This approach is the first baby step towards solving many of the
structural problems the x86 MCE logging code is having today:

 - It has a private ring-buffer implementation that has a number
   of limitations and has been historically fragile and buggy.

 - It is using a quirky /dev/mcelog ioctl driven ABI that is MCE
   specific. /dev/mcelog is not part of any larger logging
   framework and hence has remained on the fringes for many years.

 - The MCE logging code is still very unclean partly due to its ABI
   limitations. Fields are being reused for multiple purposes, and
   the whole message structure is limited and x86 specific to begin
   with.

All in one, the x86 tree would like to move away from this private
implementation of an event logging facility to a broader framework.

By using perf events we gain the following advantages:

 - Multiple user-space agents can access MCE events. We can have an
   mcelog daemon running but also a system-wide tracer capturing
   important events in flight-recorder mode.

 - Sampling support: the kernel and the user-space call-chain of MCE
   events can be stored and analyzed as well. This way actual patterns
   of bad behavior can be matched to precisely what kind of activity
   happened in the kernel (and/or in the app) around that moment in
   time.

 - Coupling with other hardware and software events: the PMU can track a
   number of other anomalies - monitoring software might chose to
   monitor those plus the MCE events as well - in one coherent stream of
   events.

 - Discovery of MCE sources - tracepoints are enumerated and tools can
   act upon the existence (or non-existence) of various channels of MCE
   information.

 - Filtering support: we just subscribe to and act upon the events we
   are interested in. Then even on a per event source basis there's
   in-kernel filter expressions available that can restrict the amount
   of data that hits the event channel.

 - Arbitrary deep per cpu buffering of events - we can buffer 32
   entries or we can buffer as much as we want, as long as we have
   the RAM.

 - An NMI-safe ring-buffer implementation - mappable to user-space.

 - Built-in support for timestamping of events, PID markers, CPU
   markers, etc.

 - A rich ABI accessible over system call interface. Per cpu, per task
   and per workload monitoring of MCE events can be done this way. The
   ABI itself has a nice, meaningful structure.

 - Extensible ABI: new fields can be added without breaking tooling.
   New tracepoints can be added as the hardware side evolves. There's
   various parsers that can be used.

 - Lots of scheduling/buffering/batching modes of operandi for MCE
   events. poll() support. mmap() support. read() support. You name it.

 - Rich tooling support: even without any MCE specific extensions added
   the 'perf' tool today offers various views of MCE data: perf report,
   perf stat, perf trace can all be used to view logged MCE events and
   perhaps correlate them to certain user-space usage patterns. But it
   can be used directly as well, for user-space agents and policy action
   in mcelog, etc.

With this we hope to achieve significant code cleanup and feature
improvements in the MCE code, and we hope to be able to drop the
/dev/mcelog facility in the end.

This patch is just a plain dumb dump of mce_log() records to
the tracepoints / perf events framework - a first proof of
concept step.
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <4AD42A0D.7050104@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Merge reason: we were on an -rc1 base, merge up to -rc4.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

There was namespace overlap due to a rename i did - this caused
the following build warning, reported by Stephen Rothwell against
linux-next x86_64 allmodconfig:

  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c: In function 'intel_get_event_idx':
  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c:1445: warning: 'event_constraint' is used uninitialized in this function

This is a real bug not just a warning: fix it by renaming the
global event-constraints table pointer to 'event_constraints'.
Reported-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20091013144223.369d616d.sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

To refresh, trying to sched record only one CPU results in bogus
latencies as below.

I fixed^Wmade it stop doing the bad thing today, by
following task migration events properly.

Before:

  marge:/root/tmp # taskset -c 1 perf sched record -C 0 -- sleep 10
  marge:/root/tmp # perf sched lat
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Task                  |   Runtime ms  | Switches | Average delay ms | Maximum delay ms |
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Xorg:4943             |      1.290 ms |        1 | avg: 1670.132 ms | max: 1670.132 ms |
    hald-addon-stor:3569  |      0.091 ms |        3 | avg:  658.609 ms | max: 1975.797 ms |
    hald-addon-stor:3573  |      0.209 ms |        4 | avg:  499.138 ms | max: 1990.565 ms |
    audispd:4270          |      0.012 ms |        1 | avg:    0.015 ms | max:    0.015 ms |
  ....

  marge:/root/tmp # perf sched trace|grep 'Xorg:4943'
           swapper-0     [000]   401.184013288: sched_stat_runtime: task: Xorg:4943 runtime: 1233188 [ns], vruntime: 19105169779 [ns]
   rt2870TimerQHan-4947  [000]   402.854140127: sched_stat_wait: task: Xorg:4943 wait: 580073 [ns]
   rt2870TimerQHan-4947  [000]   402.854141770: sched_migrate_task: task Xorg:4943 [140] from: 1  to: 0
   rt2870TimerQHan-4947  [000]   402.854143854: sched_stat_wait: task: Xorg:4943 wait: 0 [ns]
   rt2870TimerQHan-4947  [000]   402.854145397: sched_switch: task rt2870TimerQHan:4947 [140] (D) ==> Xorg:4943 [140]
              Xorg-4943  [000]   402.854193133: sched_stat_runtime: task: Xorg:4943 runtime: 56546 [ns], vruntime: 11766332500 [ns]
              Xorg-4943  [000]   402.854196842: sched_switch: task Xorg:4943 [140] (S) ==> swapper:0 [140]

After:

  marge:/root/tmp # taskset -c 1 perf sched record -C 0 -- sleep 10
  marge:/root/tmp # perf sched lat
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Task                  |   Runtime ms  | Switches | Average delay ms | Maximum delay ms |
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    amarokapp:11150       |    271.297 ms |      878 | avg:    0.130 ms | max:    1.057 ms |
    konsole:5965          |      1.370 ms |       12 | avg:    0.092 ms | max:    0.855 ms |
    Xorg:4943             |    179.980 ms |     1109 | avg:    0.087 ms | max:    1.206 ms |
    hald-addon-stor:3574  |      0.212 ms |        9 | avg:    0.040 ms | max:    0.169 ms |
    hald-addon-stor:3570  |      0.223 ms |        9 | avg:    0.037 ms | max:    0.223 ms |
    klauncher:5864        |      0.550 ms |        8 | avg:    0.032 ms | max:    0.048 ms |

The 'Maximum delay ms' results are now sane.
Signed-off-by: NMike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Commit 42e59d7d switched to a default sample frequency of
1KHz, which overrides any user supplied count, causing sched, top
and timechart to miss events due to their discrete events
being flagged PERF_SAMPLE_PERIOD.

Override default sample frequency when the user profides a
period count, and make both record and top honor that user
supplied option.
Signed-off-by: NMike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <1255326963.15107.2.camel@marge.simson.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

As reported in

	http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13940

on some system when acpi are enabled, acpi clears some BAR for some
devices without reason, and kernel will need to allocate devices for
them.  It then apparently hits some undocumented resource conflict,
resulting in non-working devices.

Try to increase alignment to get more safe range for unassigned devices.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'for-linus' of git://git390.marist.edu/pub/scm/linux-2.6: (21 commits)
  [S390] dasd: fix race condition in resume code
  [S390] Add EX_TABLE for addressing exception in usercopy functions.
  [S390] 64-bit register support for 31-bit processes
  [S390] hibernate: Use correct place for CPU address in lowcore
  [S390] pm: ignore time spend in suspended state
  [S390] zcrypt: Improve some comments
  [S390] zcrypt: Fix sparse warning.
  [S390] perf_counter: fix vdso detection
  [S390] ftrace: drop nmi protection
  [S390] compat: fix truncate system call wrapper
  [S390] Provide arch specific mdelay implementation.
  [S390] Fix enabled udelay for short delays.
  [S390] cio: allow setting boxed devices offline
  [S390] cio: make not operational handling consistent
  [S390] cio: make disconnected handling consistent
  [S390] Fix memory leak in /proc/cio_ignore
  [S390] cio: channel path memory leak
  [S390] module: fix memory leak in s390 module loader
  [S390] Enable kmemleak on s390.
  [S390] 3270 console build fix
  ...

An interestingly corrupted romfs file system exposed a problem with the
romfs_dev_strnlen function: it's passing the wrong value to its helpers.
Rather than limit the string to the length passed in by the callers, it
uses the size of the device as the limit.
Signed-off-by: NBernd Schmidt <bernds_cb1@t-online.de>
Signed-off-by: NMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (32 commits)
  USB: serial: no unnecessary GFP_ATOMIC in oti6858
  USB: serial: fix race between unthrottle and completion handler in visor
  USB: serial: fix assumption that throttle/unthrottle cannot sleep
  USB: serial: fix race between unthrottle and completion handler in symbolserial
  USB: serial: fix race between unthrottle and completion handler in opticon
  USB: ehci: Fix isoc scheduling boundary checking.
  USB: storage: When a device returns no sense data, call it a Hardware Error
  USB: small fix in error case of suspend in generic usbserial code
  USB: visor: fix trivial accounting bug in visor driver
  USB: Fix throttling in generic usbserial driver
  USB: cp210x: Add support for the DW700 UART
  USB: ipaq: fix oops when device is plugged in
  USB: isp1362: fix build warnings on 64-bit systems
  USB: gadget: imx_udc: Use resource size
  USB: storage: iRiver P7 UNUSUAL_DEV patch
  USB: musb: make HAVE_CLK support optional
  USB: xhci: Fix dropping endpoints from the xHC schedule.
  USB: xhci: Don't wait for a disable slot cmd when HC dies.
  USB: xhci: Handle canceled URBs when HC dies.
  USB: xhci: Stop debugging polling loop when HC dies.
  ...

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging-2.6:
  Staging: comedi: fix build on arches that don't want comedi drivers
  Staging: comedi: pcmcia irq fixes
  Staging: comedi: ni_pcimio: Added device id for pxi-6225.
  Staging: comedi: ni_65xx.c: fix output inversion problem.
  Staging: comedi: ni_65xx.c: fix insn_bits shift calculation.
  Staging: comedi: s526: fixes for pulse generator
  Staging: comedi: s526: Take account of arch's byte order.
  Staging: comedi: s526: Get rid of global variable 'cmReg'.
  Staging: comedi: s526: Fix number of channels on DIO subdevice
  Staging: comedi: cb_pcidio: fix "section mismatch" error
  Staging: comedi: jr3_pci: Initialize transf variable fully in jr3_pci_poll_subdevice().
  Staging: comedi: Corrected type of a printk argument in resize_async_buffer().
  Staging: p9auth: a few fixes
  Staging: rtl8192e: Add #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  Staging: iio: Don't build on s390
  Staging: winbond: implement prepare_multicast and fix API usage
  Staging: w35und: Fix ->beacon_int breakage
  Staging: remove cowloop driver
  Staging: remove agnx driver
  Staging: comedi: serial2002: fix include build issue

* 'hwmon-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jdelvare/staging:
  hwmon: (s3c-hwmon) Disable build for S3C64xx
  MAINTAINERS: Fix Riku Voipio's address
  hwmon: (asus_atk0110) Enable the EC
  hwmon: (asus_atk0110) Refactor the code
  hwmon: (sht15) Fix spurious section mismatch warning

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/btrfs-unstable:
  Btrfs: fix file clone ioctl for bookend extents
  Btrfs: fix uninit compiler warning in cow_file_range_nocow
  Btrfs: constify dentry_operations
  Btrfs: optimize back reference update during btrfs_drop_snapshot
  Btrfs: remove negative dentry when deleting subvolumne
  Btrfs: optimize fsync for the single writer case
  Btrfs: async delalloc flushing under space pressure
  Btrfs: release delalloc reservations on extent item insertion
  Btrfs: delay clearing EXTENT_DELALLOC for compressed extents
  Btrfs: cleanup extent_clear_unlock_delalloc flags
  Btrfs: fix possible softlockup in the allocator
  Btrfs: fix deadlock on async thread startup

After m68k's task_thread_info() doesn't refer to current,
it's possible to remove sched.h from interrupt.h and not break m68k!
Many thanks to Heiko Carstens for allowing this.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-rc-fixes-2.6: (34 commits)
  [SCSI] qla2xxx: Fix NULL ptr deref bug in fail path during queue create
  [SCSI] st: fix possible memory use after free after MTSETBLK ioctl
  [SCSI] be2iscsi: Moving to pci_pools v3
  [SCSI] libiscsi: iscsi_session_setup to allow for private space
  [SCSI] be2iscsi: add 10Gbps iSCSI - BladeEngine 2 driver
  [SCSI] zfcp: Fix hang when offlining device with offline chpid
  [SCSI] zfcp: Fix lockdep warning when offlining device with offline chpid
  [SCSI] zfcp: Fix oops during shutdown of offline device
  [SCSI] zfcp: Fix initial device and cfdc for delayed adapter allocation
  [SCSI] zfcp: correctly initialize unchained requests
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Bump version 02.100.03.00
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Support dev remove when phy status is MPI2_EVENT_SAS_TOPO_PHYSTATUS_VACANT
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Timeout occurred within the HANDSHAKE logic while waiting on firmware to ACK.
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Call init_completion on a per request basis.
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Target Reset will be issued from Interrupt context.
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Added SCSIIO, Internal and high priority memory pools to support multiple TM
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Copyright change to 2009.
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Added mpi2_history.txt for MPI2 headers.
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: Update driver to MPI2 REV K headers.
  [SCSI] bfa: Brocade BFA FC SCSI driver
  ...

GFP_ATOMIC without good cause is evil.
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

usb:usbserial:visor: fix race between unthrottle and completion handler

visor_unthrottle() mustn't resubmit the URB unconditionally
as the URB may still be running.

the same bug as opticon.
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

many serial subdrivers are clearly written as if throttle/unthrottle
cannot sleep. This leads to unneeded atomic submissions. This
patch converts affected drivers in a way to makes very clear that
throttle/unthrottle can sleep. Thus future misdesigns can be avoided
and efficiency and reliability improved.

This removes any such assumption using GFP_KERNEL and spin_lock_irq()
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

usb:usbserial:symbolserial: fix race between unthrottle and completion handler

symbol_unthrottle() mustn't resubmit the URB unconditionally
as the URB may still be running.

the same bug as opticon.
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

usb:usbserial:opticon: fix race between unthrottle and completion handler

opticon_unthrottle() mustn't resubmit the URB unconditionally
as the URB may still be running.
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

The EHCI driver does some bounds checking when it's scheduling an iTD for
an active endpoint.  It sets the local variable start to
stream->next_uframe and moves that variable further in the schedule if
necessary.  However, the driver fails to do anything with start before
jumping to the ready label and setting the URB's starting frame to
stream->next_uframe.  Alan Stern confirms the EHCI driver should set
stream->next_uframe to start before jumping.
Signed-off-by: NSarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

This patch (as1294) fixes a problem that has plagued users for several
kernel releases.  Some USB mass-storage devices don't return any sense
data when they encounter certain kinds of errors.  The SCSI layer
interprets this to mean that the operation should be retried, and the
same thing happens -- over and over again with no limit.  In some
circumstances (such as when a bus reset occurs) that is the right
thing to do, but not here.

The patch checks for this condition (a transport failure with no sense
data) and changes the result code to DID_ERROR and the sense code to
Hardware Error.  This does get only a limited number of retries, and
so the command will fail relatively quickly instead of getting stuck
in an infinite loop.

This fixes a large part of Bugzilla #14118.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: NMantas Mikulenas <grawity@gmail.com>
CC: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

usb:usbserial: fix flags in error case of suspension

suspended flag must be reset in error case
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

usb:usbserial:visor: fix accounting in error case

data not pushed to the tty layer due to an error mustn't be counted
Signed-off-by: NOliver Neukum <oliver@neukum.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

The generic usbserial driver in Linux 2.6.31 halts its receiving
channel in response to throttle requests from the line discipline.
Unfortunately it drops the contents of the first URB received after
throttling takes effect. This patch corrects that problem.
Signed-off-by: NJoris van Rantwijk <jorispubl@xs4all.nl>
Acked-by: NJohan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

In the Dell inspiron mini 10, the GPS is connected via a cp2102. This patch
adds detection of this USB device. (I haven't managed to use the GPS under
Linux yet, though)
Signed-off-by: NÉric Piel <eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

This patch (as1293) fixes a problem with the ipaq serial driver.  It
tries to bind to all the interfaces, even those that don't have enough
endpoints.  The symptom is an invalid memory reference and oops when
the device is plugged in.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Tested-by: NMatthias Geissert <geissert@mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de>
Tested-by: NTilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

A bunch of places assumed pointers were 32-bits in size (bit checking and
debug output), but none of these affected runtime functionality.
Signed-off-by: NMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Use the resource_size function instead of manually calculating the
resource size. This reduces the chance of introducing off-by-one errors.
Signed-off-by: NTobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Signed-off-by: NPhil Dibowitz <phil@ipom.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

The Blackfin port doesn't support HAVE_CLK and the musb driver works fine
with support stubbed out, so take the existing Blackfin clk stubs and move
them to common musb code so we can drop the Kconfig dependency.
Signed-off-by: NBryan Wu <cooloney@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

When an endpoint is to be dropped from the hardware bandwidth schedule, we
want to clear its add flag.
Signed-off-by: NSarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

When the host controller dies or is removed while a device is plugged in,
the USB core will attempt to deallocate the struct usb_device.  That will
call into xhci_free_dev().  This function used to attempt to submit a
disable slot command to the host controller and clean up the device
structures when that command returned.  Change xhci_free_dev() to skip the
command submission and just free the memory if the host controller died.
Signed-off-by: NSarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

When the host controller dies (e.g. it is removed from a PCI card slot),
the xHCI driver cannot expect commands to complete.  The buggy code this
patch fixes would mark an URB as canceled and then expect the URB to be
completed when the stop endpoint command completed.  That would never
happen if the host controller was dead, so the USB core would just hang in
the disconnect code.

If the host controller died, and the driver asks to cancel an URB, free
any structures associated with that URB and immediately give it back.
Signed-off-by: NSarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

If the host controller card is removed from the system, stop the timer
function to debug the xHCI rings.
Signed-off-by: NSarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

The current 10ms timeout is too short for some normal USBTMC device
operation, increase it to a value which was tested with previously
affected Tektronix oscilloscopes.
Signed-off-by: NGergely Imreh <imrehg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Signed-off-by: NPeter Magdina <peter@magdina.sk>
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Stanse found a memory leak in lcd_probe. Instead of returning without
releasing the memory, jump to the error label which frees it.

http://stanse.fi.muni.cz/Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Updated sierra driver version from 1.3.7 to 1.3.8 now that the autosuspend
capabilities were added to the driver.
Signed-off-by: NElina Pasheva <epasheva@sierrawireless.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>