Pull NTB updates from Jon Mason:
 "This includes a pretty significant reworking of the NTB core code, but
  has already produced some significant performance improvements.

  An abstraction layer was added to allow the hardware and clients to be
  easily added.  This required rewriting the NTB transport layer for
  this abstraction layer.  This modification will allow future "high
  performance" NTB clients.

  In addition to this change, a number of performance modifications were
  added.  These changes include NUMA enablement, using CPU memcpy
  instead of asyncdma, and modification of NTB layer MTU size"

* tag 'ntb-4.2' of git://github.com/jonmason/ntb: (22 commits)
  NTB: Add split BAR output for debugfs stats
  NTB: Change WARN_ON_ONCE to pr_warn_once on unsafe
  NTB: Print driver name and version in module init
  NTB: Increase transport MTU to 64k from 16k
  NTB: Rename Intel code names to platform names
  NTB: Default to CPU memcpy for performance
  NTB: Improve performance with write combining
  NTB: Use NUMA memory in Intel driver
  NTB: Use NUMA memory and DMA chan in transport
  NTB: Rate limit ntb_qp_link_work
  NTB: Add tool test client
  NTB: Add ping pong test client
  NTB: Add parameters for Intel SNB B2B addresses
  NTB: Reset transport QP link stats on down
  NTB: Do not advance transport RX on link down
  NTB: Differentiate transport link down messages
  NTB: Check the device ID to set errata flags
  NTB: Enable link for Intel root port mode in probe
  NTB: Read peer info from local SPAD in transport
  NTB: Split ntb_hw_intel and ntb_transport drivers
  ...

Pull kvm fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "Except for the preempt notifiers fix, these are all small bugfixes
  that could have been waited for -rc2.  Sending them now since I was
  taking care of Peter's patch anyway"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  kvm: add hyper-v crash msrs values
  KVM: x86: remove data variable from kvm_get_msr_common
  KVM: s390: virtio-ccw: don't overwrite config space values
  KVM: x86: keep track of LVT0 changes under APICv
  KVM: x86: properly restore LVT0
  KVM: x86: make vapics_in_nmi_mode atomic
  sched, preempt_notifier: separate notifier registration from static_key inc/dec

When split BAR is enabled, the driver needs to dump out the split BAR
registers rather than the original 64bit BAR registers.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

The unsafe doorbell and scratchpad access should display reason when
WARN is called.  Otherwise we get a stack dump without any explanation.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Printouts driver name and version to indicate what is being loaded.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Benchmarking showed a significant performance increase with the MTU size
to 64k instead of 16k.  Change the driver default to 64k.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Instead of using the platform code names, use the correct platform names
to identify the respective Intel NTB hardware.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Disable DMA usage by default, since the CPU provides much better
performance with write combining.  Provide a module parameter to enable
DMA usage when offloading the memcpy is preferred.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Changing the memory window BAR mappings to write combining significantly
boosts the performance.  We will also use memcpy that uses non-temporal
store, which showed performance improvement when doing non-cached
memcpys.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Allocate memory for the NUMA node of the NTB device.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Allocate memory and request the DMA channel for the same NUMA node as
the NTB device.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

When the ntb transport is connecting and waiting for the peer, the debug
console receives lots of debug level messages about the remote qp link
status being down.  Rate limit those messages.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

This is a simple debugging driver that enables the doorbell and
scratch pad registers to be read and written from the debugfs.  This
tool enables more complicated debugging to be scripted from user space.
This driver may be used to test that your ntb hardware and drivers are
functioning at a basic level.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

This is a simple ping pong driver that exercises the scratch pads and
doorbells of the ntb hardware.  This driver may be used to test that
your ntb hardware and drivers are functioning at a basic level.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Add module parameters for the addresses to be used in B2B topology.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Reset the link stats when the link goes down.  In particular, the TX and
RX index and count must be reset, or else the TX side will be sending
packets to the RX side where the RX side is not expecting them.  Reset
all the stats, to be consistent.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

On link down, don't advance RX index to the next entry.  The next entry
should never be valid after receiving the link down flag.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

The same message "qp %d: Link Down\n" was printed at two locations in
ntb_transport.  Change the messages so they are distinct.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Set errata flags for the specific device IDs to which they apply,
instead of the whole Xeon hardware class.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Link training should be enabled in the driver probe for root port mode.
We should not have to wait for transport to be loaded for this to
happen.  Otherwise the ntb device will not show up on the transparent
bridge side of the link.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

The transport was writing and then reading the peer scratch pad,
essentially reading what it just wrote instead of exchanging any
information with the peer.  The transport expects the peer values to be
the same as the local values, so this issue was not obvious.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Change ntb_hw_intel to use the new NTB hardware abstraction layer.

Split ntb_transport into its own driver.  Change it to use the new NTB
hardware abstraction layer.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Abstract the NTB device behind a programming interface, so that it can
support different hardware and client drivers.
Signed-off-by: NAllen Hubbe <Allen.Hubbe@emc.com>
Signed-off-by: NJon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>

Pull irq update from Thomas Gleixner:
 "The last update for 4.2 is just moving a macro from a local header to
  the global one, so it can be used in architecture code as well.

  Cleanup of the now empty local header is 4.3 material"

* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  irqchip: Move IRQCHIP_DECLARE macro to include/linux/irqchip.h

Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two FPU rewrite related fixes.  This addresses all known x86
  regressions at this stage.  Also some other misc fixes"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/fpu: Fix boot crash in the early FPU code
  x86/asm/entry/64: Update path names
  x86/fpu: Fix FPU related boot regression when CPUID masking BIOS feature is enabled
  x86/boot/setup: Clean up the e820_reserve_setup_data() code
  x86/kaslr: Fix typo in the KASLR_FLAG documentation

Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Debug info and other statistics fixes and related enhancements"

* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  sched/numa: Fix numa balancing stats in /proc/pid/sched
  sched/numa: Show numa_group ID in /proc/sched_debug task listings
  sched/debug: Move print_cfs_rq() declaration to kernel/sched/sched.h
  sched/stat: Expose /proc/pid/schedstat if CONFIG_SCHED_INFO=y
  sched/stat: Simplify the sched_info accounting dependency

Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This tree includes an x86 PMU scheduling fix, but most changes are
  late breaking tooling fixes and updates:

  User visible fixes:

   - Create config.detected into OUTPUT directory, fixing parallel
     builds sharing the same source directory (Aaro Kiskinen)

   - Allow to specify custom linker command, fixing some MIPS64 builds.
     (Aaro Kiskinen)

   - Fix to show proper convergence stats in 'perf bench numa' (Srikar
     Dronamraju)

  User visible changes:

   - Validate syscall list passed via -e argument to 'perf trace'.
     (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)

   - Introduce 'perf stat --per-thread' (Jiri Olsa)

   - Check access permission for --kallsyms and --vmlinux (Li Zhang)

   - Move toggling event logic from 'perf top' and into hists browser,
     allowing freeze/unfreeze with event lists with more than one entry
     (Namhyung Kim)

   - Add missing newlines when dumping PERF_RECORD_FINISHED_ROUND and
     showing the Aggregated stats in 'perf report -D' (Adrian Hunter)

  Infrastructure fixes:

   - Add missing break for PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START, which caused those
     events samples to be parsed as well as PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES.
     ITRACE_START only appears when Intel PT or BTS are present, so..
     (Jiri Olsa)

   - Call the perf_session destructor when bailing out in the inject,
     kmem, report, kvm and mem tools (Taeung Song)

  Infrastructure changes:

   - Move stuff out of 'perf stat' and into the lib for further use
     (Jiri Olsa)

   - Reference count the cpu_map and thread_map classes (Jiri Olsa)

   - Set evsel->{cpus,threads} from the evlist, if not set, allowing the
     generalization of some 'perf stat' functions that previously were
     accessing private static evlist variable (Jiri Olsa)

   - Delete an unnecessary check before the calling free_event_desc()
     (Markus Elfring)

   - Allow auxtrace data alignment (Adrian Hunter)

   - Allow events with dot (Andi Kleen)

   - Fix failure to 'perf probe' events on arm (He Kuang)

   - Add testing for Makefile.perf (Jiri Olsa)

   - Add test for make install with prefix (Jiri Olsa)

   - Fix single target build dependency check (Jiri Olsa)

   - Access thread_map entries via accessors, prep patch to hold more
     info per entry, for ongoing 'perf stat --per-thread' work (Jiri
     Olsa)

   - Use __weak definition from compiler.h (Sukadev Bhattiprolu)

   - Split perf_pmu__new_alias() (Sukadev Bhattiprolu)"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (54 commits)
  perf tools: Allow to specify custom linker command
  perf tools: Create config.detected into OUTPUT directory
  perf mem: Fill in the missing session freeing after an error occurs
  perf kvm: Fill in the missing session freeing after an error occurs
  perf report: Fill in the missing session freeing after an error occurs
  perf kmem: Fill in the missing session freeing after an error occurs
  perf inject: Fill in the missing session freeing after an error occurs
  perf tools: Add missing break for PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START
  perf/x86: Fix 'active_events' imbalance
  perf symbols: Check access permission when reading symbol files
  perf stat: Introduce --per-thread option
  perf stat: Introduce print_counters function
  perf stat: Using init_stats instead of memset
  perf stat: Rename print_interval to process_interval
  perf stat: Remove perf_evsel__read_cb function
  perf stat: Move perf_stat initialization counter process code
  perf stat: Move zero_per_pkg into counter process code
  perf stat: Separate counters reading and processing
  perf stat: Introduce read_counters function
  perf stat: Introduce perf_evsel__read function
  ...

Pull max log buf size increase from Ingo Molnar:
 "Ran into this limit recently, so increase it by an order of magnitude"

* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  printk: Increase maximum CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT from 21 to 25

Pull second round of input updates from Dmitry Torokhov:
 "A new driver for Weida wdt87xx touch controllers, and a bunch of
  fixups for other drivers"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input:
  Input: wdt87xx_i2c - add a scaling factor for TOUCH_MAJOR event
  Input: wdt87xx_i2c - remove stray newline in diagnostic message
  Input: arc_ps2 - add HAS_IOMEM dependency
  Input: wdt87xx_i2c - fix format warning
  Input: improve parsing OF parameters for touchscreens
  Input: edt-ft5x06 - mark as direct input device
  Input: use for_each_set_bit() where appropriate
  Input: add a driver for wdt87xx touchscreen controller
  Input: axp20x-pek - fix reporting button state as inverted
  Input: xpad - re-send LED command on present event
  Input: xpad - set the LEDs properly on XBox Wireless controllers
  Input: imx_keypad - check for clk_prepare_enable() error

Jan Kara and Thomas Gleixner reported boot crashes in the FPU
code:

  general protection fault: 0000 [#1] SMP
  RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81048a6c>]  [<ffffffff81048a6c>] mxcsr_feature_mask_init+0x1c/0x40

  2b:*  0f ae 85 00 fe ff ff    fxsave -0x200(%rbp)

and bisected it down to the following FPU commit:

   91a8c2a5 ("x86/fpu: Clean up and fix MXCSR handling")

The reason is that the on-stack FPU registers state variable,
used by the FXSAVE instruction, did not have the required
minimum alignment of 16 bytes, causing the general protection
fault.

This is most likely a GCC bug in older GCC versions, but the
offending commit also added a bogus extra 32-byte alignment
(which GCC ignored too).

So fix this bug by making the variable static again, but also
mark it __initdata this time, because fpu__init_system_mxcsr()
is now an __init function.
Reported-and-bisected-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reported-bisected-and-tested-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150704075819.GA9201@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Commit 44dba3d5 ("sched: Refactor task_struct to use
numa_faults instead of numa_* pointers") modified the way
tsk->numa_faults stats are accounted.

However that commit never touched show_numa_stats() that is displayed
in /proc/pid/sched and thus the numbers displayed in /proc/pid/sched
don't match the actual numbers.

Fix it by making sure that /proc/pid/sched reflects the task
fault numbers. Also add group fault stats too.

Also couple of more modifications are added here:

1. Format changes:

  - Previously we would list two entries per node, one for private
    and one for shared. Also the home node info was listed in each entry.

  - Now preferred node, total_faults and current node are
    displayed separately.

  - Now there is one entry per node, that lists private,shared task and
    group faults.

2. Unit changes:

  - p->numa_pages_migrated was getting reset after every read of
    /proc/pid/sched. It's more useful to have absolute numbers since
    differential migrations between two accesses can be more easily
    calculated.
Signed-off-by: NSrikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1435252903-1081-4-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Having the numa group ID in /proc/sched_debug helps to see how
the numa groups have spread across the system.
Signed-off-by: NSrikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1435252903-1081-3-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Currently print_cfs_rq() is declared in include/linux/sched.h.
However it's not used outside kernel/sched. Hence move the
declaration to kernel/sched/sched.h

Also some functions are only available for CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG=y.
Hence move the declarations to within the #ifdef.
Signed-off-by: NSrikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1435252903-1081-2-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Expand /proc/pid/schedstat output:

 - enable it on CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT=y && !CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS kernels.

 - dump all zeroes on kernels that are booted with the 'nodelayacct'
   option, which boot option disables delay accounting on
   CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT=y kernels.
Signed-off-by: NNaveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl
Cc: ricklind@us.ibm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5ccbef17d4bc841084ea6e6421d4e4a23b7b806f.1435654789.git.naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Both CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS=y and CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT=y track task
sched_info, which results in ugly #if clauses.

Simplify the code by introducing a synthethic CONFIG_SCHED_INFO
switch, selected by both.
Signed-off-by: NNaveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl
Cc: ricklind@us.ibm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8d19eef800811a94b0f91bcbeb27430a884d7433.1435255405.git.naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Prepare second round of input updates for 4.2 merge window.

Pull drm EDID fix from Daniel Vetter:
 "Since Dave is enjoying vacation I figured I'll send you this drm core
  fix directly"

* tag 'topic/drm-fixes-2015-07-04' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm-intel:
  drm/crtc: Fix edid length computation

Pull virtio/vhost cross endian support from Michael Tsirkin:
 "I have just queued some more bugfix patches today but none fix
  regressions and none are related to these ones, so it looks like a
  good time for a merge for -rc1.

  The motivation for this is support for legacy BE guests on the new LE
  hosts.  There are two redeeming properties that made me merge this:

   - It's a trivial amount of code: since we wrap host/guest accesses
     anyway, almost all of it is well hidden from drivers.

   - Sane platforms would never set flags like VHOST_CROSS_ENDIAN_LEGACY,
     and when it's clear, there's zero overhead (as some point it was
     tested by compiling with and without the patches, got the same
     stripped binary).

  Maybe we could create a Kconfig symbol to enforce the second point:
  prevent people from enabling it eg on x86.  I will look into this"

* tag 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mst/vhost:
  virtio-pci: alloc only resources actually used.
  macvtap/tun: cross-endian support for little-endian hosts
  vhost: cross-endian support for legacy devices
  virtio: add explicit big-endian support to memory accessors
  vhost: introduce vhost_is_little_endian() helper
  vringh: introduce vringh_is_little_endian() helper
  macvtap: introduce macvtap_is_little_endian() helper
  tun: add tun_is_little_endian() helper
  virtio: introduce virtio_is_little_endian() helper

The length of each EDID block is EDID_LENGTH, and number of blocks is
(1 + edid->extensions) - we need to multiply not add them.

This causes wrong EDID to be passed on, and is a regression introduced
by d2ed3436 (drm: Introduce helper for replacing blob properties)
Signed-off-by: NShixin Zeng <zeng.shixin@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Stone <daniels@collabora.com>
Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Stone <daniels@collabora.com>
[danvet: Add Cc: and fix commit summary.]
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

Pull user namespace updates from Eric Biederman:
 "Long ago and far away when user namespaces where young it was realized
  that allowing fresh mounts of proc and sysfs with only user namespace
  permissions could violate the basic rule that only root gets to decide
  if proc or sysfs should be mounted at all.

  Some hacks were put in place to reduce the worst of the damage could
  be done, and the common sense rule was adopted that fresh mounts of
  proc and sysfs should allow no more than bind mounts of proc and
  sysfs.  Unfortunately that rule has not been fully enforced.

  There are two kinds of gaps in that enforcement.  Only filesystems
  mounted on empty directories of proc and sysfs should be ignored but
  the test for empty directories was insufficient.  So in my tree
  directories on proc, sysctl and sysfs that will always be empty are
  created specially.  Every other technique is imperfect as an ordinary
  directory can have entries added even after a readdir returns and
  shows that the directory is empty.  Special creation of directories
  for mount points makes the code in the kernel a smidge clearer about
  it's purpose.  I asked container developers from the various container
  projects to help test this and no holes were found in the set of mount
  points on proc and sysfs that are created specially.

  This set of changes also starts enforcing the mount flags of fresh
  mounts of proc and sysfs are consistent with the existing mount of
  proc and sysfs.  I expected this to be the boring part of the work but
  unfortunately unprivileged userspace winds up mounting fresh copies of
  proc and sysfs with noexec and nosuid clear when root set those flags
  on the previous mount of proc and sysfs.  So for now only the atime,
  read-only and nodev attributes which userspace happens to keep
  consistent are enforced.  Dealing with the noexec and nosuid
  attributes remains for another time.

  This set of changes also addresses an issue with how open file
  descriptors from /proc/<pid>/ns/* are displayed.  Recently readlink of
  /proc/<pid>/fd has been triggering a WARN_ON that has not been
  meaningful since it was added (as all of the code in the kernel was
  converted) and is not now actively wrong.

  There is also a short list of issues that have not been fixed yet that
  I will mention briefly.

  It is possible to rename a directory from below to above a bind mount.
  At which point any directory pointers below the renamed directory can
  be walked up to the root directory of the filesystem.  With user
  namespaces enabled a bind mount of the bind mount can be created
  allowing the user to pick a directory whose children they can rename
  to outside of the bind mount.  This is challenging to fix and doubly
  so because all obvious solutions must touch code that is in the
  performance part of pathname resolution.

  As mentioned above there is also a question of how to ensure that
  developers by accident or with purpose do not introduce exectuable
  files on sysfs and proc and in doing so introduce security regressions
  in the current userspace that will not be immediately obvious and as
  such are likely to require breaking userspace in painful ways once
  they are recognized"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/user-namespace:
  vfs: Remove incorrect debugging WARN in prepend_path
  mnt: Update fs_fully_visible to test for permanently empty directories
  sysfs: Create mountpoints with sysfs_create_mount_point
  sysfs: Add support for permanently empty directories to serve as mount points.
  kernfs: Add support for always empty directories.
  proc: Allow creating permanently empty directories that serve as mount points
  sysctl: Allow creating permanently empty directories that serve as mountpoints.
  fs: Add helper functions for permanently empty directories.
  vfs: Ignore unlocked mounts in fs_fully_visible
  mnt: Modify fs_fully_visible to deal with locked ro nodev and atime
  mnt: Refactor the logic for mounting sysfs and proc in a user namespace