grow to multiple GB on large memory
systems, and it only needs to be a few hundred MB at most to enable a user
or admin to recover a system with an unwanted memory hogging process.

I've found that reducing these reserves is especially beneficial for a
specific type of application load:

 * single application system
 * one or few processes (e.g. one per core)
 * allocating all available memory
 * not initializing every page immediately
 * long running

I've run scientific clusters with this sort of load.  A long running job
sometimes failed many hours (weeks of CPU time) into a calculation.  They
weren't initializing all of their memory immediately, and they weren't
using calloc, so I put systems into overcommit 'never' mode.  These
clusters run diskless and have no swap.

However, with the current reserves, a user wishing to allocate as much
memory as possible to one process may be prevented from using, for
example, almost 2GB out of 32GB.

The effect is less, but still significant when a user starts a job with
one process per core.  I have repeatedly seen a set of processes
requesting the same amount of memory fail because one of them could not
allocate the amount of memory a user would expect to be able to allocate.
For example, Message Passing Interfce (MPI) processes, one per core.  And
it is similar for other parallel programming frameworks.

Changing this reserve code will make the overcommit never mode more useful
by allowing applications to allocate nearly all of the available memory.

Also, the new admin_reserve_kbytes will be safer than the current behavior
since the hardcoded 3% of available memory reserve can shrink to something
useless in the case where applications have grabbed all available memory.

Risks

* "bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory"

  The downside of the first patch-- which creates a tunable user reserve
  that is only used in overcommit 'never' mode--is that an admin can set
  it so low that a user may not be able to kill their process, even if
  they already have a shell prompt.

  Of course, a user can get in the same predicament with the current 3%
  reserve--they just have to launch processes until 3% becomes negligible.

* root-cant-log-in problem

  The second patch, adding the tunable rootuser_reserve_pages, allows
  the admin to shoot themselves in the foot by setting it too small.  They
  can easily get the system into a state where root-can't-log-in.

  However, the new admin_reserve_kbytes will be safer than the current
  behavior since the hardcoded 3% of available memory reserve can shrink
  to something useless in the case where applications have grabbed all
  available memory.

Alternatives

 * Memory cgroups provide a more flexible way to limit application memory.

   Not everyone wants to set up cgroups or deal with their overhead.

 * We could create a fourth overcommit mode which provides smaller reserves.

   The size of useful reserves may be drastically different depending
   on the whether the system is embedded or enterprise.

 * Force users to initialize all of their memory or use calloc.

   Some users don't want/expect the system to overcommit when they malloc.
   Overcommit 'never' mode is for this scenario, and it should work well.

The new user and admin reserve tunables are simple to use, with low
overhead compared to cgroups.  The patches preserve current behavior where
3% of memory is less than 128MB, except that the admin reserve doesn't
shrink to an unusable size under pressure.  The code allows admins to tune
for embedded and enterprise usage.

FAQ

 * How is the root-cant-login problem addressed?
   What happens if admin_reserve_pages is set to 0?

   Root is free to shoot themselves in the foot by setting
   admin_reserve_kbytes too low.

   On x86_64, the minimum useful reserve is:
     8MB for overcommit 'guess'
   128MB for overcommit 'never'

   admin_reserve_pages defaults to min(3% free memory, 8MB)

   So, anyone switching to 'never' mode needs to adjust
   admin_reserve_pages.

 * How do you calculate a minimum useful reserve?

   A user or the admin needs enough memory to login and perform
   recovery operations, which includes, at a minimum:

   sshd or login + bash (or some other shell) + top (or ps, kill, etc.)

   For overcommit 'guess', we can sum resident set sizes (RSS)
   because we only need enough memory to handle what the recovery
   programs will typically use. On x86_64 this is about 8MB.

   For overcommit 'never', we can take the max of their virtual sizes (VSZ)
   and add the sum of their RSS. We use VSZ instead of RSS because mode
   forces us to ensure we can fulfill all of the requested memory allocations--
   even if the programs only use a fraction of what they ask for.
   On x86_64 this is about 128MB.

   When swap is enabled, reserves are useful even when they are as
   small as 10MB, regardless of overcommit mode.

   When both swap and overcommit are disabled, then the admin should
   tune the reserves higher to be absolutley safe. Over 230MB each
   was safest in my testing.

 * What happens if user_reserve_pages is set to 0?

   Note, this only affects overcomitt 'never' mode.

   Then a user will be able to allocate all available memory minus
   admin_reserve_kbytes.

   However, they will easily see a message such as:

   "bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory"

   And they won't be able to recover/kill their application.
   The admin should be able to recover the system if
   admin_reserve_kbytes is set appropriately.

 * What's the difference between overcommit 'guess' and 'never'?

   "Guess" allows an allocation if there are enough free + reclaimable
   pages. It has a hardcoded 3% of free pages reserved for root.

   "Never" allows an allocation if there is enough swap + a configurable
   percentage (default is 50) of physical RAM. It has a hardcoded 3% of
   free pages reserved for root, like "Guess" mode. It also has a
   hardcoded 3% of the current process size reserved for additional
   applications.

 * Why is overcommit 'guess' not suitable even when an app eventually
   writes to every page? It takes free pages, file pages, available
   swap pages, reclaimable slab pages into consideration. In other words,
   these are all pages available, then why isn't overcommit suitable?

   Because it only looks at the present state of the system. It
   does not take into account the memory that other applications have
   malloced, but haven't initialized yet. It overcommits the system.

Test Summary

There was little change in behavior in the default overcommit 'guess'
mode with swap enabled before and after the patch. This was expected.

Systems run most predictably (i.e. no oom kills) in overcommit 'never'
mode with swap enabled. This also allowed the most memory to be allocated
to a user application.

Overcommit 'guess' mode without swap is a bad idea. It is easy to
crash the system. None of the other tested combinations crashed.
This matches my experience on the Roadrunner supercomputer.

Without the tunable user reserve, a system in overcommit 'never' mode
and without swap does not allow the admin to recover, although the
admin can.

With the new tunable reserves, a system in overcommit 'never' mode
and without swap can be configured to:

1. maximize user-allocatable memory, running close to the edge of
recoverability

2. maximize recoverability, sacrificing allocatable memory to
ensure that a user cannot take down a system

Test Description

Fedora 18 VM - 4 x86_64 cores, 5725MB RAM, 4GB Swap

System is booted into multiuser console mode, with unnecessary services
turned off. Caches were dropped before each test.

Hogs are user memtester processes that attempt to allocate all free memory
as reported by /proc/meminfo

In overcommit 'never' mode, memory_ratio=100

Test Results

3.9.0-rc1-mm1

Overcommit | Swap | Hogs | MB Got/Wanted | OOMs | User Recovery | Admin Recovery
----------   ----   ----   -------------   ----   -------------   --------------
guess        yes    1      5432/5432       no     yes             yes
guess        yes    4      5444/5444       1      yes             yes
guess        no     1      5302/5449       no     yes             yes
guess        no     4      -               crash  no              no

never        yes    1      5460/5460       1      yes             yes
never        yes    4      5460/5460       1      yes             yes
never        no     1      5218/5432       no     no              yes
never        no     4      5203/5448       no     no              yes

3.9.0-rc1-mm1-tunablereserves

User and Admin Recovery show their respective reserves, if applicable.

Overcommit | Swap | Hogs | MB Got/Wanted | OOMs | User Recovery | Admin Recovery
----------   ----   ----   -------------   ----   -------------   --------------
guess        yes    1      5419/5419       no     - yes           8MB yes
guess        yes    4      5436/5436       1      - yes           8MB yes
guess        no     1      5440/5440       *      - yes           8MB yes
guess        no     4      -               crash  - no            8MB no

* process would successfully mlock, then the oom killer would pick it

never        yes    1      5446/5446       no     10MB yes        20MB yes
never        yes    4      5456/5456       no     10MB yes        20MB yes
never        no     1      5387/5429       no     128MB no        8MB barely
never        no     1      5323/5428       no     226MB barely    8MB barely
never        no     1      5323/5428       no     226MB barely    8MB barely

never        no     1      5359/5448       no     10MB no         10MB barely

never        no     1      5323/5428       no     0MB no          10MB barely
never        no     1      5332/5428       no     0MB no          50MB yes
never        no     1      5293/5429       no     0MB no          90MB yes

never        no     1      5001/5427       no     230MB yes       338MB yes
never        no     4*     4998/5424       no     230MB yes       338MB yes

* more memtesters were launched, able to allocate approximately another 100MB

Future Work

 - Test larger memory systems.

 - Test an embedded image.

 - Test other architectures.

 - Time malloc microbenchmarks.

 - Would it be useful to be able to set overcommit policy for
   each memory cgroup?

 - Some lines are slightly above 80 chars.
   Perhaps define a macro to convert between pages and kb?
   Other places in the kernel do this.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make init_user_reserve() static]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

powerpc and x86 were opencoding copies of setup_nr_node_ids(), which
page_alloc provides but makes static.  Make it avaliable to the archs in
linux/mm.h.
Signed-off-by: NCody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The sparse code, when asking the architecture to populate the vmemmap,
specifies the section range as a starting page and a number of pages.

This is an awkward interface, because none of the arch-specific code
actually thinks of the range in terms of 'struct page' units and always
translates it to bytes first.

In addition, later patches mix huge page and regular page backing for
the vmemmap.  For this, they need to call vmemmap_populate_basepages()
on sub-section ranges with PAGE_SIZE and PMD_SIZE in mind.  But these
are not necessarily multiples of the 'struct page' size and so this unit
is too coarse.

Just translate the section range into bytes once in the generic sparse
code, then pass byte ranges down the stack.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Cc: Bernhard Schmidt <Bernhard.Schmidt@lrz.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Tested-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

drop_caches.c provides code only invokable via sysctl, so don't compile it
in when CONFIG_SYSCTL=n.
Signed-off-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The original goal of this patchset is to fix the bug reported by

  https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501

Now it has also been expanded to reduce common code used by memory
initializion.

This is the second part, which applies to the previous part at:
  http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=136289696323825&w=2

It introduces a helper function free_highmem_page() to free highmem
pages into the buddy system when initializing mm subsystem.
Introduction of free_highmem_page() is one step forward to clean up
accesses and modificaitons of totalhigh_pages, totalram_pages and
zone->managed_pages etc. I hope we could remove all references to
totalhigh_pages from the arch/ subdirectory.

We have only tested these patchset on x86 platforms, and have done basic
compliation tests using cross-compilers from ftp.kernel.org. That means
some code may not pass compilation on some architectures. So any help
to test this patchset are welcomed!

There are several other parts still under development:
Part3: refine code to manage totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages and
	zone->managed_pages
Part4: introduce helper functions to simplify mem_init() and remove the
	global variable num_physpages.

This patch:

Introduce helper function free_highmem_page(), which will be used by
architectures with HIGHMEM enabled to free highmem pages into the buddy
system.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "Suzuki K. Poulose" <suzuki@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The original goal of this patchset is to fix the bug reported by

  https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501

Now it has also been expanded to reduce common code used by memory
initializion.

This is the first part, which applies to v3.9-rc1.

It introduces following common helper functions to simplify
free_initmem() and free_initrd_mem() on different architectures:

adjust_managed_page_count():
	will be used to adjust totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages,
	zone->managed_pages when reserving/unresering a page.

__free_reserved_page():
	free a reserved page into the buddy system without adjusting
	page statistics info

free_reserved_page():
	free a reserved page into the buddy system and adjust page
	statistics info

mark_page_reserved():
	mark a page as reserved and adjust page statistics info

free_reserved_area():
	free a continous ranges of pages by calling free_reserved_page()

free_initmem_default():
	default method to free __init pages.

We have only tested these patchset on x86 platforms, and have done basic
compliation tests using cross-compilers from ftp.kernel.org.  That means
some code may not pass compilation on some architectures.  So any help to
test this patchset are welcomed!

There are several other parts still under development:
Part2: introduce free_highmem_page() to simplify freeing highmem pages
Part3: refine code to manage totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages and
	zone->managed_pages
Part4: introduce helper functions to simplify mem_init() and remove the
	global variable num_physpages.

This patch:

Code to deal with reserved/managed pages are duplicated by many
architectures, so introduce common help functions to reduce duplicated
code.  These common help functions will also be used to concentrate code
to modify totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages, which makes the code
much more clear.
Signed-off-by: NJiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Acked-by: NGeert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Anatolij Gustschin <agust@denx.de>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Koichi Yasutake <yasutake.koichi@jp.panasonic.com>
Cc: Lennox Wu <lennox.wu@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

On large systems with a lot of memory, walking all RAM to determine page
types may take a half second or even more.

In non-blockable contexts, the page allocator will emit a page allocation
failure warning unless __GFP_NOWARN is specified.  In such contexts, irqs
are typically disabled and such a lengthy delay may even result in NMI
watchdog timeouts.

To fix this, suppress the page walk in such contexts when printing the
page allocation failure warning.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Various drivers end up replicating the code to mmap() their memory
buffers into user space, and our core memory remapping function may be
very flexible but it is unnecessarily complicated for the common cases
to use.

Our internal VM uses pfn's ("page frame numbers") which simplifies
things for the VM, and allows us to pass physical addresses around in a
denser and more efficient format than passing a "phys_addr_t" around,
and having to shift it up and down by the page size.  But it just means
that drivers end up doing that shifting instead at the interface level.

It also means that drivers end up mucking around with internal VM things
like the vma details (vm_pgoff, vm_start/end) way more than they really
need to.

So this just exports a function to map a certain physical memory range
into user space (using a phys_addr_t based interface that is much more
natural for a driver) and hides all the complexity from the driver.
Some drivers will still end up tweaking the vm_page_prot details for
things like prefetching or cacheability etc, but that's actually
relevant to the driver, rather than caring about what the page offset of
the mapping is into the particular IO memory region.
Acked-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This reverts commit 18693050 ("mm: introduce VM_POPULATE flag to
better deal with racy userspace programs").

VM_POPULATE only has any effect when userspace plays racy games with
vmas by trying to unmap and remap memory regions that mmap or mlock are
operating on.

Also, the only effect of VM_POPULATE when userspace plays such games is
that it avoids populating new memory regions that get remapped into the
address range that was being operated on by the original mmap or mlock
calls.

Let's remove VM_POPULATE as there isn't any strong argument to mandate a
new vm_flag.
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The extern in sys_sparc_64.c was a rudiment of time when do_mremap()
used to exist in MMU case (it doesn't anymore).  As for !MMU one,
nothing uses it outside of mm/nommu.c...
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Commit cc2383ec ("mm: introduce
arch-specific vma flag VM_ARCH_1") merged in v3.7-rc1.

The above commit combined several arch-specific vma flags into one, and
in the process it changed the VM_GROWSUP definition to depend on
specific architectures rather than CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP. Therefore add
an ifdef for CONFIG_METAG to also set VM_GROWSUP.
Signed-off-by: NJames Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org

Tim found:

  WARNING: at arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:324 topology_sane.isra.2+0x6f/0x80()
  Hardware name: S2600CP
  sched: CPU #1's llc-sibling CPU #0 is not on the same node! [node: 1 != 0]. Ignoring dependency.
  smpboot: Booting Node   1, Processors  #1
  Modules linked in:
  Pid: 0, comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 3.9.0-0-generic #1
  Call Trace:
    set_cpu_sibling_map+0x279/0x449
    start_secondary+0x11d/0x1e5

Don Morris reproduced on a HP z620 workstation, and bisected it to
commit e8d19552 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock
is ready")

It turns out movable_map has some problems, and it breaks several things

1. numa_init is called several times, NOT just for srat. so those
	nodes_clear(numa_nodes_parsed)
	memset(&numa_meminfo, 0, sizeof(numa_meminfo))
   can not be just removed.  Need to consider sequence is: numaq, srat, amd, dummy.
   and make fall back path working.

2. simply split acpi_numa_init to early_parse_srat.
   a. that early_parse_srat is NOT called for ia64, so you break ia64.
   b.  for (i = 0; i < MAX_LOCAL_APIC; i++)
	     set_apicid_to_node(i, NUMA_NO_NODE)
     still left in numa_init. So it will just clear result from early_parse_srat.
     it should be moved before that....
   c.  it breaks ACPI_TABLE_OVERIDE...as the acpi table scan is moved
       early before override from INITRD is settled.

3. that patch TITLE is total misleading, there is NO x86 in the title,
   but it changes critical x86 code. It caused x86 guys did not
   pay attention to find the problem early. Those patches really should
   be routed via tip/x86/mm.

4. after that commit, following range can not use movable ram:
  a. real_mode code.... well..funny, legacy Node0 [0,1M) could be hot-removed?
  b. initrd... it will be freed after booting, so it could be on movable...
  c. crashkernel for kdump...: looks like we can not put kdump kernel above 4G
	anymore.
  d. init_mem_mapping: can not put page table high anymore.
  e. initmem_init: vmemmap can not be high local node anymore. That is
     not good.

If node is hotplugable, the mem related range like page table and
vmemmap could be on the that node without problem and should be on that
node.

We have workaround patch that could fix some problems, but some can not
be fixed.

So just remove that offending commit and related ones including:

 f7210e6c ("mm/memblock.c: use CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP to
    protect movablecore_map in memblock_overlaps_region().")

 01a178a9 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: support getting hotplug info from
    SRAT")

 27168d38 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: extend movablemem_map ranges to
    the end of node")

 e8d19552 ("acpi, memory-hotplug: parse SRAT before memblock is
    ready")

 fb06bc8e ("page_alloc: bootmem limit with movablecore_map")

 42f47e27 ("page_alloc: make movablemem_map have higher priority")

 6981ec31 ("page_alloc: introduce zone_movable_limit[] to keep
    movable limit for nodes")

 34b71f1e ("page_alloc: add movable_memmap kernel parameter")

 4d59a751 ("x86: get pg_data_t's memory from other node")

Later we should have patches that will make sure kernel put page table
and vmemmap on local node ram instead of push them down to node0.  Also
need to find way to put other kernel used ram to local node ram.
Reported-by: NTim Gardner <tim.gardner@canonical.com>
Reported-by: NDon Morris <don.morris@hp.com>
Bisected-by: NDon Morris <don.morris@hp.com>
Tested-by: NDon Morris <don.morris@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In "ksm: remove old stable nodes more thoroughly" I said that I'd never
seen its WARN_ON_ONCE(page_mapped(page)).  True at the time of writing,
but it soon appeared once I tried fuller tests on the whole series.

It turned out to be due to the KSM page migration itself: unmerge_and_
remove_all_rmap_items() failed to locate and replace all the KSM pages,
because of that hiatus in page migration when old pte has been replaced
by migration entry, but not yet by new pte.  follow_page() finds no page
at that instant, but a KSM page reappears shortly after, without a
fault.

Add FOLL_MIGRATION flag, so follow_page() can do migration_entry_wait()
for KSM's break_cow().  I'd have preferred to avoid another flag, and do
it every time, in case someone else makes the same easy mistake; but did
not find another transgressor (the common get_user_pages() is of course
safe), and cannot be sure that every follow_page() caller is prepared to
sleep - ia64's xencomm_vtop()? Now, THP's wait_split_huge_page() can
already sleep there, since anon_vma locking was changed to mutex, but
maybe that's somehow excluded.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izik.eidus@ravellosystems.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This change adds a follow_page_mask function which is equivalent to
follow_page, but with an extra page_mask argument.

follow_page_mask sets *page_mask to HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1 when it encounters
a THP page, and to 0 in other cases.

__get_user_pages() makes use of this in order to accelerate populating
THP ranges - that is, when both the pages and vmas arrays are NULL, we
don't need to iterate HPAGE_PMD_NR times to cover a single THP page (and
we also avoid taking mm->page_table_lock that many times).
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use long type for page counts in mm_populate() so as to avoid integer
overflow when running the following test code:

int main(void) {
  void *p = mmap(NULL, 0x100000000000, PROT_READ,
                 MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
  printf("p: %p\n", p);
  mlockall(MCL_CURRENT);
  printf("done\n");
  return 0;
}
Signed-off-by: NMichel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Instead of directly utilizing a combination of config options to determine
this, add a macro to specifically address it.
Signed-off-by: NCody P Schafer <cody@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The function names page_xchg_last_nid(), page_last_nid() and
reset_page_last_nid() were judged to be inconsistent so rename them to a
struct_field_op style pattern.  As it looked jarring to have
reset_page_mapcount() and page_nid_reset_last() beside each other in
memmap_init_zone(), this patch also renames reset_page_mapcount() to
page_mapcount_reset().  There are others like init_page_count() but as
it is used throughout the arch code a rename would likely cause more
conflicts than it is worth.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix zcache]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Suggested-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Andrew Morton pointed out that page_xchg_last_nid() and
reset_page_last_nid() were "getting nuttily large" and asked that it be
investigated.

reset_page_last_nid() is on the page free path and it would be
unfortunate to make that path more expensive than it needs to be.  Due
to the internal use of page_xchg_last_nid() it is already too expensive
but fortunately, it should also be impossible for the page->flags to be
updated in parallel when we call reset_page_last_nid().  Instead of
unlining the function, it uses a simplier implementation that assumes no
parallel updates and should now be sufficiently short for inlining.

page_xchg_last_nid() is called in paths that are already quite expensive
(splitting huge page, fault handling, migration) and it is reasonable to
uninline.  There was not really a good place to place the function but
mm/mmzone.c was the closest fit IMO.

This patch saved 128 bytes of text in the vmlinux file for the kernel
configuration I used for testing automatic NUMA balancing.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When calculating amount of dirtyable memory, min_free_kbytes should be
subtracted because it is not intended for dirty pages.

Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/695182

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up min_free_kbytes extern declarations]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix min() warning]
Signed-off-by: NPaul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

According to akpm, this saves 1/2k text and makes things simple for the
next patch.

Numbers from Minchan:

add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 6/22 up/down: 92/-516 (-424)
function                                     old     new   delta
page_mapping                                   -      48     +48
do_task_stat                                2292    2308     +16
page_remove_rmap                             240     248      +8
load_elf_binary                             4500    4508      +8
update_queue                                 532     536      +4
scsi_probe_and_add_lun                      2892    2896      +4
lookup_fast                                  644     648      +4
vcs_read                                    1040    1036      -4
__ip_route_output_key                       1904    1900      -4
ip_route_input_noref                        2508    2500      -8
shmem_file_aio_read                          784     772     -12
__isolate_lru_page                           272     256     -16
shmem_replace_page                           708     688     -20
mark_buffer_dirty                            228     208     -20
__set_page_dirty_buffers                     240     220     -20
__remove_mapping                             276     256     -20
update_mmu_cache                             500     476     -24
set_page_dirty_balance                        92      68     -24
set_page_dirty                               172     148     -24
page_evictable                                88      64     -24
page_cache_pipe_buf_steal                    248     224     -24
clear_page_dirty_for_io                      340     316     -24
test_set_page_writeback                      400     372     -28
test_clear_page_writeback                    516     488     -28
invalidate_inode_page                        156     128     -28
page_mkclean                                 432     400     -32
flush_dcache_page                            360     328     -32
__set_page_dirty_nobuffers                   324     280     -44
shrink_page_list                            2412    2356     -56
Signed-off-by: NShaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Suggested-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>