This is a unified tracing buffer that implements a ring buffer that
hopefully everyone will eventually be able to use.

The events recorded into the buffer have the following structure:

  struct ring_buffer_event {
	u32 type:2, len:3, time_delta:27;
	u32 array[];
  };

The minimum size of an event is 8 bytes. All events are 4 byte
aligned inside the buffer.

There are 4 types (all internal use for the ring buffer, only
the data type is exported to the interface users).

 RINGBUF_TYPE_PADDING: this type is used to note extra space at the end
	of a buffer page.

 RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_EXTENT: This type is used when the time between events
	is greater than the 27 bit delta can hold. We add another
	32 bits, and record that in its own event (8 byte size).

 RINGBUF_TYPE_TIME_STAMP: (Not implemented yet). This will hold data to
	help keep the buffer timestamps in sync.

RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA: The event actually holds user data.

The "len" field is only three bits. Since the data must be
4 byte aligned, this field is shifted left by 2, giving a
max length of 28 bytes. If the data load is greater than 28
bytes, the first array field holds the full length of the
data load and the len field is set to zero.

Example, data size of 7 bytes:

	type = RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA
	len = 2
	time_delta: <time-stamp> - <prev_event-time-stamp>
	array[0..1]: <7 bytes of data> <1 byte empty>

This event is saved in 12 bytes of the buffer.

An event with 82 bytes of data:

	type = RINGBUF_TYPE_DATA
	len = 0
	time_delta: <time-stamp> - <prev_event-time-stamp>
	array[0]: 84 (Note the alignment)
	array[1..14]: <82 bytes of data> <2 bytes empty>

The above event is saved in 92 bytes (if my math is correct).
82 bytes of data, 2 bytes empty, 4 byte header, 4 byte length.

Do not reference the above event struct directly. Use the following
functions to gain access to the event table, since the
ring_buffer_event structure may change in the future.

ring_buffer_event_length(event): get the length of the event.
	This is the size of the memory used to record this
	event, and not the size of the data pay load.

ring_buffer_time_delta(event): get the time delta of the event
	This returns the delta time stamp since the last event.
	Note: Even though this is in the header, there should
		be no reason to access this directly, accept
		for debugging.

ring_buffer_event_data(event): get the data from the event
	This is the function to use to get the actual data
	from the event. Note, it is only a pointer to the
	data inside the buffer. This data must be copied to
	another location otherwise you risk it being written
	over in the buffer.

ring_buffer_lock: A way to lock the entire buffer.
ring_buffer_unlock: unlock the buffer.

ring_buffer_alloc: create a new ring buffer. Can choose between
	overwrite or consumer/producer mode. Overwrite will
	overwrite old data, where as consumer producer will
	throw away new data if the consumer catches up with the
	producer.  The consumer/producer is the default.

ring_buffer_free: free the ring buffer.

ring_buffer_resize: resize the buffer. Changes the size of each cpu
	buffer. Note, it is up to the caller to provide that
	the buffer is not being used while this is happening.
	This requirement may go away but do not count on it.

ring_buffer_lock_reserve: locks the ring buffer and allocates an
	entry on the buffer to write to.
ring_buffer_unlock_commit: unlocks the ring buffer and commits it to
	the buffer.

ring_buffer_write: writes some data into the ring buffer.

ring_buffer_peek: Look at a next item in the cpu buffer.
ring_buffer_consume: get the next item in the cpu buffer and
	consume it. That is, this function increments the head
	pointer.

ring_buffer_read_start: Start an iterator of a cpu buffer.
	For now, this disables the cpu buffer, until you issue
	a finish. This is just because we do not want the iterator
	to be overwritten. This restriction may change in the future.
	But note, this is used for static reading of a buffer which
	is usually done "after" a trace. Live readings would want
	to use the ring_buffer_consume above, which will not
	disable the ring buffer.

ring_buffer_read_finish: Finishes the read iterator and reenables
	the ring buffer.

ring_buffer_iter_peek: Look at the next item in the cpu iterator.
ring_buffer_read: Read the iterator and increment it.
ring_buffer_iter_reset: Reset the iterator to point to the beginning
	of the cpu buffer.
ring_buffer_iter_empty: Returns true if the iterator is at the end
	of the cpu buffer.

ring_buffer_size: returns the size in bytes of each cpu buffer.
	Note, the real size is this times the number of CPUs.

ring_buffer_reset_cpu: Sets the cpu buffer to empty
ring_buffer_reset: sets all cpu buffers to empty

ring_buffer_swap_cpu: swaps a cpu buffer from one buffer with a
	cpu buffer of another buffer. This is handy when you
	want to take a snap shot of a running trace on just one
	cpu. Having a backup buffer, to swap with facilitates this.
	Ftrace max latencies use this.

ring_buffer_empty: Returns true if the ring buffer is empty.
ring_buffer_empty_cpu: Returns true if the cpu buffer is empty.

ring_buffer_record_disable: disable all cpu buffers (read only)
ring_buffer_record_disable_cpu: disable a single cpu buffer (read only)
ring_buffer_record_enable: enable all cpu buffers.
ring_buffer_record_enabl_cpu: enable a single cpu buffer.

ring_buffer_entries: The number of entries in a ring buffer.
ring_buffer_overruns: The number of entries removed due to writing wrap.

ring_buffer_time_stamp: Get the time stamp used by the ring buffer
ring_buffer_normalize_time_stamp: normalize the ring buffer time stamp
	into nanosecs.

I still need to implement the GTOD feature. But we need support from
the cpu frequency infrastructure.  But this can be done at a later
time without affecting the ring buffer interface.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

It is possible that the testing thread in the ftrace wakeup test does not
run before we stop the trace. This will cause the trace to fail since nothing
will be in the buffers.

This patch adds a small wait in the wakeup test to allow for the woken task
to run and be traced.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

When the boot tracer can't handle an entry output, it returns 1.
It should return 0 to relay on other output functions.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The tracing engine resets the ring buffer and the tracers touch it
too during self-tests. These self-tests happen during tracers registering
and work against boot tracing which is logging initcalls.

We have to disable tracing self-tests if the boot-tracer is selected.
Reported-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Launch the boot tracing inside the initcall_debug area. Old printk
have not been removed to keep the old way of initcall tracing for
backward compatibility.

[ mingo@elte.hu: resolved conflicts ]
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Bring the entry to choose the boot tracer on the kernel config.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The tracing engine have now to be init in early_initcall to set the
boot tracer. Only the debugfs settings will be initialized at
fs_initcall time.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Add the boot/initcall tracer.

It's primary purpose is to be able to trace the initcalls.

It is intended to be used with scripts/bootgraph.pl after some small
improvements.

Note that it is not active after its init. To avoid tracing (and so
crashing) before the whole tracing engine init, you have to explicitly
call start_boot_trace() after do_pre_smp_initcalls() to enable it.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

When optimizing the kernel boot time, it's very valuable to visualize
what is going on at which time. In addition, with the fastboot asynchronous
initcall level, it's very valuable to see which initcall gets run where
and when.

This patch adds a script to turn a dmesg into a SVG graph (that can be
shown with tools such as InkScape, Gimp or Firefox) and a small change
to the initcall code to print the PID of the thread calling the initcall
(so that the script can work out the parallelism).
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>

bit-field is not thread-safe nor smp-safe.

struct marker_entry.rcu_pending is not protected by any lock
in rcu-callback free_old_closure().
so we must turn it into a safe type.

detail:

I suppose rcu_pending and ptype are store in struct marker_entry.tmp1

free_old_closure() side:           change ptype side:

                                |  load struct marker_entry.tmp1
--------------------------------|--------------------------------
                                |  change ptype bit in tmp1
load struct marker_entry.tmp1   |
change rcu_pending bit in tmp1  |
store tmp1                      |
--------------------------------|--------------------------------
                                |  store tmp1

now this result equals that free_old_closure() do not change rcu_pending
bit, bug! This bug will cause redundant rcu_barrier_sched() called.
not too harmful.

----- corresponding:

free_old_closure() side:           change ptype side:

load struct marker_entry.tmp1   |
--------------------------------|--------------------------------
                                |  load struct marker_entry.tmp1
change rcu_pending bit in tmp1  |
                                |  change ptype bit in tmp1
                                |  store tmp1
--------------------------------|--------------------------------
store tmp1                      |

now this result equals that change ptype side do not change ptype
bit, bug! this bug cause marker_probe_cb() access to invalid memory.
oops!

see also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_fieldSigned-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

when the second, third... probe is registered, its format is
not checked, this patch fixes it.
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Turn marker synchronize unregister into a static inline. There is no
reason to keep it as a macro over a static inline.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Lai Jiangshan discovered a reentrancy issue with markers and fixed it by
adding synchronize_sched() calls at each registration/unregistraiton.

It works, but it removes the ability to do batch
registration/unregistration and can cause registration of ~100 markers
to take about 30 seconds on a loaded machine (synchronize_sched() is
much slower on such workloads).

This patch implements a version of the fix which won't slow down marker batch
registration/unregistration. It also go back to the original non-synchronized
reg/unreg.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

We need a marker_synchronize_unregister() before the end of exit() to make sure
every probe callers have exited the non preemptible section and thus are not
executing the probe code anymore.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Acked-by: NJeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Document the need for a marker_synchronize_unregister() before the end of
exit() to make sure every probe callers have exited the non preemptible
section and thus are not executing the probe code anymore.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Need a marker_synchronize_unregister() before the end of exit() to make sure
every probe callers have exited the non preemptible section and thus are not
executing the probe code anymore.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Use the new rcu_read_lock_sched/unlock_sched() in marker code around the call
site instead of preempt_disable/enable(). It helps reviewing the code more
easily.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Create marker_synchronize_unregister() which must be called before the end of
exit() to make sure every probe callers have exited the non preemptible section
and thus are not executing the probe code anymore.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The tracepoints had the same problem markers did have wrt reentrancy. Apply a
similar fix using a rcu_barrier after each tracepoint mutex lock.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Make tracepoints use rcu sched. (cleanup)
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

unregister bug:

codes using makers are typically calling marker_probe_unregister()
and then destroying the data that marker_probe_func needs(or
unloading this module). This is bug when the corresponding
marker_probe_func is still running(on other cpus),
it is using the destroying/ed data.

we should call synchronize_sched() after marker_update_probes().

reenter bug:

marker_probe_register(), marker_probe_unregister() and
marker_probe_unregister_private_data() are not reentrant safe
functions. these 3 functions release markers_mutex and then
require it again and do "entry->oldptr = old; ...", but entry->oldptr
maybe is using now for these 3 functions may reenter when markers_mutex
is released.

we use synchronize_sched() instead of call_rcu_sched() to fix
this bug. actually we can do:
"
if (entry->rcu_pending)
		rcu_barrier_sched();
"
after require markers_mutex again. but synchronize_sched()
is better and simpler. For these 3 functions are not critical path.
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

With latest -tip I get this bug:

[   49.439988] in_atomic():0, irqs_disabled():1
[   49.440118] INFO: lockdep is turned off.
[   49.440118] Pid: 2814, comm: modprobe Tainted: G        W 2.6.27-rc7 #4
[   49.440118]  [<c01215e1>] __might_sleep+0xe1/0x120
[   49.440118]  [<c01148ea>] ftrace_modify_code+0x2a/0xd0
[   49.440118]  [<c01148a2>] ? ftrace_test_p6nop+0x0/0xa
[   49.440118]  [<c016e80e>] __ftrace_update_code+0xfe/0x2f0
[   49.440118]  [<c01148a2>] ? ftrace_test_p6nop+0x0/0xa
[   49.440118]  [<c016f190>] ftrace_convert_nops+0x50/0x80
[   49.440118]  [<c016f1d6>] ftrace_init_module+0x16/0x20
[   49.440118]  [<c015498b>] load_module+0x185b/0x1d30
[   49.440118]  [<c01767a0>] ? find_get_page+0x0/0xf0
[   49.440118]  [<c02463c0>] ? sprintf+0x0/0x30
[   49.440118]  [<c034e012>] ? mutex_lock_interruptible_nested+0x1f2/0x350
[   49.440118]  [<c0154eb3>] sys_init_module+0x53/0x1b0
[   49.440118]  [<c0352340>] ? do_page_fault+0x0/0x740
[   49.440118]  [<c0104012>] syscall_call+0x7/0xb
[   49.440118]  =======================

It is because ftrace_modify_code() calls copy_to_user and
copy_from_user.
These functions have been inserted after guessing that there
couldn't be any race condition but copy_[to/from]_user might
sleep and __ftrace_update_code is called with local_irq_saved.

These function have been inserted since this commit:
d5e92e8978fd2574e415dc2792c5eb592978243d:
"ftrace: x86 use copy from user function"
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Could just as easily change the three casts to cast to the correct
type...this patch changes the type of ftrace_nop instead.

Supresses sparse warnings:

 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:157:14: warning: incorrect type in assignment (different signedness)
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:157:14:    expected long *static [toplevel] ftrace_nop
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:157:14:    got unsigned long *<noident>
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:161:14: warning: incorrect type in assignment (different signedness)
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:161:14:    expected long *static [toplevel] ftrace_nop
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:161:14:    got unsigned long *<noident>
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:165:14: warning: incorrect type in assignment (different signedness)
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:165:14:    expected long *static [toplevel] ftrace_nop
 arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c:165:14:    got unsigned long *<noident>
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

With the recent updates to ftrace, there should not be any failures when
modifying the code. If there is, then we need to warn about it.

This patch has a cleaned up version of the code that I used to discover
that the weak symbols were causing failures.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Replace "none" tracer by the recently created "nop" tracer.
Both are pretty similar except that nop accepts TRACE_PRINT
or TRACE_SPECIAL entries.

And as a consequence, changing the size of the ring buffer now
requires that tracing has already been disabled.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Steven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Now that the nop tracer is used as the default tracer by
replacing the "none" tracer, tracing engine depends on it.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Steven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

If nop tracer is selected, some old entries from the previous tracer
could still be enqueued. Tracing have to be reset.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Steven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The functions are already 'extern' anyway, so there's no problem
with linkage. Removing these ifdefs also helps find any potential
compiler errors.

Suggested by Andrew Morton.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

When CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE isn't used, neither is mcount_addr. This
patch eliminates that warning.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

A no-op tracer which can serve two purposes:

 1. A template for development of a new tracer.
 2. A convenient way to see ftrace_printk() calls without
    an irrelevant trace making the output messy.

[ mingo@elte.hu: resolved conflicts ]
Signed-off-by: NSteven Noonan <steven@uplinklabs.net>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Allow a user to inject a marker (TRACE_PRINT entry) into the trace ring
buffer. The related file operations are derived from code by Frédéric
Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Also make trace_seq_print_cont() non-static, and add a newline if the
seq buffer can't hold all data.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Offer mmiotrace users a function to inject markers from inside the kernel.
This depends on the trace_vprintk() patch.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

trace_vprintk() for easier implementation of tracer specific *_printk
functions. Add check check for no_tracer, and implement
__ftrace_printk() as a wrapper.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Moves the mmiotrace specific functions from trace.c to
trace_mmiotrace.c. Functions trace_wake_up(), tracing_get_trace_entry(),
and tracing_generic_entry_update() are therefore made available outside
trace.c.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NPekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This must be brown paper bag week for Steven Rostedt!

While working on ftrace for PPC, I discovered that the hash locking done
when CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD is not set, is totally incorrect.

With a cut and paste error, I had the hash lock macro to lock for both
hash_lock _and_ hash_unlock!

This bug did not affect x86 since this bug was introduced when
CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD was added to x86.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

ftrace_release is necessary for all uses of dynamic ftrace and not just
the archs that have CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD defined.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

make most of the tracers depend on DEBUG_KERNEL - that's their intended
purpose. (most distributions have DEBUG_KERNEL enabled anyway so this is
not a practical limitation - but it simplifies the tracing menu in the
normal case)
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>