Idling logic was disabled in some corner cases, leading to unfair share
 for noidle queues.
 * the idle timer was not armed if there were other requests in the
   driver. unfortunately, those requests could come from other workloads,
   or queues for which we don't enable idling. So we will check only
   pending requests from the active queue
 * rq_noidle check on no-idle queue could disable the end of tree idle if
   the last completed request was rq_noidle. Now, we will disable that
   idle only if all the queues served in the no-idle tree had rq_noidle
   requests.
Reported-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Seeky sync queues with large depth can gain unfairly big share of disk
 time, at the expense of other seeky queues. This patch ensures that
 idling will be enabled for queues with I/O depth at least 4, and small
 think time. The decision to enable idling is sticky, until an idle
 window times out without seeing a new request.

The reasoning behind the decision is that, if an application is using
large I/O depth, it is already optimized to make full utilization of
the hardware, and therefore we reserve a slice of exclusive use for it.
Reported-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

An incoming no-idle queue should preempt the active no-idle queue
 only if the active queue is idling due to service tree empty.
 Previous code was buggy in two ways:
 * it relied on service_tree field to be set on the active queue, while
   it is not set when the code is idling for a new request
 * it didn't check for the service tree empty condition, so could lead to
   LIFO behaviour if multiple queues with depth > 1 were preempting each
   other on an non-NCQ device.
Reported-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

CFQ's detection of queueing devices initially assumes a queuing device
and detects if the queue depth reaches a certain threshold.
However, it will reconsider this choice periodically.

Unfortunately, if device is considered not queuing, CFQ will force a
unit queue depth for some workloads, thus defeating the detection logic.
This leads to poor performance on queuing hardware,
since the idle window remains enabled.

Given this premise, switching to hw_tag = 0 after we have proved at
least once that the device is NCQ capable is not a good choice.

The new detection code starts in an indeterminate state, in which CFQ behaves
as if hw_tag = 1, and then, if for a long observation period we never saw
large depth, we switch to hw_tag = 0, otherwise we stick to hw_tag = 1,
without reconsidering it again.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

cfq_should_idle returns false for no-idle queues that are not the last,
so the control flow will never reach the removed code in a state that
satisfies the if condition.
The unreachable code was added to emulate previous cfq behaviour for
non-NCQ rotational devices. My tests show that even without it, the
performances and fairness are comparable with previous cfq, thanks to
the fact that all seeky queues are grouped together, and that we idle at
the end of the tree.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

For the moment, different workload cfq queues are put into different
service trees. But CFQ still uses "busy_queues" to estimate rb_key
offset when inserting a cfq queue into a service tree. I think this
isn't appropriate, and it should make use of service tree count to do
this estimation. This patch is for for-2.6.33 branch.
Signed-off-by: NGui Jianfeng <guijianfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Use HZ-independent calculation of milliseconds.
Add jiffies.h where it was missing since functions or macros
from it are used.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Cfq has a bug in computation of next_rq, that affects transition
between multiple sequential request streams in a single queue
(e.g.: two sequential buffered writers of the same priority),
causing the alternation between the two streams for a transient period.

  8,0    1    18737     0.260400660  5312  D   W 141653311 + 256
  8,0    1    20839     0.273239461  5400  D   W 141653567 + 256
  8,0    1    20841     0.276343885  5394  D   W 142803919 + 256
  8,0    1    20843     0.279490878  5394  D   W 141668927 + 256
  8,0    1    20845     0.292459993  5400  D   W 142804175 + 256
  8,0    1    20847     0.295537247  5400  D   W 141668671 + 256
  8,0    1    20849     0.298656337  5400  D   W 142804431 + 256
  8,0    1    20851     0.311481148  5394  D   W 141668415 + 256
  8,0    1    20853     0.314421305  5394  D   W 142804687 + 256
  8,0    1    20855     0.318960112  5400  D   W 142804943 + 256

The fix makes sure that the next_rq is computed from the last
dispatched request, and not affected by merging.

  8,0    1    37776     4.305161306     0  D   W 141738087 + 256
  8,0    1    37778     4.308298091     0  D   W 141738343 + 256
  8,0    1    37780     4.312885190     0  D   W 141738599 + 256
  8,0    1    37782     4.315933291     0  D   W 141738855 + 256
  8,0    1    37784     4.319064459     0  D   W 141739111 + 256
  8,0    1    37786     4.331918431  5672  D   W 142803007 + 256
  8,0    1    37788     4.334930332  5672  D   W 142803263 + 256
  8,0    1    37790     4.337902723  5672  D   W 142803519 + 256
  8,0    1    37792     4.342359774  5672  D   W 142803775 + 256
  8,0    1    37794     4.345318286     0  D   W 142804031 + 256
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We need to rework this logic post the cooperating cfq_queue merging,
for now just get rid of it and Jeff Moyer will fix the fall out.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We ended up with testing the same condition twice, pretty
pointless. Remove that first if.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

CFQ has an optimization for cooperated applications. if several
io-context have close requests, they will get boost. But the
optimization get abused. Considering thread a, b, which work on one
file. a reads sectors s, s+2, s+4, ...; b reads sectors s+1, s+3, s
+5, ... Both a and b are sequential read, so they can open idle window.
a reads a sector s and goes to idle window and wakeup b. b reads sector
s+1, since in current implementation, cfq_should_preempt() thinks a and
b are cooperators, b will preempt a. b then reads sector s+1 and goes to
idle window and wakeup a. for the same reason, a will preempt b and
reads s+2. a and b will continue the circle. The circle will be very
long, and a and b will occupy whole disk queue. Other applications will
nearly have no chance to run.

Fix this limiting coop preempt until a queue is scheduled normally
again.
Signed-off-by: NShaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Commit a6151c3a inadvertently reversed
a preempt condition check, potentially causing a performance regression.
Make the meta check correct again.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Eliminate redundant checks.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Line breaks and bad brace placement.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Currently no-idle queues in cfq are not serviced fairly:
even if they can only dispatch a small number of requests at a time,
they have to compete with idling queues to be serviced, experiencing
large latencies.

We should notice, instead, that no-idle queues are the ones that would
benefit most from having low latency, in fact they are any of:
* processes with large think times (e.g. interactive ones like file
  managers)
* seeky (e.g. programs faulting in their code at startup)
* or marked as no-idle from upper levels, to improve latencies of those
  requests.

This patch improves the fairness and latency for those queues, by:
* separating sync idle, sync no-idle and async queues in separate
  service_trees, for each priority
* service all no-idle queues together
* and idling when the last no-idle queue has been serviced, to
  anticipate for more no-idle work
* the timeslices allotted for idle and no-idle service_trees are
  computed proportionally to the number of processes in each set.

Servicing all no-idle queues together should have a performance boost
for NCQ-capable drives, without compromising fairness.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

cfq can disable idling for queues in various circumstances.
When workloads of different priorities are competing, if the higher
priority queue has idling disabled, lower priority queues may steal
its disk share. For example, in a scenario with an RT process
performing seeky reads vs a BE process performing sequential reads,
on an NCQ enabled hardware, with low_latency unset,
the RT process will dispatch only the few pending requests every full
slice of service for the BE process.

The patch solves this issue by always performing idle on the last
queue at a given priority class > idle. If the same process, or one
that can pre-empt it (so at the same priority or higher), submits a
new request within the idle window, the lower priority queue won't
dispatch, saving the disk bandwidth for higher priority ones.

Note: this doesn't touch the non_rotational + NCQ case (no hardware
to test if this is a benefit in that case).
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We use different service trees for different priority classes.
This allows a simplification in the service tree insertion code, that no
longer has to consider priority while walking the tree.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We embed a pointer to the service tree in each queue, to handle multiple
service trees easily.
Service trees are enriched with a counter.
cfq_add_rq_rb is invoked after putting the rq in the fifo, to ensure
that all fields in rq are properly initialized.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

When the number of processes performing I/O concurrently increases,
a fixed time slice per process will cause large latencies.

This patch, if low_latency mode is enabled,  will scale the time slice
assigned to each process according to a 300ms target latency.

In order to keep fairness among processes:
* The number of active processes is computed using a special form of
running average, that quickly follows sudden increases (to keep latency low),
and decrease slowly (to have fairness in spite of rapid decreases of this
value).

To safeguard sequential bandwidth, we impose a minimum time slice
(computed using 2*cfq_slice_idle as base, adjusted according to priority
and async-ness).
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

If active queue hasn't enough requests and idle window opens, cfq will not
dispatch sufficient requests to hardware. In such situation, current code
will zero hw_tag. But this is because cfq doesn't dispatch enough requests
instead of hardware queue doesn't work. Don't zero hw_tag in such case.
Signed-off-by: NShaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

cfq_queues are merged if they are issuing requests within the mean seek
distance of one another.  This patch detects when the coopearting stops and
breaks the queues back up.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

The flag used to indicate that a cfqq was allowed to jump ahead in the
scheduling order due to submitting a request close to the queue that
just executed.  Since closely cooperating queues are now merged, the flag
holds little meaning.  Change it to indicate that multiple queues were
merged.  This will later be used to allow the breaking up of merged queues
when they are no longer cooperating.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

When cooperating cfq_queues are detected currently, they are allowed to
skip ahead in the scheduling order.  It is much more efficient to
automatically share the cfq_queue data structure between cooperating processes.
Performance of the read-test2 benchmark (which is written to emulate the
dump(8) utility) went from 12MB/s to 90MB/s on my SATA disk.  NFS servers
with multiple nfsd threads also saw performance increases.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

async cfq_queue's are already shared between processes within the same
priority, and forthcoming patches will change the mapping of cic to sync
cfq_queue from 1:1 to 1:N.  So, calculate the seekiness of a process
based on the cfq_queue instead of the cfq_io_context.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

If the average think time is larger than the remaining time slice
for any given queue, don't allow it to idle. A succesful idle also
means that we need to dispatch and complete a request, so if we don't
even have time left for the idle process, we would overrun the slice
in any case.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Saves 16 bytes of text, woohoo. But the more important point is
that it makes the code more readable when returning bool for 0/1
cases.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

CFQ enables idle only for processes that think less than the allowed
idle time. Since idle time is lower for seeky queues, we should use the
correct value in the comparison.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We should subtract the slice residual from the rb tree key, since
a negative residual count indicates that the cfqq overran its slice
the last time. Hence we want to add the overrun time, to position
it a bit further away in the service tree.
Reported-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Makes the whole thing easier to read, cfq_dispatch_requests() was
a bit messy before.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

It was briefly introduced to allow CFQ to to delayed scheduling,
but we ended up removing that feature again. So lets kill the
function and export, and just switch CFQ back to the normal work
schedule since it is now passing in a '0' delay from all call
sites.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

The RR service tree is indexed by a key that is relative to current jiffies.
This can cause problems on jiffies wraparound.

The patch fixes it using time_before comparison, and changing
the add_front path to use a relative number, too.
Signed-off-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

cfq uses rq->start_time as the fifo indicator, but that field may
get modified prior to cfq doing it's fifo list adjustment when
a request gets merged with another request. This can cause the
fifo list to become unordered.
Reported-by: NCorrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We cannot delay for the first dispatch of the async queue if it
hasn't dispatched at all, since that could present a local user
DoS attack vector using an app that just did slow timed sync reads
while filling memory.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

We should use the sysfs modified slice sync value, in case it differs
from the default.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

Don't think that's necessarily a perfect description of what this
option fiddles with, but it's probably better than 'desktop'.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

This slowly ramps up the async queue depth based on the time
passed since the sync IO, and doesn't allow async at all until
a sync slice period has passed.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

o Do not allow more than max_dispatch requests from an async queue, if some
  sync request has finished recently. This is in the hope that sync activity
  is still going on in the system and we might receive a sync request soon.
  Most likely from a sync queue which finished a request and we did not enable
  idling on it.
Signed-off-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

This is basically identical to what Vivek Goyal posted, but combined
into one and labelled 'desktop' instead of 'fairness'. The goal
is to continue to improve on the latency side of things as it relates
to interactiveness, keeping the questionable bits under this sysfs
tunable so it would be easy for throughput-only people to turn off.

Apart from adding the interactive sysfs knob, it also adds the
behavioural change of allowing slice idling even if the hardware
does tagged command queuing.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

This patch addresses http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13401, a
regression introduced in 2.6.30.

From the bug report:
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

The blktrace tools can show process id when cfq dispatched a request,
using cfq_log_cfqq() instead of cfq_log().
Signed-off-by: NShan Wei <shanwei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>